Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Otto Staudinger
Otto Staudinger

Otto Staudinger (May 2, 1830 – October 13, 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and individuals. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Entomology (from Greek grc ἔντομος entomos, "that which is cut in pieces or engraved/segmented" hence "insect" and grc -λογία Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described

Contents

Life

Staudinger was born in Groß Wüstenfelde near Altentreptow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Groß Wüstenfelde is a municipality in the district of Güstrow, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Altentreptow (altənˈtʁeːpto is a town in the district of Demmin, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand duchy) in northern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. On his father's side he came from a Bavarian family. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 His grandfather had been born near Ansbach and came to Holstein at the end of the 18th century where Staudinger's father was born in Groß Flottbeck in 1799. Ansbach, or Anspach, originally Onolzbach, is a town in Bavaria, Germany. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) His mother, a born Schroeder, was from Mecklenburg, born in 1794 in Putzar at the Count of Schwerin's estate. Putzar is a municipality in the Ostvorpommern district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Schwerin (ʃveˈʁiːn is a City in northern Germany and the capital of the state When Otto Staudinger was born in 1830 his father was the tenant of the Rittergut Groß Wüstenfelde. At the age of six or seven Otto was introduced into entomology by his private tutor Wagner who collected beetles. In the summer of 1843 his father purchased the Rittergut Lübsee near Güstrow where Otto – now under the instruction of tutor Hermann – began to collect Lepidoptera. Güstrow (ˈgʏstʀoː is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. From October 1845 he attended the Gymnasium (grammar school) in Parchim and in summer 1849 received his Abitur (diploma qualifying for university admission). A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar Parchim (ˈpaʁçɪm is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Abitur (from Latin abire = go away go off is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that young adults take at the end of

In October 1849 Staudinger took up the study of medicine at the University of Berlin. In his second semester he changed to natural history under the impression of Dr. Stein's inspiring zoology lectures. From June 1850 to autumn 1851 he undertook entomological excursions and on the very first of these the capture of a series of freshly emerged Synanthedon tipuliformis in the cemetery of Stralau established his predilection for the clearwing moths (Sesiidae). The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a family of the Lepidoptera in which the wings have hardly any of the normal lepidopteran scales leaving them transparent He became friends with fellow students Theodor Johannes Krüper (later director of the natural history museum in Athens) and Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker (later professor in Greifswald) and met many of the Berlin entomologists of the era, especially Grabow, Simon, Scherffling, Libbach, Glasbrenner, Mützel, Streckfuß, Walther, the Kricheldorff brothers, Ribbe and Kalisch. Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker (30 August 1828 Berlin - 20 June 1895, Greifswald) was a German Zoologist and Entomologist Carl Ribbe ( November 16, 1860, Berlin - August 27, 1934, Dresden) was a German Explorer and Entomologist Their collecting grounds were mainly the Grunewald, the Jungfernheide (where at that time Staurophora celsia still occurred), the Wuhlheide, the Kalkberge near Straußberg and the lonely Finkenkrug, then situated deep inside the forest.

In autumn 1851 Staudinger seems to have fallen ill (though the biographical sources are silent about the nature of his ailment) and after a prolonged illness he was advised to go on a recovery trip. Accordingly Staudinger spent May to August 1852 at Lake Geneva and in the Mont Blanc area, then he travelled across the Simplon Pass to Genoa and thence – always on foot – along the Riviera to Nice, Marseilles, and Montpellier where he stayed until late November, everywhere socialising with local entomologists. Lake Geneva or Lake Léman (Lac Léman Léman Lac de Genève is the second largest freshwater Lake in Central Europe in terms of surface area (after Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also Simplon Pass ( Italian: Passo del Sempione) (2008 m /6589 ft) is a high Mountain pass between the Pennine Alps and the Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur Occitan: Còsta Azzura) is one of the most famous resort areas in the world extending along the Mediterranean Sea west Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. After a visit at home he travelled to Paris in January 1853 to perfect his French and to learn Italian and English. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States At Easter 1853 he took up his studies in Berlin again and collected intensively – mainly Sesiidae – together with Kalisch, Ribbe and the Kricheldorff brothers. The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a family of the Lepidoptera in which the wings have hardly any of the normal lepidopteran scales leaving them transparent In March 1854 he received his Dr. phil. degree for the thesis "De Sesiis agro Berolinensis".

Otto Staudinger
Otto Staudinger

From April to October 1854 Staudinger collected in Sardinia with the intention to discover the larvae of Papilio hospiton in which he succeeded after many failures. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) UserPolbot. -->The Corsican Swallowtail ( Papilio hospiton) is a species of Butterfly in the Papilionidae In 1855 he collected in the Alps (Carinthia, Glockner area). In April 1856 he started on a voyage to Iceland together with C. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Kalisch. On his return in the autumn of 1856 he became engaged to entomologist Grabow's daughter and married her on January 21, 1857. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the The same night the couple departed and travelled via Paris, Lyon, Marseilles – where they stopped and learned Spanish within ten days – Barcelona, Valencia and Almería to Malaga, where they stayed for a month. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Then they spent nine months in Granada (living in the Alhambra) where Staudinger collected extensively and where their daughter was born on November 2. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 In December they went via Malaga to Chiclana near Cadiz, spent the first half of 1858 there and finally returned to Berlin in July. Chiclana de la Frontera is a city in southwestern Spain, in the province of Cadiz near the Gulf of Cadiz. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight Because of the costs of his travels Staudinger founded a business and, with the help of his father-in-law, began to sell parts of his collections. Over the years this grew into a substantial and successful naturalist business with worldwide connections. In 1859 the Staudinger family moved to Dresden where his son Paul was born the same year. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German In Dresden Staudinger built the Diana-Bad (Diana Baths) in 1864, a large facility with bath tubs, steam baths, and Irish-Roman baths which Staudinger loved since this type of bath had helped him when he had a bad cold on a journey. When his city dwelling became too small in 1874 he moved to the "Villa Diana" in Blasewitz near Dresden. In 1879 the Danish-born entomologist Andreas Bang-Haas (1846-1925) entered into the business, married Staudinger's daughter in 1880 and became co-owner of the firm, now "Staudinger & Bang-Haas", in 1884 or 1887. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Andreas Bang-Haas (6 December 1846 Horsens -7 February 1925 Dresden) was a Danish Entomologist and insect dealer In 1884 the growing company moved to the larger "Villa Sphinx" and ten years later a two-story wing had to be added. From the mid-1880s onward Staudinger entrusted the company business more and more to Bang-Haas and concentrated on his work in Lepidoptera taxonomy. Staudinger died on October 13, 1900 during a recovery trip in Lucerne, Switzerland. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Lucerne ( Italian Lucerna) is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

Further important collecting trips

Achievements and impact

One of Staudinger's most valuable and durable achievements was the publication of three catalogues of the Lepidoptera of Europe and eventually of the entire palaearctic region. The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight Ecozones dividing the Earth surface These "Check-lists" as they would be called today were immediately accepted by lepidopterists, used as a basis of faunal lists and stimulated further taxonomic studies. As early as 1861 Staudinger together with Max Ferdinand Wocke published a Catalog der Lepidopteren Europa's und der angrenzenden Länder [Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Europe and adjacent countries], himself treating the so-called Macrolepidoptera, and Wocke the Microlepidoptera. Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke (* 27 November 1820 Breslau - † 7 November 1906 was a German Entomologist, specialising in Lepidoptera. The next edition, bilingual in German and French, appeared in 1871 (Catalog der Lepidopteren des Europaeischen Faunengebiets [Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the European Faunal Region]) and found wide distribution. The 1901 edition became a standard work of reference; it was edited after Staudinger's death by Hans Rebel who wrote the Microlepidoptera part while Staudinger had treated the Macrolepidoptera: Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes [Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Palaearctic Faunal Region]. Hans Rebel (2 September 1861 Hietzing, near Vienna - 19 May 1940 Vienna was an Austrian Entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera

Staudinger also played a key role as an initiator of entomological and biological exploration in many parts of the globe. He not only bought collections from the eastern Palaearctic and many tropical areas but he often sent collectors and naturalists to specific areas of interest:

In this way Staudinger succeeded in publishing whole faunal lists of districts some of which had been entomological terra incognita before. Examples are the Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasiens (1881), Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebietes (1892) and the Lepidopteren des Kentei-Gebirges (1892).

The taxonomic work on these collections was Staudinger's life work. He described hundreds if not thousands of taxa, mainly from the families of the so-called Macrolepidoptera. All scientifically important specimens, especially the types – which Staudinger labelled "Origin. " (for "original specimen") – remained in his private collection. A bibliography of Staudinger's entomological works lists 137 publications (Anonymus 1901). Numerous taxa have been named for Staudinger.

After Staudinger's death the firm "Staudinger & Bang-Haas" was led by Andreas Bang-Haas. In 1913 his son Otto Bang-Haas (1882-1948) became the sole owner and continued to run the firm until his death. Otto Bang-Haas (20 January 1882 Dresden -30 July 1948Dresden was a German Entomologist and insect dealer After that it was dissolved on September 30 1948.

Collection

Staudinger's private collection (with the types of the taxa described by him) went to the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universität in Berlin in 1907, his collection of palaearctic Microlepidoptera and larvae of palaearctic Macrolepidoptera went to the same institution in 1937. The Museum für Naturkunde (in English, the Museum of Natural History) widely known as the Naturkundemuseum, occasionally as the Humboldt Museum

The business collection of palaearctic Lepidoptera went to Hans Kotzsch after Otto Bang-Haas' death and finally came to the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden in 1961. Hans Kotzsch (24 April 1901, Dresden (Loschwitz - 25 July 1950 Dresden (Blasewitz was a German Entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden is a Natural history museum that houses 10000-50000 specimens including skeletons and large insect collections

Selected works

References

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic