Ottaviano Petrucci (June 18, 1466 – May 7, 1539) was an Italian printer. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Petrucci is credited with producing, in 1501, the first book of sheet music printed from movable type: Harmonice Musices Odhecaton, a collection of chansons. Sheet music is a hand-written or printed form of Musical notation; like its analogs -- books pamphlets etc A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image The Harmonice Musices Odhecaton (also known simply as the Odhecaton) was an anthology of secular Songs published by Ottaviano Petrucci A chanson ( French for " Song " from Latin cantio) is in general any lyric -driven French songs usually Polyphonic He also published numerous works by the most highly regarded composers of the Renaissance, including Josquin des Prez and Antoine Brumel. Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 - 1600 Josquin des Prez (c 1450 to 1455 &ndash August 27 1521 often referred to simply as Josquin, was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Antoine Brumel (c 1460 &ndash 1512 or 1513 was a French composer
Contents |
Life
He was born in Fossombrone, and probably was educated at Urbino. Fossombrone is a town and Comune in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino ( Marche, Italy) Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region in Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical Around 1490 he went to Venice to learn the art of printing, and in 1498 he petitioned the Doge for the exclusive right to print music for the next 20 years. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The right was very probably granted, since no examples of printed music from other Venetian printers are known before 1520. In 1501 he produced his first book of music, 96 chansons, as the Harmonice musices odhecaton A (sometimes referred to as "the Odhecaton"), which is the earliest known example of printed polyphonic music. The Harmonice Musices Odhecaton (also known simply as the Odhecaton) was an anthology of secular Songs published by Ottaviano Petrucci In the following years he continued to refine his technique, producing new editions and reprints every few months until 1509, when his activity was interrupted by the war of the League of Cambrai against Venice; he departed the city for Fossombrone, where he resumed his activities as a printer. The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names was a major conflict in the Italian Wars. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the
Fossombrone being within the papal states, Petrucci applied for a patent with the Doge for the exclusive right to print music, which was granted for several years; however the Pope rescinded the patent when Petrucci failed to produce keyboard music, granting it instead to one of Petrucci's competitors at Rome. In 1516 papal troops ransacked Fossombrone, and Petrucci printed nothing for three years: most likely his equipment was destroyed. The competitor who took Petrucci's printing privilege away from him in Rome, Andrea Antico, also took over his printing business in Venice in 1520. Andrea Antico (also Andrea Antico da Montona, Anticho, Antiquo) (c During the 1520s Petrucci seems to have made his living managing a paper mill.
In 1536 he returned to Venice at the request of the civic authorities there, and assisted them in printing Greek and Latin texts.
Significance
A total of 61 music publications of by Petrucci are known. By far the most fruitful period of his life for publishing music was the period between 1501 and 1509, during which he published the three volumes of the Odhecaton, 16 books of masses, five books of motets, 11 anthologies of frottole and six books of music for lute. For other uses see Mass (disambiguation The Mass, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that In Western music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions The frottola was the predominant type of Italian popular secular song of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century The last publication is dated 1520. [1]
While Petrucci was not the first to print music - a number of liturgical works with woodcut music were printed before 1500, with the first, the Constance Gradual, printed about 1473 - Petrucci was the first printer to use movable type, the first to print in quantity, and the first to print the polyphonic music which was the predominant style at the time. A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions For the origins of the technique and non-artistic use see Woodblock printing; for the related technique invented in the 18th century see Wood engraving In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony
Petrucci's technique required three impressions; each sheet of music would be run through the presses once for the staves, once for the music, and once for the words. In standard Western Musical notation, the staff ( AmE) or stave Petrucci was highly successful at this enterprise; his publications are quite exact and beautifully executed. However, other printers using this method sometimes offset their prints slightly, which could result in notes being printed too high or too low on the staff – and thus jarringly incorrect for performers. Petrucci's method was soon superseded by the innovations attributed to Pierre Attaignant, who developed and popularized the single-impression method of printing in 1528. Pierre Attaingnant (c 1494 &ndash late 1551 or 1552 was a French music printer active in Paris.
The printing of music made possible the development of the first truly international musical style since the unification of Gregorian Chant in the 9th century. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Printed music moved around Europe during the migration of Franco-Flemish composers from their home areas in the modern day Low Countries to Italy, Germany, Spain, Poland and elsewhere; the polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish became an international language, with later regional variations. In Music, the Franco-Flemish School refers somewhat imprecisely to the style of polyphonic Vocal music composition in Europe in the 15th Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
References
- D. W. Krummel and Stanley Sadie, Music Printing and Publishing. New York, Norton, 1990.
- Martin Picker, "Ottaviano Petrucci," Donald W. Krummel, "Printing and publishing of music", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. , 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
- Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. Gustave Reese ( November 29 1899, New York City – – September 7 1977, Berkeley California) was an American New York, W. W. Norton & Co. , 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
- Harold Gleason and Warren Becker, Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (Music Literature Outlines Series I). Bloomington, Indiana. Frangipani Press, 1986. ISBN 0-89917-034-X
- Stanley Boorman, Ottaviano Petrucci: Catalogue Raissonne, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006. vi+1285 pp. ISBN 0-19-514207-1
Notes
- ^ Krummel, Grove.
Selected bibliography
- Joshua F. Drake, ‘Randomness and Patterns: repeated texts in Petrucci’s Motet Prints’, paper given at the Annual Medieval and Renaissance Music Conference, Jena, Germany, July 2003. Dr Joshua F Drake is a Musicologist and Hymnist at Grove City College in Grove City Pennsylvania. Abstract
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic