| Oslotrikken | |
 |
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| Locale | Oslo |
|---|---|
| Transit type | Tram |
| Began operation | 1875 |
| System length | 131. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 4 km or 81. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 6 miles |
| No. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States of lines | 6 |
| No. of stations | 99 |
| Daily ridership | about 100,000 (2006) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) |
| Operator(s) | Oslo Sporvognsdrift |
Oslotrikken or the Oslo Tramway is the tramway in Oslo, Norway. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. Oslo Sporvognsdrift AS is the company that operates the Oslo Tramway in Oslo, Norway. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The network consists of six lines at 131. 4 km with 99 stops and a daily ridership of 100,000. The tramway is operated by Oslo Sporvognsdrift, a subsidiary of Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS. Oslo Sporvognsdrift AS is the company that operates the Oslo Tramway in Oslo, Norway. Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS is a municipal owned Public transport operator of Oslo, Norway. As of 2005 the system consists of a rolling stock of about 72 trams. The system operates on standard gauge and uses 750 overhead V DC. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. The volt (symbol V) is the SI derived unit of electric Potential difference or Electromotive force. Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge.
Contents |
History
The first tram in Oslo was opened in 1875 with a short line between Homansbyen west of the city centre, Oslo West Railway Station and a sideline to Grønland, east of the city centre. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Oslo Vestbanestasjon or Oslo V was the terminal Railway station of Drammenbanen between 1872 and 1989 The first "trams" were in fact horse drawn vehicles on flanged steel wheels. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. The first expansion of the line came in 1878 with a line to the Grünerløkka neighborhood to the north. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Grünerløkka is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway. Grünerløkka became part of the city of Oslo (then Christiania) in 1858.
Electric tram service was initiated in 1894 with a line over Briskeby to Majorstuen, a route south of the original Homansbyen line. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Majorstuen, also called Majorstua, is an area in the borough of Frogner in the western part of Oslo, Norway. Horsedrawn service was entirely replaced with electric service in 1900. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar For a long time, there were two tram companies operating in Oslo, "Grønntrikken" ("The Green Trams" with a green and yellow livery) and "Blåtrikken" ("The Blue Trams" with a blue livery). A livery is a Uniform or other sign worn in a non-military context on a person or object (such as an airplane or Vehicle) to denote a relationship These companies were merged together in 1924. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Norwegian word trikk (tram) derives from the English word electric. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States During the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, the network continued to expand, with the most notable addition being the construction of Ekebergbanen, a line up along the hill along the east side of the Oslo Fjord, south of the city. The Oslofjord (Oslofjorden is a Bay in the south-east of Norway, stretching from an imaginary line between the Torbjørnskjær and Færder lighthouses It was operated by a separate company. It was originally built to Sæter in 1917, the line was completed to Ljabru in 1941. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The tram network reached its greatest extent in 1939 with the opening of the northeastern line to Sinsen. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
After World War II, the tram network started being gradually being replaced with diesel buses, closures started in 1947, and in 1960, the city council decided to aim for a complete dismantlement of the entire tram system. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A number of lines had been replaced with the T-bane subway system, and the versatility of buses was attractive to the local politicians. Oslo T-bane is the Rapid transit system of Oslo, Norway operated by Oslo T-banedrift on contract from the transit authority Ruter. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway However in 1977, the city council rescinded its decision to close the tram system. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays An order was made for a set of new articulated trams to supplement the aging fleet. The first of these trams, the SL79 was delivered in 1982. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar)
The tram network was expanded slightly in the 1990s. A line over Aker Brygge was added in 1995, and in 1999 an extension of the northwestern Ullevål line was extended past the University of Oslo campus, to the new Rikshospitalet national hospital. Aker Brygge is an area in the borough of Frogner in Oslo, Norway. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo Universitas Osloensis is the oldest and largest University in Norway, situated in the Norwegian capital Rikshospitalet (Norwegian for Hospital of the Realm) is located in Oslo, Norway, and was founded 1826. A further renewal of the tram fleet by the addition of Italian double-articulated SL95 cars was also started. In 2002 the tram appeared to fall on hard times again. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Oslo Sporveier was strapped for cash, and the board passed a decision to close down much of the tram system and replace it with buses. However, such a drastic change of operations forced a general assembly to meet, and most of the closures were cancelled. Finally, only the northernmost line to Kjelsås was closed in November 2002. In 2003, the tram system which had been part of Oslo Sporveier, was fissioned out to a separate company, Oslotrikken. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. However, Oslotrikken was instructed to drop the "Oslo" prefix in their name shortly after, making Trikken their official name. The line to Kjelsås was reopened in 2004, exactly two years after it was first closed. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
Line Network
Most of the tram lines in Oslo go near the downtown area, and all the lines on the system go either through downtown, or, more rarely, terminate there. As of 2005 There are six lines, all of which operate daily, usually on a schedule with a 10-minute headway, or 20-minute schedule during late evenings and weekends. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The entire network is 131. 4 km long. Many stretches are operated by two or more lines. In central areas, served by more than one line, there is a maximum of 5-minute headway between trams, a concept named "Rullende fortau" (rolling sidewalk) by the tram company.
Among the more notable stretches are:
- Ekebergbanen is the southernmost route, which runs up the hillside along the east coast of the Oslo Fjord, finally ending at Ljabru. It was one of the lines proposed axed in 2002, but spared at the general assembly. Ekebergbanen is more a light rail than a tram, as it runs on a separate track, and not in the street. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. It is served fully by line 19 and partially by line 18.
- Lilleakerbanen, also more like a light rail, is the most western route, and the only tram line which does not stay within the city limits of Oslo. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The last station on the line, Jar, lies in Bærum. Jar is a station both for the Oslo T-bane and Oslotrikken located in Bærum, just west of Lysakerelva which divides Oslo and Bærum is a municipality in the county of Akershus, Norway. Bærum was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) The tram line actually joins with Kolsåsbanen of the subway system for the last stretch. Formerly, trams would run late night passenger services on Kolsåsbanen, but this has been discontinued, although there are tram sheds on Kolsåsbanen beyond Jar. The line is served by line 13. Since December 2, 2007 tram operations have returned on this line from Jar to Bekkestua. Operations beyond Jar use SL95 trams as there is no turnback loop at Bekkestua. Some runs turn back at Jar and are often run using SL79 trams.
Lines
The lines are color coded, and the colors appear on the line map as well as destination signs. A color code is a system for displaying information by using different Colors Reading a color code is often difficult or impossible for the color blind. Line 11 and 13 share colors, as do lines 18 and 19. Up until the 2005 restructuring of the tram system there was also a line 10 (Jar-Skøyen-Aker Brygge-Jernbanetorget-Ullevål-Rikshospitalet), color coded blue. Line 13 trams now serving Bekkestua can be seen with blue background destination signs. Bekkestua is a station on Kolsås Line of the Oslo T-bane situated at Bekkestua in Bærum, Norway.
- 11 (Green): Majorstuen-Homansbyen-Torshov-Storo-Disen-(Kjelsås)
- 12 (Purple): Majorstuen-Frogner-Aker Brygge-Jernbanetorget-Torshov-Storo-Disen-Kjelsås
- 13 (Green): Bekkestua-Jar-Skøyen-Nationaltheateret-Jernbanetorget-Torshov-Storo-Grefsen
- 17 (Red): Rikshospitalet-Ullevål-Stortorvet-Carl Berners plass-Sinsen-Grefsen
- 18 (Yellow): Rikshospitalet-Ullevål-Stortorvet-Jernbanetorget-Holtet-(Ljabru)
- 19 (Yellow): Majorstuen-Briskeby-Nationaltheateret-Jernbanetorget-Holtet-Ljabru
Destinations in brackets are only served during off-peak hours. Majorstuen, also called Majorstua, is an area in the borough of Frogner in the western part of Oslo, Norway. Kjelsås is a neighbourhood of the city of Oslo, Norway.After the second world war the city has been one of the largest in the world geographically speaking Bekkestua is a station on Kolsås Line of the Oslo T-bane situated at Bekkestua in Bærum, Norway. Jar is a station both for the Oslo T-bane and Oslotrikken located in Bærum, just west of Lysakerelva which divides Oslo and Bærum Rikshospitalet (Norwegian for Hospital of the Realm) is located in Oslo, Norway, and was founded 1826. Since lines 11, 12 and 19 run over Majorstuen, where several turns are too sharp for the newer SL-95 trams, they are operated with the lighter SL-79 trams. Lines 17 and 18 run to Rikshospitalet, which need to be operated by the bidirectional SL-95 trams. Both tram types are operating on line 13, though SL-79 trams operate only as far as Jar where there is a turning loop and SL-95 trams may operate to Bekkestua. Jar is a station both for the Oslo T-bane and Oslotrikken located in Bærum, just west of Lysakerelva which divides Oslo and Bærum Bekkestua is a station on Kolsås Line of the Oslo T-bane situated at Bekkestua in Bærum, Norway.
Rolling stock
Current rolling stock
The Oslo tram system has 72 trams.
- 40 trams of type SL79. SL79 is a series of 40 Trams operated by the Oslo Tramway. The series is built by Duewag of Germany with 25 units in 1982-84 and Asea Brown Boveri These are single-articulated, and operate in one direction only. They were delivered in two batches, the first batch, with 25 trams, started arriving in 1982, the second batch of 15 trams arrived in 1989. The two batches are fairly similar, but with different interiors, and the rear door of the second batch is double. The first ten trams were produced by Duewag of Germany, the rest were produced by ABB at Strømmen, west of Oslo. The DUEWAG AG was one of Germany 's major manufacturers for rail vehicles } ABB, formerly Asea Brown Boveri, is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland, operating mainly in the power Strømmen is a town in Skedsmo, Akershus, Norway. It is about twenty kilometers east of Oslo and considered part of Greater Oslo. The trams are 22. 18 metres long, 2. 50 metres wide, 3,41 metres tall and weigh 32. 8 tons. The tram can take 163 passengers, 71 of which are seated.
- 32 trams of type SL95. SL95 is a series of 32 Trams operated by the Oslo Tramway. The series is built by Ansaldo / Firema of Italy These double-articulated trams can go backwards as well as forwards due to the presence of driver cabs at either end and doors on both sides. They can therefore operate on the Ullevål line to Rikshospitalet which does not have a turning circle at the end of the line. However, the large turning radius and heavy weight of the tram makes it unsuitable for some of the lines to Majorstuen, which have poor tracks and sharp turns. The turning radius or turning circle of a Vehicle is the Radius of the smallest circular turn (ie The SL95s were delivered by the Italian company Ansaldo/Firema, now Ansaldobreda. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Ansaldobreda SPA is a company based in Pistoia and Naples, Italy and responsible for designing and manufacturing railway and mass transit vehicles The SL95 is 33. 12 metres long, 2. 6 metres wide, 3. 62 metres tall and weighs 64. 98 tons. The tram has a capacity for 212 passengers, 88 of which are seated.
There are also some old trams which are brought out on special occasions. During the summer, tram no. 70 together with trailer no. 647 operates scheduled trips on Sundays. It was built by Falkenried in Hamburg, Germany in 1913 for Grønntrikken. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany It remained in regular passenger service until 1968 and continued to serve as a maintenance vehicle. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the tram's 100 year jubilee, the no. 70 tram was restored in 1994. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Trailer no. 647, complete with the classical open platforms, is a replica of an old trailer, built from parts from tram no. 71.
Recently retired rolling stock
- The Høka trams (designated SM53) entered service in 1952. These were not articulated trams, but usually pulled a trailer in order to increase capacity. In the mid 1980s a number of these trams were rebuilt and modernised, these trams were given the designation SM83. All these trams were retired in 2000 when Oslo Sporveier increased the voltage of the network from 600 V to 750 V. Electrical tension (or voltage after its SI unit, the Volt) is the difference of electrical potential between two points of an electrical
- In the early 1990s the line over Storo was amputated by construction work, and the line had therefore no turning circle at the end of the line. To solve this problem, a number of old trams were purchased from Gothenburg at the price of 1 krone each. Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. The krone ( sign: kr; code: NOK) is the Currency of Norway. The plural form is kroner. These trams, which had been built between 1958 and 1962, and designated M25 in Gothenburg, were coupled back-to-back so that a driver's cabin was available at either end of the train. They were designated SM91 in Oslo. The condition of the SM91 was somewhat better than the aging Høka cars, so they replaced them. The SM91 was never popular with passengers, they were as noisy as the Høka, and the rear doors, which would only allow people out of the tram, had to be pushed open manually by passengers from the inside. After a fatal accident involving the doors of this tram type in January 2001, the trams no longer ran coupled together in trains. They were finally retired in November 2002.
External links
- Oslotrikken's main webpage (in Norwegian)
- Oslotrikken's English site
- Line map (PDF file)
- Fare and timetable information
- Railfaneurope.net image gallery
- About the no. 70 tram and no. 647 trailer
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