City of Oshawa, Ontario
Nickname: The Shwa The (Canadian) Motor City
Motto: Prepare To Be Amazed
Map showing Oshawa's location in Durham Region
Coordinates: 43°53′56″N 78°51′9″W / 43.89889, -78.8525
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Region	Durham Region
Incorporated	1850
Government
- Mayor	John Gray
- Governing Body	Oshawa City Council
- MPs	Jim Flaherty (Whitby—Oshawa) Colin Carrie (Oshawa)
- MPPs	Jerry Ouellette (Oshawa) Christine Elliott (Whitby—Oshawa)
Area
- City	145. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec A Regional Municipality (or Region) is a type of Canadian Municipal Government similar to and at the same municipal government level as Oshawa City Council is the governing body for the city of Oshawa Ontario. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. James Michael "Jim" Flaherty, PC, MP (born December 30, 1949 in Montreal, Quebec) is Canada's Minister Whitby—Oshawa is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons Colin Carrie (born April 11, 1962 in Hamilton Ontario) is a Canadian Politician. Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented A Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP is an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada. Jerry J Ouellette (born January 30, 1959 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Politician in Ontario Canada. Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented Christine Elliott is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in a Byelection on March 30, 2006 Whitby—Oshawa is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 65 km² (56. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 23 sq mi)
Elevation	106 m (346 ft)
Population (2006)[1]
- City	141,590
- Density	972. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/km² (2,518. 1/sq mi)
- Metro	330,594
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
Website: oshawa.ca

For the station in the GO Transit system, see Oshawa GO Station. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Oshawa GO Station serves GO Transit commuter trains and buses and VIA Rail trains running from Toronto to Ottawa and Montréal

Oshawa (2006 population 141,590, CMA, 330,594) ^[2] is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline, approximately 60 kilometres east of downtown Toronto. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of both the Greater Toronto Area and the Golden Horseshoe. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. As far as I know the Golden Horseshoe is ancient history and this page should be renamed (or forwarded to to Greater Golden Horseshoe now that Statistics Canada is (finally using the same It is not, however, part of the Toronto CMA but has its own metropolitan area, the fourteenth largest in Canada. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. It is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Durham. The name Oshawa originates from the Ojibwa term aazhaway, meaning "crossing to the other side of a river or lake" or just "(a)cross". ^[3][4]

The automobile industry, specifically the Canadian division of General Motors Corporation, known as General Motors Canada, has always been at the forefront of Oshawa's economy. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. General Motors of Canada Limited (GM Canada is the name of General Motors ' Canadian division Founded in 1876 as the McLaughlin Carriage Company, General Motors of Canada's headquarters and major assembly plants are located in the city. The McLaughlin Automobile company began life as the McLaughlin Carriage Company a blacksmith's shop in the village of Enniskillen located 20 km north east of Oshawa Ontario The lavish home of the carriage company's founder, Parkwood Estate, is a national historic site, and a backdrop favoured by Toronto film crews. The Parkwood Estate, located in Oshawa Ontario (Canada was the home of Samuel McLaughlin (founder of General Motors of Canada and was home to the McLaughlins from A national historic site is a designation that an area possesses national historical significance

The city is also home to Windfields Farm, a thoroughbred horse breeding operation and birthplace of Canada's most famous racehorse, Northern Dancer. Windfields Farm is a six square kilometre (1500  Acre) Thoroughbred horse breeding farm founded by businessman E Northern Dancer ( May 27, 1961 - November 16, 1990) was a Canadian -bred Thoroughbred racehorse and the most successful

Once very much a distinct community - physically, economically, and culturally - Oshawa has been increasingly subsumed into the Greater Toronto Area. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada.

Contents 1 History 1.1 The start of the car industry 1.2 The Oshawa Strike, 1937 1.3 Post-war Oshawa 1.4 Oshawa's future 2 Economy 3 Politics 3.1 Local government 4 Education 5 Health care 6 Emergency services 7 Media 8 Sports 8.1 Hockey 8.2 Baseball 8.3 Lacrosse 9 Transportation 10 Demographics 11 Communities of Oshawa 12 Neighbours 13 Notable people 14 Cultural resources 15 See also 16 References 17 External links

History

The area that would become Oshawa began as a transfer point for the fur trade. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Beaver and other animal pelts were trapped by local natives and traded with the Coureur des bois (voyagers). A coureur des bois (runner of the woods was an individual who engaged in the Fur trade without permission from the French authorities Furs were loaded onto canoes by the Mississauga Indians at the Oshawa harbour and transported to the trading posts located to the west at the mouth of the Credit River. The Credit River is a River in southern Ontario which flows from headwaters above the Niagara Escarpment to empty into Around 1760, the French constructed a trading post near the harbour location; this was abandoned after a few years, but its ruins provided shelter for the first residents of what later became Oshawa.

In the late 1700s a local resident, Roger Conant, started an export business shipping salmon to the United States. The name United Empire Loyalists is a honorific name which has been given after the fact to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other His success attracted further migration into the region. A large number of the founding immigrants were United Empire Loyalists, who left the United States to live under British rule. The name United Empire Loyalists is a honorific name which has been given after the fact to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other Later Irish and then French Canadian immigration increased as did industrialization. Oshawa and the surrounding Ontario County were also the settling grounds of a disproportionate number of 19th century Cornish immigrants during the Cornish emigration which emptied large tracts of that part of England. Ontario County is the name of a county in New York, and two historic counties in the Canadian province of Ontario. The Cornish people (Kernowyon are regarded as an Ethnic group of the United Kingdom originating in Cornwall. Cornish emigration consists of Cornish Emigrants and their descendants in other parts of Great Britain and in countries such as the United States England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland As well, the surveys ordered by Governor John Graves Simcoe, and the subsequent land grants, helped populate the area. Lieutenant-General John Graves Simcoe ( February 25, 1752 &ndash October 26, 1806) was the first Lieutenant governor of Upper When Col. Asa Danforth laid out his York-to-Kingston road, it passed through what would later become the city.

In 1822, a "colonization road" (a north-south road to facilitate settlement) known as Simcoe Street was constructed. It more or less followed the path of an old native trail known as the Nonquon Road, and ran from the harbour to the area of Lake Scugog. This intersected the "Kingston Road" at what would become Oshawa's "Four Corners. Kingston Road (originally "The Kingston Road" was built by American engineer Asa Danforth as a route to connect Toronto (then called York with Kingston " In 1836, Edward Skae relocated his general store approximately 800 m east to the southeast corner of this intersection; as his store became a popular meeting place (probably because it also served as the Post Office), the corner and the growing settlement that surrounded it, were known as Skae's Corners. In 1842, Skae, the postmaster, applied for official post office status, but was informed the community needed a better name. The name "Oshawa" was adopted and the post office named accordingly. In 1849, the requirements for incorporation were eased, and Oshawa was incorporated as a village in 1850.

The newly established village became an industrial centre, and implement works, tanneries, asheries and wagon factories opened (and often closed shortly after, as economic "panics" occurred regularly). In 1876, Colonel Robert Samuel McLaughlin moved his carriage works to Oshawa from Enniskillen to take advantage of its harbour as well as the availability of a rail link not too far away. Colonel Robert Samuel McLaughlin, CC, ED, CD, LLD ( September 8, 1871 - January 6, 1972) was an important The village became a town in 1879, in what was then called Whitby Township. Around 1890, the carriage works relocated from its Simcoe Street address to an unused furniture factory a couple of blocks to the northeast, and this remained its site until the building burnt in 1899. Offered assistance by the town, McLaughlin elected to stay in Oshawa, building a new factory across Mary Street from the old site. Rail service had been provided in 1890 by an electric line which provided both streetcar and freight service, connecting central Oshawa with the Grand Trunk (now Canadian National) Railway. The Oshawa Railway was acquired by the Grand Trunk operation around 1910, and streetcar service was replaced by buses in 1940. After GM moved its main plants to south Oshawa in 1951, freight traffic fell and most of the tracks were removed in 1963, although a line to the older remaining "north" plant via Ritson Road remained until 2000.

The start of the car industry

In 1907 the McLaughlin Carriage Company began to manufacture Buick automobiles under the McLaughlin-Buick name, and in 1915 the firm acquired the manufacturing rights to the Chevrolet brand. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM Within three years his firm and the Chevrolet Motor Car Company of Canada merged, creating General Motors of Canada. Col. R. S. McLaughlin became the head of this new operation, and his factory expanded rapidly, eventually covering several blocks. The popularity of the automobile in the nineteen-twenties generated rapid expansion of Oshawa, which grew in population from 4,000 to 16,000 during this decade as well as in land area. Oshawa annexed the area to its south, including both the harbour and the community of Cedardale. This growth allowed Oshawa to seek incorporation as a city, which took place March 8, 1924. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

With the wealth he gained in his business venture, in 1916 Robert McLaughlin built one of the most stately homes in Canada, "Parkwood. World War II foreign variants and use Lend-Lease Sherman tanks. " The 55-room residence was built using inexpensive labour, and designed by Toronto architect John M. Lyle. McLaughlin lived in the house for 55 years with his wife and 5 children. The house replaced an older mansion, which was about thirty years old when it was demolished; the grounds of the earlier home had been operated as Prospect Park, and this land was acquired by the town and became its first municipal park, Alexandra Park. Parkwood today is open to the public as a national historic site (for a paid admission) and tours are offered as well.

The Oshawa Strike, 1937

On April 8, 1937, disputes between 4000 assembly line workers and General Motors management led to the Oshawa Strike, a salient event in the history of Canadian trade unionism. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming As the weight of the Great Depression slowly began to lift, demand for automobiles again began to grow. The workers sought higher wages, an eight hour workday, better working conditions and recognition of their union, the United Auto Workers (Local 222). Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Automobile Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America International The then-Liberal government of Mitchell Hepburn, which had, ironically, been elected on a platform of being the working man's friend, sided with the corporation and even brought in armed university students to break up any union agitation. Mitchell Frederick Hepburn ( August 12, 1896 - January 5, 1953) was Premier of Ontario, Canada, from 1934 to 1942 Fortunately, these much-derided "Hepburn's Hussars" and "Sons of Mitches" were never needed as the union refused to be drawn into any violent act. The union and workers had the backing of the local population, other unions and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, and on April 23, two weeks after the strike started, the company gave in to most of the workers' demands, although -- pointedly -- it did not recognize the union. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF (French Fédération du commonwealth coopératif, then Parti social démocratique du Canada) was a Canadian Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at

Post-war Oshawa

In 1950, the city annexed a portion of East Whitby Township west of Park Road. East Whitby Township is a former municipality in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. Some of this area had been developed during the 1920s boom period, although it was not within the boundaries of the city proper. The opening of what later became Highway 401, shortly after World War II led in part to the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham in 1974. Oshawa was amalgamated with the remaining poritions of East Whitby Township and took on its present boundaries, which included the outlying villages of Columbus, Raglan and Kedron. Much of Oshawa's industry has closed over the years; however, it is still the headquarters of GM Canada as well as its major manufacturing site.

Oshawa's future

The opening of the Oshawa Shopping Centre (now the Oshawa Centre) less than two kilometres west of the "four corners" in 1956 struck a blow to Oshawa's downtown from which it has never been able to recover. Oshawa Centre is a two story Shopping mall located in the City of Oshawa Ontario. For most of the last thirty years, the city has tried to promote the downtown core as a viable place to live and work, with multiple failed attempts to attract new business and other projects to the city core. Local politicians and civic officials hope that the opening of the new General Motors Centre will spark renewed interest in downtown revitalization. The General Motors Centre (GMC is a 5500-seat multi-purpose Arena located in downtown Oshawa Ontario. In addition, the University of Ontario Institute of Technology will be relocating the Faculty of Education into downtown Oshawa beginning in Fall 2008. The University of Ontario Institute of Technology ( UOIT) is located in Oshawa Ontario and shares its campus with Durham College. Most of Oshawa's growth has occurred on the outer regions of the city. Legislation passed by the Ontario Government in 2005 now protects greenspace to the north of the city (the Oak Ridges Moraine), which will eventually prohibit any further expansion of the urban boundary. The Oak Ridges Moraine is an ecologically sensitive geological landform in the Mixedwood Plains of south central Ontario, Canada. This will likely result in the redevelopment of Oshawa's many 'brownfield' sites, and may result in increased density.

Economy

Oshawa is headquarters to General Motors Canada, which has large-scale manufacturing and administrative operations in the city and employs many thousands both directly and indirectly. General Motors of Canada Limited (GM Canada is the name of General Motors ' Canadian division Since Windsor, Ontario houses Chrysler Canada headquarters, the two cities have something of a friendly rivalry for the title of "Automotive Capital of Canada". Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925

The revenue collection divisions of the Ontario Ministry of Finance occupy one of the few major office buildings in the city's downtown, which continues to struggle despite business improvement efforts. The city's southern neighbourhoods tend to be considerably less affluent than its northern sections, which are rapidly expanding as Toronto commuters move in. The southern half of the city consists of industrial zones and compact housing designed for mid-20th century industrial workers, while the northern half has a suburban feel more typical of later decades.

High wages paid to unionized GM employees have meant that these workers could enjoy a relatively high standard of living, although such jobs are much scarcer today than they once were. General Motors started producing the Chevrolet Camaro in 1967 and it continued for the next thirty-five years until 2002 General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. Oshawa Car Assembly is a major car manufacturing facility in the city of Oshawa, Ontario Canada building various Automobiles for General Motors. During its post-World War II heyday, General Motors offered some of the best manufacturing jobs available in Canada and attracted thousands of workers from economically depressed areas of the country, particularly the Maritimes, Newfoundland, rural Quebec and northern Ontario. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Maritime provinces, called the Maritimes in local English (or the Canadian Maritimes by non-Canadians is a region of Eastern Canada Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The city was also a magnet for European immigrants in the skilled trades, and boasts substantial Polish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Croatian, German and Russian ethnic communities. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries

Although the workforce at General Motors of Canada has shrunk in recent years (with more reductions through attrition planned), the company continues to make significant technology and capital investments at its sites in Oshawa. While the company's once essential role in the local economy has diminished, it remains the largest local employer. Many of its operations have been spun off to contractors. In most cases, new owners at the spun-off facilities are not bound by the collective bargaining agreements of the Canadian Auto Workers, and wages at such operations tend to be much lower than at General Motors itself. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Canadian Auto Workers ( CAW; formally the National Automobile

Despite GM's troubles, Oshawa has become one of the fastest growing cities in Canada, although statements to this effect are often in reference to the Census Metropolitan Area, which includes its fast growing suburbs of Whitby and Clarington. Whitby is a historic town and Civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England. The Municipality of Clarington is a municipality in Ontario, Canada in the Regional Municipality of Durham Many commuters have been enticed to Oshawa by comparatively low housing prices and the regular rail service into downtown Toronto provided by GO Transit and VIA Rail. GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the The growth of subdivisions to house Toronto commuters will likely accelerate if the long-planned Highway 407 extension is built across the city's northern tier in the next decade. Highway 407, officially called the 407 Express Toll Route (ETR, is a Tollway located in the Greater Toronto Area, southern Ontario, Canada The trend suggests major social changes for Oshawa, which has long had a vigorous labour union presence and largely blue collar identity. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Rising property values and the emergence of land speculation associated with suburban growth have created new dynamics for the local economy. Speculation, in a financial context is making an investment that increases the overall risk in a portfolio While unchecked growth was largely accepted (even embraced) in the 1980s and 1990s, concern over urban sprawl has emerged.

In late 2004, the Greater Toronto Airports Authority announced a plan under which the Oshawa Airport would be closed and its traffic diverted to a major new Toronto reliever airport to be constructed in Pickering. Oshawa Airport,, is a municipal Airport adjacent to the north end of the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Pickering is a City located immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada The Oshawa airport handles occasional traffic related to General Motors (emergency spare parts and executives); GM has indicated that a move of its air traffic to Pickering would not affect its operations. The airport also handles significant general aviation, two flight training facilities, and numerous other aviation and non-aviation related companies, all of which would need to be diverted or relocated. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. The city has considered ambitious proposals to repurpose the airport lands, but as of January 2006, significant upgrade work is being performed on the main terminal building by the city itself, signalling that the city has no immediate plans to close the busy facility, understanding its importance to the community and local economy. Additional aviation related construction is also taking place on the airport lands.

Politics

See also: Oshawa (electoral district)

The dominant presence of General Motors (and its autoworkers) meant that Oshawa was well-known as a bastion of unionist, left-wing support during the decades following the Second World War. Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city played an important role in Canada's labour history, including the 1937 "Oshawa Strike" against General Motors and the considerable financial support provided by the city's autoworkers to the NDP and its predecessors.

However, Oshawa was part of the Ontario (County) riding when Michael Starr, a high ranking Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Member in the Diefenbaker era served. John Edward "Ed" Broadbent PC, CC (born March 21, 1936 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian Social Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented For the current|defunct federal|provincial electoral district see Ontario (electoral district ---> Ontario was a federal electoral district Michael Starr, CStJ PC (born Michael Starchewsky) ( November 14 1910 &ndash March 16 2000) was a Canadian politician The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC) ( Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) ( 1867 – 2003) was a Canadian A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada plays an important role in the Government of Canada, in accordance with the Westminster System. Starr served the new Oshawa—Whitby riding for one term, before being narrowly defeated by future federal New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Ed Broadbent in 1968. Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots John Edward "Ed" Broadbent PC, CC (born March 21, 1936 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian Social Broadbent then represented the city in the Canadian House of Commons until 1989, and in the 1980s led the NDP to its greatest electoral successes. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and

By the end of the 1990s, the city's changing economy and demographics led many voters to the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and the Canadian Alliance, a conservative party at the federal level. The Ontario PC Party, formally known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (in french Parti progressiste-conservateur de l'Ontario) is a Right-of-centre The Canadian Alliance (in French Alliance Canadienne) formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (or in French Alliance réformiste-conservateur Conservative candidates have won recent provincial and federal elections, whereas from 1968-93 the city was a safe NDP seat in both the federal and provincial legislatures.

The city's shifting social and political dynamics were seen in the 2004 federal election - the riding of Oshawa (not coterminous with the City of Oshawa, but containing most of it) was the country's most competitive. Oshawa (formerly known as Oshawa—Whitby) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented The candidate of the new Conservative Party of Canada, Dr. Colin Carrie, edged out his NDP rival Sid Ryan by several hundred votes; it was an atypical and ideologically stark race that left the Liberals in third place. The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative Colin Carrie (born April 11, 1962 in Hamilton Ontario) is a Canadian Politician. Patrick Cyril "Sid" Ryan (born 1952 in Dublin, Ireland) is a Canadian Labour union leader

In 2006, Whitby—Oshawa also became a Conservative seat; Jim Flaherty followed Starr (after over 40 years) into the Canadian cabinet as Minister of Finance. Whitby—Oshawa is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons James Michael "Jim" Flaherty, PC, MP (born December 30, 1949 in Montreal, Quebec) is Canada's Minister The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada plays an important role in the Government of Canada, in accordance with the Westminster System. The finance minister is a Cabinet position in a Government. A minister of Finance (also called financial affairs the treasury the economy or economic

Local government

Oshawa's city government consists of a mayor and ten councillors. Each of the city's seven wards is represented by a Regional & City councillor, who also represent Oshawa at Durham Region council. The three remaining councillors sit on city council only, each councillor serving two wards. Ward 7, the northernmost ward, has only its Regional & City councillor. The current mayor is John Gray.

In May 2007, Council voted to revert to a general vote system in which council members are elected at large. The at-large system, which the City used prior to 1985, will take effect after the 2010 civic election. Council's vote was based on the results of a non-binding referendum held as part of the 2006 election; 64 per cent voted in favour of a general vote for regional councillors and 61 per cent said yes to a general vote for city councillors. Ward system supporters maintain that the referendum question was poorly-worded and that insufficient information was provided. ^[5]

Education

Public education in Oshawa is provided via the Durham District School Board. Secondary Schools Ajax High School Anderson Collegiate Vocational Institute Brock High School As of late 2006, there were 32 elementary schools and six secondary schools. The Durham Catholic District School Board, which has its headquarters in Oshawa, oversees public Catholic education in Durham Region. The Durham Catholic District School Board is a publicly-funded Catholic school board located in Durham Region, east of Toronto, Ontario. There are 14 Catholic elementary schools and two secondary schools. The Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest operates one French Public elementary school, while the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud runs one publicly-funded French-language Catholic elementary school. The Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest, also known as CSDCSO or Ontario District School Board #58, manages the French-language Public Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud is the Roman Catholic separate, French language School board for the South-Central region of Ontario Private schools include Durham Elementary School, Immanuel Christian School, Kingsway College and College Park Elementary School. Kingsway College is a High school in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, with a Seventh-day Adventist environment which encourages personal

The main campus of Durham College is also located in the city. See also Durham College Oxford. Durham College of Applied Arts and Technology is located in Oshawa, Ontario, The university and college share a campus and some facilities, but the two institutions are independent. Given the city's industrial heritage, the university's courses emphasize technology, manufacturing and engineering themes. It is the only university in Canada to offer degree programs in Automotive Engineering and Nuclear Engineering. Trent University also offers a full-time program at the campus. This article is about Trent University in Peterborough Ontario Canada

Oshawa is home to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, opened in 2003. The University of Ontario Institute of Technology ( UOIT) is located in Oshawa Ontario and shares its campus with Durham College. In 2007, a student housing controversy culminated in a bylaw restraining the areas in which students may live. The University of Ontario Institute of Technology ( UOIT) is located in Oshawa Ontario and shares its campus with Durham College. A bylaw highly scrutinized by Barbara Hall the chief of the Ontario Human Rights Commission. Barbara Hall (born 1946 is a Canadian Lawyer, public servant and former politician The Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC was established in the Canadian province of Ontario in 1961 to administer the Ontario

Health care

Oshawa's hospital is the Oshawa site of Lakeridge Health Oshawa, formerly the Oshawa General Hospital. Lakeridge Health Oshawa, formerly Oshawa General Hospital, is a Hospital located in Oshawa Ontario. This 437-bed facility is the major regional hospital for the area and also houses the R. S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre. A new expansion opened in early 2007.

Emergency services

Policing in Oshawa is provided by the Durham Regional Police service from a station at 77 Centre St. The Durham Regional Police Service (DRPS is the police service operated by the Regional Municipality of Durham Ontario, Canada, commonly referred to as Durham N. in the downtown area and a South Oshawa Community Policing Centre on Cedar St. EMS/Ambulance services are also overseen by the Region of Durham. Oshawa Fire Services operate from five fire stations located throughout the city.

Media

Although a relatively large city by Canadian standards, Oshawa has few media outlets of its own due to its proximity to Toronto. The city has one AM station, CKDO (1580) which is rebroadcast on 107. 7 FM, and one FM station, CKGE. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that CKGE-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 949 FM in Oshawa, Ontario. Both stations are owned by Durham Radio, which also owns CJKX, licenced to the nearby community of Ajax. CJKX is a Canadian Radio station. Although its official City of license is Ajax Ontario, the station operates out of studios in Oshawa Ajax ( 2008 population 93104 is a town located in the Golden Horseshoe of south central Ontario, Canada. All three stations are operated from the same studios at the Oshawa Airport.

Oshawa also has a rebroadcast transmitter of Peterborough's CBC Television affiliate CHEX which airs a daily afternoon news and current affairs program specially targeted to Durham Region viewers. Peterborough is a City on the Otonabee River in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres CBC Television is a Canadian English language Television network. CHEX-TV-2, branded as Channel 12 Durham (for its cable position its broadcast channel is 22 is a CBC -affiliated Television station in Oshawa Although a larger city than Peterborough then and now, Oshawa was not granted a television station in the original 1950s assignments as it was geographically too close to Toronto, since the original spacings were set at 145 km (90 miles). Rogers Television, the local cable provider also serves the community with local television programming. Rogers TV, formerly known as Rogers Television are community channels owned by Rogers Communications Inc

Oshawa is served by a number of community newspapers, including "The Oshawa Express", an independent which publishes every Wednesday and "Oshawa This Week", published three times per week by Metroland. Metroland Media Group (formerly Metroland Printing Publishing & Distributing) is the publisher of daily and weekly community newspapers in Ontario as well as The long-standing daily newspaper, the Oshawa Times (also known at various times as the Oshawa Daily Times and Times-Gazette), was closed by its owner Thomson Newspapers, after a lengthy strike in 1994. This article is primarily about Thomson prior to its 2008 merger with Reuters

Sports

Hockey

Oshawa is home to the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League, the top level for players aged 15-20. The General Motors Centre (GMC is a 5500-seat multi-purpose Arena located in downtown Oshawa Ontario. The Oshawa Generals are a Junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. Famous alumni of this team include Bobby Orr, Alex Delvecchio, Wayne Cashman, Tony Tanti, Dave Andreychuk, and Eric Lindros. The Oshawa Generals are a Junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. Robert Gordon "Bobby" Orr OC (born March 20 1948 in Parry Sound, Ontario) is a retired Canadian Ice hockey defenseman Alexander Peter "Fats" Delvecchio, born December 4, 1931 in Fort William, Ontario, is a former Ice hockey player and member of the Wayne Cashman (born June 24, 1945 in Kingston Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player and a former NHL head coach Tony Tanti (born September 7, 1963 in Toronto, Ontario) is a retired professional Ice hockey player David John "Dave" Andreychuk (Born 29 September, 1963 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a former professional hockey left winger who played Eric Bryan Lindros (born 28 February 1973 in London, Ontario, Canada) is a retired professional Ice hockey player The team moved from the Oshawa Civic Auditorium into the new General Motors Centre in November 2006. The Oshawa Civic Auditorium is a 3625–seat (4025 standing multi-purpose Arena in Oshawa Ontario, Canada. The General Motors Centre (GMC is a 5500-seat multi-purpose Arena located in downtown Oshawa Ontario.

The Oshawa Generals have the dubious distinction of having their home arena destroyed by fire not once, but twice in the franchise history. In June 1928 the Bradley Arena was destroyed by fire. Then 25 years later, the Hambly Arena was also destroyed by fire. The Hambly Arena, originally known as the Oshawa Arena, opened in 1930 and was built in large part to the contributions of Colonel R

Baseball

Oshawa is also home to the Oshawa Dodgers of the Intercounty Baseball League (IBL), an amateur baseball league in Canada. The Oshawa Dodgers are an independent, Minor league baseball team of the Semi-pro, Intercounty Baseball League based in Oshawa Ontario The Intercounty Baseball League ( IBL) is an Amateur, semi-professional baseball organization located in the Canadian province of Ontario Their home park, Kinsmen Stadium is located just to the north of the former site of the Hambly Arena.

Lacrosse

Oshawa was for many years one of the main centres for the sport of lacrosse and home of the Oshawa Green Gaels, one of the most storied teams in the sport. Lacrosse is a full contact Team sport played using a solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or Lacrosse stick. History The Early Years Founded in 1963 the Green Gaels were a lacrosse team from day one in the OLA Junior A Lacrosse League. A player of note in the 1920s was Nels Stewart, who became a Hall of Famer in the National Hockey League. Nelson Robert "Old Poison" Stewart (b December 29, 1902 in Montreal, Quebec - August 21, 1957 was a Canadian The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America During the 1980s, when lacrosse seemed on the edge of oblivion in Canada, (the Green Gaels themselves having folded in the early part of the decade), lacrosse continued to be played in the neighbouring towns of Whitby and Brooklin, and many of the players were from Oshawa. With the rise of the National Lacrosse League the sport's survival seems assured and again, many players and others involved in the professional league are from the Oshawa area. The National Lacrosse League (NLL is the league of men's indoor lacrosse in North America. Former Oshawa Green Gaels captain and Oshawa native, Derek Keenan, is the current general manager of the Portland Lumberjax. Derek Keenan is a former lacrosse player and current head coach and General Manager of the Portland LumberJax of the National Lacrosse League. The Portland LumberJax (sometimes referred to as the Jax) is a professional lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League (NLL which started playing

Transportation

As noted above, GO Transit trains connect the city with downtown Toronto. GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the The Oshawa Station also serves VIA Rail in the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor, as well as GO Buses, and Durham Region Transit. Oshawa GO Station serves GO Transit commuter trains and buses and VIA Rail trains running from Toronto to Ottawa and Montréal VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail Durham Region Transit (DRT is the regional Public transit operator in Durham Region, east of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. DRT is a regional transit system, started on January 1, 2006, that replaced Oshawa Transit, and has roots in a street railway in the town dating from 1895. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Oshawa Transit Commission (OTC was the former Public transit operator in the City of Oshawa Ontario.

Intercity buses include Greyhound (limited service between Toronto, Port Hope, Cobourg and Belleville, as well as to Peterborough and Ottawa, and Can-Ar coaches daily to/from Lindsay and Toronto, along with GO use the downtown Oshawa Bus Terminal at Bond and Centre Streets (Greyhound will also drop off passengers at the Oshawa GO Station upon request). Port Hope is a Municipality in Ontario, Canada, about 109 km east of Toronto and about 159 km west of Kingston. Cobourg (2006 population 18210 is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located 110km east of Toronto. Belleville ( 2006 population 48821 metropolitan population 91518 is a city located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Peterborough is a City on the Otonabee River in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Lindsay ( 2001 population 16930 is a community on the Scugog River in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario, Canada,

Rail freight is carried on both the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways which traverse the city. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Other than Highway 2 (Ontario), which reverted to local jurisdiction (King Street and Bond Street) in 1998, the city had no provincially maintained highways until the original section of Highway 401 opened in 1947 (as Highway 2A). Highway 2 was the major east-west provincial highway in Southern Ontario, running from Windsor in the west to the Quebec boundary near Lancaster Highway 2A is a short controlled-access Freeway in Toronto, Ontario that extends from its junction with Kingston Road (formerly part of The highway originally terminated at Ritson Road, and was extended east through the remainder of the city to Newcastle in 1952. Oshawa was the only city that Highway 401 was built directly through, rather than bypassing. This resulted in the demolition of several streets and hundreds of homes in the 1930s and 1940s.

The Port of Oshawa is a major stop for the auto industry, and at present there is still a small airport (see above).

Demographics

Ethnic origin (multiple responses included)	Population	Percent
Canadian	117,010	39. Population of Canada: 31612895 (2006 Census Provinces and territories Metropolitan areas Cities 86%
English	97,125	33. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English 09%
Scottish	63,380	21. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. 59%
Irish	59,740	20. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate 35%
French	32,085	10. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( 93%
German	22,380	7. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general 62%
Dutch (Netherlands)	15,085	5. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. 14%
Italian	13,985	4. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging 76%
Polish	11,490	3. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. 91%
Ukrainian	11,035	3. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 76%

According to the 2006 census, population of Oshawa is 141,590, up from 139,051 (1. 8 %) in the 2001 census. In 2001, 49. 3% of the population was male and 50. 7% female. Children under five accounted for approximately 6. 5% of the resident population of Oshawa. This compares with 5. 8% in Ontario, and almost 5. 6% for Canada overall.

In mid-2001, 10. 4% of the resident population in Oshawa were of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13. 2% in Canada, therefore, the average age is 35. 8 years of age comparing to 37. 6 years of age for all of Canada.

In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Oshawa grew by 10. 2%, compared with an increase of 6. 1% for Ontario as a whole. Population density of Oshawa averaged 328. 0 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 12. 6, for Ontario altogether. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec

According to the 2006 census, the Oshawa Census Metropolitan Area, which includes neighbouring Whitby and Clarington, has a population of 330,594. Whitby (2006 population 111184 is a Town in Ontario, Canada. Whitby is located east of Toronto The Municipality of Clarington is a municipality in Ontario, Canada in the Regional Municipality of Durham

The information regarding ethnicities at the right is from the 2001 Canadian Census. The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e. g. "French-Canadian" generates an entry in both the category "French" and the category "Canadian". ) Groups with greater than 10,000 responses are included.

In 2001, 6. 1% of the residents were visible minorities, 37% of whom were Black Canadians. Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in [3]

Religious profile

• Protestant: 44. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 7%, Roman Catholic: 30. 8%, other Christian: 3. 3%
• Muslim: 0. 9%, Hindu: 0. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 4%

Oshawa is also home to the Canadian headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist church, who for many years maintained a college here, and currently run a high school and elementary school. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance

Communities of Oshawa

• Downtown Oshawa
• Grandview Heights
• Kedron
• Kingsway Village
• Lake Vista
• North Oshawa
• Thornton Woods

Neighbours

Because Oshawa was for many years a separate and distinct city from Toronto, it remains in certain ways an urban centre unto itself, adjoined by several suburbs in its Census Metropolitan Area, which is entirely contained within the Greater Toronto Area. Downtown Oshawa has over 150 stores and services and is located at the intersection of Simcoe and King Kedron, a relatively small area is a community on the northern urbanized limits of the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Kingsway Village is an old community centered on the intersection of Townline Road and King Street on the boundary between Oshawa, Ontario, Canada and Lake Vista is an old Oshawa, Ontario, Canada neighbourhood located in the south part of the city North Oshawa is a community located in the northern part of the city of Oshawa. Thornton Woods is an Oshawa neighbourhood that is centered on the intersection of Thornton and Adelaide South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. Unlike most Toronto bedroom communities, Oshawa experienced its fastest growth (which was locally self-sustained) well before Toronto spilled over the boundaries of the now-defunct Metropolitan Toronto in the 1970s and 1980s. The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to Its industrial base and colourful labour history also make it an unusual kind of suburb. However, Oshawa is today considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. Despite this, in the mid 1990s, Oshawa residents still voted in a non-binding referendum to overwhelmingly reject any incorporation into a possible Greater Toronto Area amalgamation that would include it. This, however, may have simply reflected an overall dissatisfaction among citizens in the GTA when Metropolitan Toronto was itself amalgamated by the then-governing Progressive Conservative Party of Premier Mike Harris. The Ontario PC Party, formally known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (in french Parti progressiste-conservateur de l'Ontario) is a Right-of-centre Michael Deane Harris (born January 23, 1945, in Toronto Ontario) was the twenty-second Premier of Ontario from June 26,

Notable people

• Philip Akin, actor
  

  Robert McLaughlin
• Arnie Brown, NHL player
• Lloyd Chadburn, Canadian WW II fighter pilot
• A. J. Cook, actress
• Dennis Edmonton, songwriter
• Jerry Edmonton, member of Steppenwolf
• Shalom Harlow, Canadian supermodel and actress
• Dale Hawerchuk, NHL player
• Sandy Hawley, horse jockey
• Greg Kean, actor
• John MacLean, NHL player
• Kevin McClelland, NHL player
• Robert McLaughlin founder of General Motors Canada
• John Part, World Darts Champion
• Wayne Petti, member of Cuff the Duke
• Jordan Todosey, child actor
• Shawn Thornton, NHL player
• Barbara Underhill, figure skater
• Lori Yates, country singer and songwriter
• Janice Tanton, noted contemporary Canadian artist, and cousin to jockey Sandy Hawley (above)

Cultural resources

• Canadian Automotive Museum
• Oshawa Military and Industrial Museum
• Canadian Aviation Expo
• Robert McLaughlin Art Gallery
• Oshawa Downtown Murals
• Oshawa Little Theatre
• Oshawa Civic Auditorium
• General Motors Centre
• Legends Centre (North Oshawa Recreation Centre)
• South Oshawa Community Centre
• Heritage Oshawa
• McLaughlin branch of the Oshawa Public Library
• Oshawa Community Museum & Archives [4]

See also

• Camp X
• Oshawa Car Assembly
• Oshawa Truck Assembly

References

External links

• City of Oshawa website
• Oshawa Chamber of Commerce
• Oshawa This Week online

• Oshawa, Ontario is at coordinates 43°53′N 78°52′W / 43.89, -78.86 (Oshawa, Ontario)Coordinates: 43°53′N 78°52′W / 43.89, -78.86 (Oshawa, Ontario)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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