| Oscar I | |
| King of Sweden and Norway | |
 Crown prince Oscar of Sweden, painted by Joseph Karl Stieler |
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| Reign | March 8, 1844 - July 8, 1859 |
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| Full name | Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte |
| Born | July 4, 1799 |
| Birthplace | Paris, France |
| Died | July 8, 1859 |
| Place of death | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Predecessor | Charles XIV John |
| Successor | Charles XV |
| Consort | Josephine of Leuchtenberg |
| Issue | Crown Prince Charles Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland Prince Oscar, Duke of Östergötland Princess Eugenie August, Duke of Dalarna |
| Royal House | Bernadotte |
| Father | Charles XIV John |
| Mother | Désirée Clary |
Oscar I, born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (July 4, 1799, Paris–July 8, 1859, Stockholm), was King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to his death. Joseph Karl Stieler ( November 1, 1781 — April 9, 1858) was a German painter. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth Joséphine of Leuchtenberg ( 14 March, 1807 - 7 June, 1876) was the Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden and Norway Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth Ancestry Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. Princess Eugenie of Sweden (Charlotta Eugenia Augusta Amalia Albertina b Prince Carl Nikolaus August Duke of Dalarna of the Royal House of Bernadotte ( August 24 1831 - March 4 1873) was the youngest of Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 Desideria Clary ( November 8, 1777 &ndash December 17, 1860) was the wife of King Charles XIV John of Sweden and Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a Members of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish royal families have been Norwegian monarchs. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year When, in August 1810, Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince of Sweden, Oscar and his mother moved from Paris to Stockholm (June 1811). Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the
Contents |
Upbringing
From Charles XIII of Sweden Oscar received the title of Duke of Södermanland. Charles XIII (Karl XIII ( 7 October, 1748 - 5 February, 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. He quickly acquired the Swedish language. Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the By the time he reached the age of majority he had become a general favourite. In historical writings when used in reference to a person favourite ( British English and the English of Commonwealth Countries or favorite ( American His very considerable native talents were developed by an excellent education, and he soon came to be regarded as an authority on all socio-political questions. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency In 1839 he wrote a series of articles on popular education, and (in 1841) an anonymous work, "Om Straff och straffanstalter", advocating prison reforms. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside Prisons aiming at a more effective Penal system. Twice during his father's lifetime he was viceroy of Norway. The Viceroy of Norway ( Visekonge in Norwegian) was the appointed head of the Norwegian Government in the absence of the King On June 19, 1823 he married the princess Josephine, daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, and granddaughter of the Empress Josephine. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Joséphine of Leuchtenberg ( 14 March, 1807 - 7 June, 1876) was the Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden and Norway Eugène Rose de Beauharnais Prince Français Prince of Venice, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg Leuchtenberg is a municipality in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany, essentially a suburb of nearby Weiden in der Oberpfalz An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie Josèphe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie June 23 1763 &ndash May 29 1814) was the first
Planned marriage
Oscar's father had selected four princesses as candidates for marriage, in order of his priority:[1]
- Vilhelmina of Denmark (born 18 January 1808), daughter of Frederick VI of Denmark and Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel (ultimately she married firstly Frederick VII of Denmark and secondly Charles of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg)
- Josephine of Leuchtenberg (born 14 March 1807), daughter of Eugene, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg and Augusta of Bavaria
- Marie of Hesse (born 6 September 1804), daughter of William II of Hesse and Augusta of Prussia (ultimately she married Bernard II of Saxe-Meiningen)
- Marie of Saxe-Weimar (born 3 February 1808), daughter of Charles Frederick I of Saxe-Weimar and Maria Pavlovna of Russia (ultimately she married Charles of Prussia)
Politics
In 1824 and 1833, the Crown Prince was briefly Viceroy of Norway. Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark and Norway (born January 18, 1808 in Kiel, Duchy of Schleswig;died May 30, 1891 in Frederick VI ( January 28, 1768 - December 3, 1839) reigned as King of Denmark from 1808 to 1839 and as king of Norway Marie Sophie Frederikke (Marie Sophie Friederike von Hessen-Kassel 28 October 1767 &ndash 22 March 1852) was Queen Consort of Family Frederick was born at Amalienborg Palace to Christian VIII of Denmark and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg ( 14 March, 1807 - 7 June, 1876) was the Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden and Norway Eugène Rose de Beauharnais Prince Français Prince of Venice, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg Princess Augusta of Bavaria Duchess of Leuchtenberg ( German: Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia von Bayern) (born Strassburg, 21 June 1788 William II Elector of Hesse ( German: Wilhelm II Kurfürst von Hessen) (born Hanau, 28 July 1777; died Frankfurt am Main Princess Augusta of Prussia (Auguste Christine Friederike Prinzessen von Preußen (born Potsdam, 1 May 1780; died Kassel, 19 February Bernhard II Erich Freund Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b Meiningen, 17 December 1800 - d Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar was born on February 3, 1808 in Weimar. Karl Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ( 2 February 1783 &ndash 8 July 1853) was a Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (Мария Павловна February 16, 1786 – June 23, 1859) was the third daughter of Paul Marriage and Issue He married Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar on May 26, 1827 in Charlottenburg. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This is a list of viceroys ( visekonge) governors ( rigsstatholder) first ministers ( førstestatsråd) and Prime ministers ( statsminister) of In 1838 the king began to suspect his heir of plotting with the Liberal party to bring about a change of ministry, or even his own abdication. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio, disowning renouncing from ab, away from and dicare, to declare to proclaim as not belonging to one If Oscar did not actively assist the Opposition on this occasion, his disapprobation of his father's despotic behaviour was notorious, though he avoided an actual rupture. Yet his liberalism was of the most cautious and moderate character, as the Opposition, shortly after his accession (March 8, 1844), discovered to their great chagrin. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He would not hear of any radical reform of the cumbrous and obsolete Constitution of 1809. The Swedish Constitution consists of four fundamental laws ( Swedish: grundlagar, singular grundlag) But one of his earliest measures was to establish freedom of the press. Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press He also passed the first law towards gender equality in Sweden when he in 1845 declared that brothers and sisters should have equal inheritance, unless there was a will. Gender equality (also known as gender equity, gender egalitarianism, or sexual equality) is the goal of the Equality of the Genders Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
He formally established equality between his two kingdoms by introducing new flags with the common Union badge of Norway and Sweden and a new coat of arms for the union. Norway and Sweden were in a personal union from 1814 to 1905 According to the constitution of November 1814, Norway was to have its own merchant flag Most of the legislation during Oscar I's reign aimed at improving the economic position of Sweden, and the Riksdag of the Estates, in its address to him in 1857, declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the
In foreign affairs Oscar I was a friend of the principle of nationality. Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth Ancestry Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. Princess Eugenie of Sweden (Charlotta Eugenia Augusta Amalia Albertina b Prince Carl Nikolaus August Duke of Dalarna of the Royal House of Bernadotte ( August 24 1831 - March 4 1873) was the youngest of Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth Queen Louise of Denmark ( October 31, 1851 &mdash March 20, 1926) was a princess of Sweden and the Queen consort of Frederik Prince Carl Oscar of Sweden, ( December 14, 1852 &mdash March 13, 1854) was a prince of Sweden and Norway. Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. Oscar Carl August Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg ( 15 November 1859 &ndash 4 October 1953) was the second son of King Ancestry History On August 27, 1897, he married Princess Ingeborg of Denmark. For the present-day Princess Margaretha please refer to Princess Margaretha Mrs Crown Princess of Norway Märtha was the daughter of HRH Prince Carl of Sweden and HRH Princess Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden Early life Princess Astrid of Sweden was born in Stockholm on November 17 1905 Carl Gustaf Oscar Fredrik Christian Bernadotte ( 10 January 1911 – 23 July 2003) formerly known as Prince Carl Duke of Östergötland Prince Vilhelm of Sweden and Norway, ( Carl Vilhelm Ludvig) ( June 17, 1884 - June 5, 1965) Duke of Södermanland Ancestry Titles from birth His Royal Highness Prince Carl Johan of Sweden Duke of Dalarna ( 31 October 1916 - 19 February 1946 Princess Ingrid Victoria Sofia Louise Margareta of Sweden, ( 28 March 1910 – 7 November 2000) was the Queen consort of King Ancestry See also Swedish Royal Family Line of succession to the Swedish throne Titles from birth His Royal Highness Prince Carl Johan of Sweden Duke of Dalarna ( 31 October 1916 - 19 February 1946 Princess Margaretha Mrs Ambler (Margaretha Désirée Victoria (born 31 October 1934) was born at Haga Palace outside Stockholm. Ancestry See also Swedish Royal Family Princess Désirée Baroness Silfverschiöld (Désirée Elisabeth Sibylla (born 2 June 1938) was born at Haga Palace outside Stockholm. Princess Christina Mrs Magnuson (Christina Louise Helena (b 3 August 1943) is the sister of Carl XVI Gustaf, the current King of Sweden Education From 1985-89 the Princess began her education at Västerled Parish Pre-School The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation In 1848 he supported Denmark against the Kingdom of Prussia in the First War of Schleswig; placed Swedish and Norwegian troops in cantonments in Funen and North Schleswig (1849-1850); and mediated the Truce of Malmö (August 26, 1848). The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The First Schleswig War (Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg or Three Years' War (Treårskrigen was the first round of military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap He was also one of the guarantors of the integrity of Denmark (the London protocol, May 8, 1852). Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
As early as 1850 Oscar I had conceived the plan of a dynastic union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, but such difficulties presented themselves that the scheme had to be abandoned. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well He succeeded, however, in reversing his father's obsequious policy towards Imperial Russia. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the Varanger Fjord induced him to remain neutral during the Crimean War, and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Second French Empire (November 25, 1855) for preserving the territorial integrity of Scandinavia. The Varangerfjord ( Varanginvuono' in Finnish) in the county of Finnmark, is the easternmost Fjord in Norway. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year
Children
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King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway |
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Oscar I left five legitimate children - four sons and one daughter. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Majesty is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin Maiestas, meaning Greatness. Two of his sons, Carl and Oscar, succeeded him to the throne.
- King Charles XV (Charles IV in Norway) (1826-1872)
- Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland (1827-1852)
- King Oscar II (1829-1907)
- Princess Eugenie (1830-1889)
- Prince August, Duke of Dalarna (1831-1873)
Oscar also had two children with his mistress, the actress Emilie Högquist:
- Hjalmar Högquist, born June 18, 1839 in Hamburg. Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Ancestry Uppland ( is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Early life At his birth in Stockholm Oscar Frederik was created Duke of Östergötland. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Princess Eugenie of Sweden (Charlotta Eugenia Augusta Amalia Albertina b For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Prince Carl Nikolaus August Duke of Dalarna of the Royal House of Bernadotte ( August 24 1831 - March 4 1873) was the youngest of Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Emilie Högquist (1812-1846 was a Swedish actress and the mistress of Oscar I of Sweden Hjalmar Högquist, born 18 june 1839 in Hamburg, died 1874 in London, illegitimate son of king Oscar I of Sweden and actress Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany
- Max Högquist, born August 12, 1840 in Stockholm. Max Högquist, merchant born 12 August 1840 in Stockholm, died 1872 in China, illegitimate son of king Oscar I of Sweden Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the
They were often more or less parodically referred to as The Princes of Lappland.
With another mistress, Jaquette Löwenhielm (née Gyldenstolpe), Oscar had a daughter
- Oscaria, born 1819. Gustava Charlotta Jacquette Aurora Gyldenstolpe ( 4 July 1797 &ndash 7 January 1839, Constantinople) was the mistress of
Trivia
Oscar's mother was Désirée Clary, Napoleon Bonaparte's first fiancée. Desideria Clary ( November 8, 1777 &ndash December 17, 1860) was the wife of King Charles XIV John of Sweden and Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Her sister, Julie Clary, was married to Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Marie Julie Bonaparte ( Née Clary) Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily, Queen Consort of Spain and the Indies Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte King of Naples and Sicily, King of Spain (during a time) and the Indies (never de facto and never de iure Désirée chose Napoleon to be Oscar's godfather.
Ancestry
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8. Jean Bernadotte |
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4. Jean Henri Bernadotte |
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9. Marie du Pucheu |
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2. Charles XIV John of Sweden |
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10. Charles XIV John ( Karl XIV Johan) born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later renamed Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (26 January 1763 &ndash 8 March 1844 Jean de Saint Vincent |
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5. Jeanne de Saint Vincent |
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11. Marie d'Abbadie de Sireix |
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1. Oscar I of Sweden |
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12. Joseph Clary |
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6. François Clary |
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13. Françoise Agnes Ammoric |
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3. Désirée Clary |
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14. Desideria Clary ( November 8, 1777 &ndash December 17, 1860) was the wife of King Charles XIV John of Sweden and Joseph Ignace Somis |
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7. Françoise Rose Somis |
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15. Catherine Rose Soucheiron |
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References
- ^ Hjalmar Lagerqvist, Sveriges drottningar
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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Oscar I
Born: July 4, 1799 Died: July 8, 1859 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Karl XIV/III Johan |
King of Sweden 1844-1859 |
Succeeded by Karl XV/IV |
| King of Norway 1844-1859 |
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| Titles of nobility | ||
| Preceded by Karl XIII/II |
Duke of Södermanland | Succeeded by Carl Oscar |
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