|
Osaka Station
大阪駅
|
 |
| Osaka Station JR Kyoto Line platform sign |
| Location |
| Prefecture |
Osaka
(See other stations in Osaka) |
| City |
Osaka |
| Ward |
Kita
|
| Neighborhood etc. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture located in the Kinki region on Honshū, the main island of is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū Kita (北区 Kita-ku) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. Landmarks Umeda See Umeda |
Umeda Sanchome |
| (in Japanese) |
大阪市北区梅田3丁目1番地1号 |
| History |
| Year opened |
1874 |
| Rail services |
| Operator(s) |
West Japan Railway Company |
| Line(s) |
Via Tōkaidō Main Line
JR Kobe Line
JR Kyoto Line
JR Takarazuka Line
Via Osaka Loop Line
Osaka Loop Line
Yamatoji Line
JR Yumesaki Line
Hankyu Railway (Umeda Station)
Kobe Line, Takarazuka Line, Kyoto Line
Hanshin Electric Railway (Umeda Station)
Main Line
Osaka Municipal Subway
Midosuji Line (Umeda Station), Tanimachi Line (Higashi-Umeda Station), Yotsubashi Line (Nishi-Umeda Station) |
There is a large bus terminal at this station. ( also referred to as, is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group companies and operates in western Honshū. The is the busiest trunk line of Japan Railway (JR connecting Tokyo Station and Kobe Station. The is the nickname of portions of the Tōkaidō Main Line and the Sanyō Main Line, between Osaka Station in Osaka Osaka Prefecture and Himeji Station Trains Special Rapid Service (新快速 Continuing service from the Biwako Line and the Kosei Line. The is a railway line of West Japan Railway (JR West between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. The is a railway line in Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West The is the common name of the western portion of the Kansai Main Line. is a railway line of the West Japan Railway Company (JR West running from Nishikujo Station to Sakurajima Station, and the line is also called. Hankyu Railway (阪急電鉄 Hankyū Dentetsu) is a Japanese Private railway that provides commuter and interurban service to the northern Kansai region The of Hankyu Railway is one of the three major commuter heavy rail line in the Keihanshin conurbation of Japan Rapid service; (L All day every day; (SE From Takarazuka to Umeda in the morning on weekdays Definition The Kyoto Main Line is often called for short and in a broader sense two branch lines Senri Line and Arashiyama Line, are included to Kyoto Line is a Japanese private railway company of Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group that links Osaka and Kobe. Outline The Main Line of Hanshin is the southernmost railway of the three to connect Osaka and Kobe with more stations through the earliest inhabited area is the metro network in the city of Osaka, Japan, an integral part of the extensive mass transit system of Greater Osaka ( Kansai region History The Midōsuji Line was the first subway line in Osaka and the first government-operated subway line in Japan History March 24, 1967 - Higashi-Umeda - Tanimachi Yonchōme (opening December 17, 1968 - Tanimachi Yōnchōme History May 10, 1942 - Daikokuchō - Hanazonochō (opening Construction stopped during World War II. |
Ōsaka Station (大阪駅 Ōsaka eki) is a station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) located in the Umeda district in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. ( also referred to as, is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group companies and operates in western Honshū. Umeda (梅田 is a commercial and business district in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, best known as the city's main northern railway terminus ( Osaka Station Kita (北区 Kita-ku) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. Landmarks Umeda See Umeda is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. It is the city's main rail terminal in the north.
Although it is officially served by only the JR Kobe/Kyoto Lines (Tōkaidō Main Line) and the Osaka Loop Line, Osaka is the starting point of JR Takarazuka Line service, and serves as the terminal for trains bound for the San'in region via JR Takarazuka Line and the Hokuriku region via JR Kyoto Line, while offering connections to trains bound for Nara, Wakayama and Kansai International Airport via the Osaka Loop Line. The is a railway line in Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West The is a railway line of West Japan Railway (JR West between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. For other use go to Sanin (novel The is an area in the southeast of Honshū, the main island of Japan. The is a railway line of West Japan Railway (JR West between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. is the (subregion along the Sea of Japan within the Chūbu region, the central region of Honshū, the main island is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.
Umeda Station (Hankyu, Hanshin, and Osaka Municipal Subway Midosuji Line), Nishi-Umeda Station (Subway Yotsubashi Line) and Higashi-Umeda Station (Subway Tanimachi Line) are directly connected to Osaka Station, and Kitashinchi Station on the JR Tozai Line is within walking distance. Umeda Station (梅田駅 Umeda-eki) is a railway station located in Kita-ku in the northern commercial center of Osaka, Japan Hankyu Railway (阪急電鉄 Hankyū Dentetsu) is a Japanese Private railway that provides commuter and interurban service to the northern Kansai region is a Japanese private railway company of Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group that links Osaka and Kobe. is the metro network in the city of Osaka, Japan, an integral part of the extensive mass transit system of Greater Osaka ( Kansai region History The Midōsuji Line was the first subway line in Osaka and the first government-operated subway line in Japan is a Train station on the Osaka Municipal Subway Yotsubashi Line in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka History May 10, 1942 - Daikokuchō - Hanazonochō (opening Construction stopped during World War II. is a Train station on the Osaka Municipal Subway Tanimachi Line in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. History March 24, 1967 - Higashi-Umeda - Tanimachi Yonchōme (opening December 17, 1968 - Tanimachi Yōnchōme is a railway station on the West Japan Railway (JR West JR Tōzai Line in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. The is one of several Metro / Commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company.
Osaka Station also houses a large freight terminal complex and a terminal for overnight bus services to other cities in Japan.
History
1874 Building
1901 Building
Osaka Station opened on May 11, 1874 as one of first railway stations in the Kansai region when the railway between Osaka and Kobe started operation. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The or the lies in the southern-central region of Japan 's main island Honshū. is a station located in Chūō-ku, Kobe, Japan. Although Kobe Station is the namesake of its city and the closest station to Kobe City Hall the commercial center It was electrified along with the Tōkaidō Main Line in 1934. The is the busiest trunk line of Japan Railway (JR connecting Tokyo Station and Kobe Station. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The existence of the station naturally made the area the primary transportation hub of the city. Railways that set Osaka Station as the terminal or built their terminal around Osaka Station include Osaka Railway (present-day east half of the Osaka Loop Line) in 1895, Nishinari Railway (west half of the Osaka Loop Line) in 1898, Hanshin Electric Railway in 1906, Minoo Arima Electric Tramway (Hankyu Railway) in 1910, and Osaka Municipal Subway in 1933. The is a railway line in Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hankyu Railway (阪急電鉄 Hankyū Dentetsu) is a Japanese Private railway that provides commuter and interurban service to the northern Kansai region Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting is the metro network in the city of Osaka, Japan, an integral part of the extensive mass transit system of Greater Osaka ( Kansai region Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The regional railways tended to name their stations Umeda, the name of area, rather than the city name. Umeda Station (梅田駅 Umeda-eki) is a railway station located in Kita-ku in the northern commercial center of Osaka, Japan
The air raids in World War II flattened the blocks in front of the station. The US bombing of Osaka during World War II took place on 13th and 14th March 1945 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Immediately after the war the area turned into a huge black market, the atmosphere of which remained until the redevelopment in 1970s. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.
The station building was rebuilt in 1901, 1940 and 1979 (north building). Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) In 1983, a high-rise building, Acty Osaka, which housed a department store and a hotel, was added to the south of the station. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or Currently (as of 2007) the new building is under construction to replace the north building.
Layout
- There are five island platforms and 10 tracks on the second floor. An island platform (also known as center platform or centre platform) on a Railway is where a single platform lies between two tracks
| 1 |
Osaka Loop Line (inner track) |
for Nishikujo, Bentencho, Shin-Imamiya and Tennoji |
| Through trains to the JR Yumesaki Line |
for Universal City and Sakurajima |
| Through trains to the Yamatoji Line (Yamatoji Rapid, Regional Rapid) |
for Nara, Kamo, Sakurai and Takada |
| Through trains to the Hanwa Line (Kishuji Rapid) |
for Otori, Hineno and Wakayama |
| Through trains to the Kansai Airport Line (Kansai Airport Rapid) |
for Rinku Town and Kansai Airport |
| 2 |
Osaka Loop Line (outer track) |
for Kyobashi, Tsuruhashi and Tennoji |
| 3 • 4 |
JR Takarazuka Line (Fukuchiyama Line) |
for Takarazuka, Shin-Sanda, Sasayamaguchi and Fukuchiyama (passing through Tsukamoto) |
| JR Kobe Line (Special Rapid, Rapid during weekday rush hour) |
for Sannomiya, Nishi-Akashi, Himeji and Banshu-Ako |
| Limited Express "Kitakinki" |
for Toyooka and Kinosaki Onsen |
| Limited Express "Tango Explorer", "Monju" |
for Miyazu, Amanohashidate and Kumihama |
| Limited Express "Super Hakuto" |
for Tottori and Kurayoshi |
| Limitede Express "Hamakaze" |
for Kasumi, Hamasaka and Tottori |
| Overnight Limited Express "Hayabusa", "Fuji" |
for Kumamoto and Oita |
| 5 • 6 |
JR Kobe Line |
for Sannomiya, Nishi-Akashi, Himeji and Banshu-Ako |
| JR Takarazuka Line (Fukuchiyama Line) |
for Takarazuka and Shin-Sanda (Off-peak local) |
| 7 • 8 |
JR Kyoto Line |
for Shin-Osaka, Takatsuki, Kyoto, Maibara, Ogaki and Nagahama |
| Through trains to the Kosei Line |
for Katata, Omi-Imazu, Nagahara and Tsuruga |
| Through trains to the Kusatsu Line |
for Kibukawa and Tsuge |
| 9 • 10 |
JR Kyoto Line (Special Rapid and Rapid during weekday rush hour) |
for Shin-Osaka, Takatsuki and Kyoto |
| "Biwako Express" |
for Shin-Osaka, Kyoto and Maibara |
| Overnight Limited Express "Twilight Express" |
for Sapporo |
Extra Overnight Limited Express "Nihonkai"
Extra Overnight Express "Aomori" |
for Aomori |
| Limited Express "Thunderbird", "Raicho" |
for Kanazawa, Toyama and Wakura Onsen |
| Express "Kitaguni" |
for Niigata |
| Limited Express "Hida" |
for Gifu and Takayama |
| Limited Express "Shinano" |
for Nagoya and Nagano |
Surroundings
- Acty Osaka (Daimaru Umeda, Hotel Granvia Osaka)
- Hankyu Department Stores, Inc. The is a railway line in Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West is a name of two stations in Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan -- one is on the Osaka Loop Line and the Sakurajima Line (JR Yumesaki Line owned by Bentenchō Station (弁天町駅 Bentenchō-eki) is a Train station in Minato-ku(Minato Ward, Osaka, Japan. Shin-Imamiya Station (新今宮駅 -eki) is a train station operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West and Nankai Electric Railway, and is a Train station on the JR West Osaka Loop Line, Hanwa Line, Yamatoji Line, Osaka Municipal Subway Midōsuji Line is a railway line of the West Japan Railway Company (JR West running from Nishikujo Station to Sakurajima Station, and the line is also called. is a station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Sakurajima Line (JR Yumesaki Line in Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan. The is the common name of the western portion of the Kansai Main Line. is a railway station located in Nara, Japan. Operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West it is the main stop in the city of Nara on the Kansai is a Train station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Kansai Main Line in Kizugawa, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. is a Train station in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Lines Kintetsu Corporation Osaka is a Train station in Yamatotakada, Nara Prefecture, Japan. There is also a transfer to Yamato-Takada Station on Kintetsu Osaka The is one of Commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company. is a JR West railway station located in Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The Kansai Airport Line (関西空港線 is a railway line between Hineno Station and Kansai Airport Station, Japan operated by the West Japan Railway Company is a train station shared by West Japan Railway Company (JR West and Nankai Electric Railway Co The is a railway line in Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West Kyobashi Station (京橋駅 is a train station in the Kyōbashi district of Jōtō-ku and Miyakojima-ku Osaka, Japan. There are three Train stations named in the Tsuruhashi district of Ikuno-ku, Osaka, Japan; the Osaka Loop Line, the Kintetsu Osaka Line The is a railway line of West Japan Railway (JR West between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. Takarazuka Station (宝塚駅 is a Railway station in Takarazuka, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company. is a Train station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line in Sanda, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan is a Train station on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Fukuchiyama Line in Sasayama, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. is a Train station in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West The is the nickname of portions of the Tōkaidō Main Line and the Sanyō Main Line, between Osaka Station in Osaka Osaka Prefecture and Himeji Station is a Train station in Toyooka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West is a station on the Sanin Main Line in western Japan, serving the Onsen (hot spring town of Kinosaki in the city of Toyooka, is an endearment of the Kitakinki Tango Railway KTR001 series is a Train station in Miyazu, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Lines Kitakinki Tango Railway * is a Train station in Miyazu, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Lines Kitakinki Tango Railway * is a Train station in Kyōtango, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Lines Kitakinki Tango Railway Tottori Station (鳥取駅 is a JR West railway station located in Tottori, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. is a station in Kami, Mikata District, Hyōgo, Japan Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West is a station in Shinonsen, Mikata District, Hyōgo, Japan Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West Tottori Station (鳥取駅 is a JR West railway station located in Tottori, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The is a Limited express sleeper train service operated by JR Kyūshū that runs from Tokyo to Kumamoto, passing through Nagoya, Hiroshima Fuji (富士 is a Sleeper train operating between Tokyo and Ōita, Japan. is the central railway station of the city of Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Ōita Station (大分駅 is a JR Kyushu railway station located in Ōita, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. The is the nickname of portions of the Tōkaidō Main Line and the Sanyō Main Line, between Osaka Station in Osaka Osaka Prefecture and Himeji Station is a train station located in Nunobiki-chō Chūō Ward, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, and is operated by the West Japan Railway Company. is a Sanyō Shinkansen and Sanyō Main Line Train station serving the city of Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Himeji Station ( 姫路駅, Himeji Eki) on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West is located in the heart of Himeji, Japan. is a Train station on the Akō Line of JR West, located in Ako, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The is a railway line of West Japan Railway (JR West between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. Trains Special Rapid Service (新快速 Continuing service from the Biwako Line and the Kosei Line. is a train station in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is the western terminus of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and the eastern terminus of the Sanyō Shinkansen is a railway station located in Takatsuki, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. is the most important transportation hub in Kyoto, Japan. It has Japan's second-largest Train station building (after Nagoya Station) and is one of is a Train station in Maibara, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It is the southern terminus of the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Hokuriku is a train station on the Hokuriku Main Line of West Japan Railway Company located in Nagahama Shiga, Japan. The is one of Commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company. is a Train station in Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West Kosei is a railway station on the Kosei Line of West Japan Railway Company located in Takashima, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. is a Train station in Nishiazai, Ika District, Shiga, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company (JR West is a JR West railway station in Tsuruga Fukui, Japan. It is located on the Hokuriku Main Line, Obama Line. The is a railway line in western Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West is a Train station in Koka, Shiga, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company Kusatsu Line is a Train station in Iga, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Lines West Japan Railway Company Kusatsu Trains Special Rapid Service (新快速 Continuing service from the Biwako Line and the Kosei Line. The is the longest overnight train service operating in Japan. is a Train station located in Kita-ku and Chūō-ku, Sapporo Hokkaidō, Japan. is an overnight train that is operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East Raichō (雷鳥 is a Limited express train that runs between Osaka and Kanazawa, Japan, using portions of the Tōkaidō Main Line Kanazawa Station (金沢駅 Kanazawa-eki) is a JR West railway station located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. is a JR West railway station located in the city of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. is a railway station located in Nanao, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The is an overnight train service that operates in Japan Operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West it runs between Niigata Prefecture and Osaka is a Train station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East in Chūō-ku Niigata, Japan. is a Limited express (partially stopping train service operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central along the Takayama Main Line in central Japan is a train station operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central and is located in the heart of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. is a train station in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. is a railway station in the city of Nagano in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. is a company that operates a chain of department stores, principally in the Kansai region of Japan.
- Hanshin Department Store
- Diamor Osaka
- Whity Umeda
- HEP FIVE
- HEP NAVIO
- Hankyu Men's
- TOHO Cinemas Umeda
- Yodobashi Umeda (Yodobashi Camera Multimedia Umeda, etc. is a Japanese Department store chain owned by, a subsidiary of H2O Retailing Corporation Yodobashi Camera CoLtd (ヨドバシカメラ is a Chain store mainly selling electronic products )
- Osaka Marubiru
- Umeda DT Tower
- Osaka Ekimae Buildings
- the Hilton Plaza East
- the Hilton Plaza West
- Osaka Garden City
- Shin Umeda City
- Osaka Central Post Office
Adjacent stations
Osaka Station South Gate
| « |
Service |
» |
| West Japan Railway Company (JR West) |
| Tōkaidō Line (JR Kyoto Line, JR Kobe Line) |
| Shin-Osaka |
|
Special Rapid Service |
|
Amagasaki |
| Shin-Osaka |
|
Rapid Service |
|
Amagasaki |
| Shin-Osaka |
|
Local trains |
|
Tsukamoto |
| Through trains to and from the Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line) |
| Terminus |
|
Tambaji Rapid Service
Rapid Service |
|
Amagasaki |
| Terminus |
|
Local trains |
|
Amagasaki |
| Shin-Osaka |
|
Local trains
Through trains to and from the JR Kyoto Line and the JR Takarazuka Line |
|
Tsukamoto |
| Osaka Loop Line |
| Terminus |
|
Yamatoji Liner (starting station) |
|
Shin-Imamiya |
| Temma |
|
Kansai Airport Rapid Service |
|
Nishikujo |
| Temma |
|
Kishuji Rapid Service |
|
Nishikujo |
| Temma |
|
Rapid Service |
|
Nishikujo |
| Temma |
|
Yamatoji Rapid Service |
|
Nishikujo |
| Temma |
|
Direct Rapid Service |
|
Fukushima |
| Temma |
|
Regional Rapid Service |
|
Fukushima |
| Temma |
|
Local trains |
|
Fukushima |
Coordinates: 34°42′6.94″N 135°29′41.93″E / 34.7019278, 135.4949806
Hilton Hotels Corporation, a subsidiary of the Blackstone Group, is a global hospitality company This article is about the hotel brand Ritz-Carlton Hotels for other uses please see Ritz (disambiguation Ritz-Carlton is a brand of luxury hotel is one of Japan 's most well-known and largest theatre companies. The is the seventh-tallest building in Osaka City, Japan, and one of the city's most recognizable landmarks is a train station in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is the western terminus of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and the eastern terminus of the Sanyō Shinkansen is a Train station on the Tōkaidō Main Line ( JR Kōbe Line) Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line and JR Tōzai Line of JR West is a Train station on the Tōkaidō Line ( JR Kobe Line, JR Takarazuka Line) in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Shin-Imamiya Station (新今宮駅 -eki) is a train station operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West and Nankai Electric Railway, and is a Train station on the Osaka Loop Line located on the Tenjimbashisuji Shopping Arcade in Osaka, Japan. is a name of two stations in Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan -- one is on the Osaka Loop Line and the Sakurajima Line (JR Yumesaki Line owned by is a railway station in Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan, on the West Japan Railway Company (JR West Osaka Loop Line and the Hanshin A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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