Orthoptics (from the Greek words ortho meaning "straight", and optikas meaning "vision" [1]) is the discipline dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of defective eye coordination, binocular vision, and functional amblyopia by non-pharmaceutical and non-surgical methods, e. Binocular vision is vision in which both Eyes are used together Amblyopia, otherwise known as lazy eye, is a disorder of the Visual system that is characterized by poor or indistinct vision in an eye that g. , glasses, prisms, exercises. ^[1] The goal of orthoptics is to improve comfort and efficiency of binocular function.

Contents 1 History 2 Orthoptists 3 Applications 4 Notes 5 See also 6 External links

History

Orthoptists and ophthalmologists introduced a wide variety of techniques for the improvement of binocular function in the first half of the twentieth century. The first pioneer was Mary Maddox, the daughter of an English ophthalmologist. ^[2]

Orthoptists

Orthoptics is usually studied as a primary degree or as a 2 to 4 years post graduate training course, including both theoretical and practical training. Orthoptists usually work in close cooperation with ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and sometimes neurologists. Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of Medicine that deals with the medical care of Infants Children and Adolescents

The practice of orthoptics has evolved beyond the realm of orthoptic exercises. Orthoptists employed around the world now spend the majority of their day assessing, diagnosing and managing patients with eye muscle disorders. Traditional orthoptic exercise programs are still employed when appropriate. Orthoptists work closely with ophthalmologists to ensure that patients with eye muscle disorders are exposed to a full range of treatment options. These additional options include optical, medical and surgical treatment.

Applications

• Near point of convergence exercises (i. e. "pencil push-ups")
• Convergence training - Base-out prism reading, stereogram cards, computerized training programs are used to improve fusional convergence. ^[3]

Notes

See also

• Eye care professional
• Convergence insufficiency
• Diplopia
• Pediatric ophthalmology
• Strabismus

External links

• American Association of Certified Orthoptists / American Orthoptic Council
• American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
• British and Irish Orthoptic Society
• The Canadian Orthoptic Society
• Commité des Orthoptistes de la Communauté Européenne (OCE)
• International Orthoptic Association
• Irish Association of Orthoptists
• Orthoptic Association of Australia

An eye care professional is an individual who provides a service related to the Eyes or vision. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the Binocular vision system characterized by an inability of the Eyes to approach each other Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous Perception of two images of a single object Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of Ophthalmology concerned with Eye diseases and vision care in children Strabismus (from Greek: στραβισμός strabismos, from στραβίζειν strabizein "to squint" from στραβός strabos

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic