| Orthoptera Fossil range: Carboniferous - Recent |
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Suborder Ensifera
Suborder Caelifera
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The Orthoptera (from the Greek orthos = "straight" and pteron = "wing") are an order of insects with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshoppers, crickets and locusts. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Patanga japonica is a Japanese Grasshopper. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Pterygota is a subclass of Insects that includes the winged insects Neoptera is a classification group that includes almost all the winged Insects specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens The Exopterygota, also known as Hemipterodea, are a Superorder of Insects of the Subclass Pterygota in the Infraclass Pierre André Latreille ( November 20, 1762 - February 6, 1833) was a French entomologist. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera, comprising Insects commonly known as crickets katydids and bush crickets. The Orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae includes the cave wetas, cave crickets, camel crickets and sand treaders, of the The family Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as bush-crickets, contains more than 6400 Grasshoppers are Insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. Tetrigidae is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets Grasshoppers and Katydids Species within Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called incomplete metamorphosis, is a term used to describe the mode of development of certain insects that includes Grasshoppers are Insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. Crickets, family Gryllidae (also known as "true crickets" are Insects somewhat related to Grasshoppers and more closely related to katydids Locust is the Swarming phase of short-horned Grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. Many insects in this order produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies Stridulation is the act of producing Sound by rubbing together certain body parts The tympanum or ear is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids. The ear is the sense organ that detects Sounds The Vertebrate ear shows a common biology from Fish to Humans with variations These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals.
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Characteristics
Orthopterans have two pairs of wings; the forewings or tegmina are narrower than the hind wings and hardened at the base. Insect wings are outgrowths of the Insect Exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. They are held overlapping the abdomen at rest. The hind wing is membranous and held folded fan-like under the forewings when at rest. They have mandibulate mouthparts, large compound eyes, antennae length varies with species. The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone" or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower Jaw and holds the lower teeth in place Antennae (singular antenna) are paired Appendages connected to the front-most segments of Arthropods In Crustaceans they are Their saltatorial hind legs are elongated for jumping.
Life cycle
Orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or gradual metamorphosis. Most grasshoppers lay their eggs in the ground or on vegetation. In most Birds and Reptiles an egg ( Latin ovum) is the Zygote, resulting from Fertilization of the Ovum. The eggs hatch and the young nymphs resemble adults but lack wings and at this stage are often called hoppers. In Biology, a nymph is the immature form of some Insects which undergoes incomplete metamorphosis ( Hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult Grasshoppers are able to fold their wings, placing them in the group Neoptera. Through successive moults the nymphs develop wings until their final moult into a mature adult with fully developed wings. Ecdysis is the Molting of the Cuticula in Arthropods and related groups ( Ecdysozoa)
The number of moults varies between species; growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions.
Orthoptera as food
The Orthoptera are the only insects considered kosher in Judaism. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Although the Bible may be read as stating that all Orthoptera are kosher except those, such as the mole cricket, that do not jump, halakhic. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The mole crickets compose family Gryllotalpidae, of thick-bodied Insects about 3-5 cm (1-2 inches long with large beady eyes and shovel-like Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law
Classification
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- Superfamily Hagloidea
- Haglidae†
- Hagloedischiidae†
- Prophalangopsidae
- Tuphellidae†
- Superfamily Phasmomimoidea†
- Phasmomimidae†
- Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea
- Rhaphidophoridae - camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
- Superfamily Schizodactyloidea
- Schizodactylidae - dune crickets
- Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea
- Anostostomatidae - wetas, king crickets
- Cooloolidae
- Gryllacrididae - leaf-rolling crickets
- Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets
- Superfamily Tettigonioidea
- Haglotettigoniidae†
- Tettigoniidae - katydids / bush crickets
- Superfamily Hagloidea
- Suborder Caelifera - grasshoppers, locusts
- Infraorder Acrididea
- Superfamily Acridoidea
- Acrididae - grasshoppers, locusts
- Charilaidae
- Dericorythidae
- Lathiceridae
- Lentulidae
- Lithidiidae
- Ommexechidae
- Pamphagidae - toad grasshoppers
- Pyrgacrididae
- Romaleidae
- Tristiridae
- Superfamily Eumastacoidea
- Chorotypidae
- Episactidae
- Eumastacidae
- Euschmidtiidae
- Mastacideidae
- Morabidae
- Promastacidae†
- Proscopiidae
- Thericleidae
- Superfamily Locustopsoidea†
- Araripelocustidae†
- Bouretidae†
- Eolocustopsidae†
- Locustavidae†
- Locustopsidae†
- Superfamily Pneumoroidea
- Pneumoridae - bladder grasshoppers
- Superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea
- Pyrgomorphidae - gaudy grasshoppers
- Superfamily Tanaoceroidea
- Tanaoceridae
- Superfamily Tetrigoidea
- Tetrigidae - grouse locusts
- Superfamily Trigonopterygoidea
- Trigonopterygidae
- Xyronotidae
- Superfamily Acridoidea
- Infraorder Tridactylidea
- Superfamily Dzhajloutshelloidea†
- Dzhajloutshellidae†
- Superfamily Regiatoidea†
- Regiatidae†
- Superfamily Tridactyloidea
- Cylindrachetidae
- Rhipipterygidae
- Tridactylidae - pygmy mole crickets
- Superfamily Dzhajloutshelloidea†
- Infraorder Acrididea
See also
External links
- Orthoptera Species File Online
- Orthoptera Image Gallery (Iowa State University Entomology Department)
- Australian Plague Locust Commission
- The Orthopterists' Society
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