Orthogastropoda - Citizendia

Orthogastropoda

Geography cone, Conus geographus

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Orthogastropoda

Taxonomy

See Text

Orthogastropoda is one of two major taxonomic groupings of snails and slugs, an extremely large subclass within the huge class Gastropoda. Conus geographus the geography cone is a species of Cone snail particularly known for its venom Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 The class Gastropoda or the gastropods, also previously known as gasteropods, or univalves, and more commonly known as Snails Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification The word comes from the Greek, taxis (meaning 'order' 'arrangement' and, nomos The class Gastropoda or the gastropods, also previously known as gasteropods, or univalves, and more commonly known as Snails (The class Gastropoda is every kind of snail and slug, from saltwater, from freshwater and from the land. The word snail is a Common name that can be used for almost all members of the Molluscan class Gastropoda which have coiled shells in the Slug is a common non-scientific word which is often applied to any Gastropod mollusk whatsoever that has a very reduced shell a small internal shell The Gastropoda in turn are a group within the phylum Mollusca, which is all of the molluscs. Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 )

In their work, The Southern Synthesis, which has become a standard reference in the field, Ponder and Lindberg (1997) showed that the Orthogastropoda is one of two subclasses of the Gastropoda, the other subclass being a very much smaller group called the Eogastropoda, which contains only 5 families of true limpets. The class Gastropoda or the gastropods, also previously known as gasteropods, or univalves, and more commonly known as Snails Eogastropoda is a Taxonomic category It is one of the two great divisions (subclasses of the class Gastropoda, the Snails The other subclass

This subclass, Orthogastropoda, which one perhaps could call the true snails, is defined most concisely as all those gastropods which are not members of Patellogastropoda, the true limpets. The name Limpet is used for many kinds of mostly saltwater but also freshwater Snails specifically those that have a simple shell which is more or less broadly conical

The orthogastropoda form a clade, supported by unambiguous synapomorphies. Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry These synapomorphies (a series of characteristics that appear in its members but not in the other forms it diverged from) are the identifying characteristics of the clade.

Some of the characteristics are:

eyes with a vitreous body on eyestalks.
paired jaws, with their position free from the buccal mass
a single kidney on the right side of pericardium
a flexoglossate radula (with a flexible radular membrane). The radula is a toothed Chitinous ribbon typically used for scraping cutting and chewing food before it enters the Esophagus. The radula is the snail's tongue, used as a rasping tool.
unpaired osphradium (olfactory organ).
lateral ciliated zones of osphradium
a single left hypobranchial gland (on organ at gill, which releases secretions, such as the reddish dye Tyrian purple).
an unpaired ctenidium (a comblike respiratory structure in certain mollusks)

Taxonomy

This taxonomy is still under revision.

Superorder Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987

Superfamily Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882
Superfamily Lepetelloidea Dall, 1882 (deep sea limpets)

Superorder incertae sedis ("Hot Vent Taxa")

Order Neomphaloida Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
- Superfamily Peltospiroidea McLean, 1989

Superorder Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)

Superfamily Fissurelloidea Flemming, 1822 (keyhole limpets)
Superfamily Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (abalones)
Superfamily Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840 (slit shells)
Superfamily Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
Superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (top shells)

Superorder Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896

Order Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960
- Superfamily Neritoidea Lamarck, 1809

Superorder Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960

Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
- Superfamily Ampullarioidea J. Cocculiniformia is a Superorder, a Taxonomic grouping of sea Snails specifically deepwater Limpets a Gastropod Mollusk Cocculinoidea is a Taxonomic grouping of sea Snails deepwater Limpets This is a Gastropod Superfamily in the Infraclass William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Lepetelloidea is a Taxonomic grouping of sea Snails deepwater Limpets This is a Gastropod Superfamily in the clade Vetigastropoda William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Incertae sedis ( Latin for "of uncertain placement" abbreviated "inc Neomphalidae is a Taxonomic family of sea Snails or Limpets specifically deepsea Hydrothermal vent Rift limpets in Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Trochoidea is a Superfamily of small to very large sea Snails which have an operculum and have Nacre as the inner shell layer Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Neritopsina is a Gastropod Superorder in the subclass Orthogastropoda. Neritoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of mostly sea Snails nerites and their allies marine Gastropod Mollusks Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier Caenogastropoda is a very large Taxonomic group a Superorder of saltwater (and in a minor way freshwater snails ( aquatic and marine E. Gray, 1824
- Superfamily Cyclophoroidea J. Cyclophoroidea is a superfamily of gastropods within the informal group Architaenioglossa, that belongs to the Clade Caenogastropoda. E. Gray, 1847 (terrestrial)
Order Sorbeoconcha Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
- Suborder Cerithiimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
  - Superfamily Spanionematoidea
- Suborder Hypsogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
  - Infraorder Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
    - Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
    - Superfamily Capuloidea J. Sorbeoconcha is a very large Taxonomic order of Snails (mostly sea snails with gills and often with an operculum) Cerithiimorpha is a group of sea Snails a middle level Taxonomic division within the classification of marine Gastropod Mollusks According to one version of the taxonomy, Hypsogastropoda is a Suborder of sea snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in Littorinimorpha is a large Taxonomic grouping an Infraorder which consists primarily of sea Snail families but also includes some freshwater Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier Fleming, 1822
    - Superfamily Carinarioidea Blainville, 1818
    - Superfamily Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
    - Superfamily Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (cowries)
    - Superfamily Ficoidea Meek, 1864
    - Superfamily Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990
    - Superfamily Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
    - Superfamily Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
    - Superfamily Rissooidea J. Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a Taxonomic Superfamily of sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Rissooidea is a Superfamily of small and minute saltwater and freshwater Snails with an operculum. E. Gray, 1847 (Risso shells)
    - Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815 (true conchs)
    - Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter, 1913
    - Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863
    - Superfamily Vanikoroidea J. Stromboidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of Sea snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the Infraorder Littorinimorpha Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Henry Suter (born Hans Heinrich Suter) ( 9 March 1841 &ndash 31 July 1918) was a New Zealand zoologist, E. Gray, 1840
    - Superfamily Velutinoidea J. E. Gray, 1840
    - Superfamily Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (worm shells)
    - Superfamily Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
  - Infraorder Neogastropoda Thiele, 1929
    - Superfamily Buccinoidea (whelks, false tritions)
    - Superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851
    - Superfamily Conoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Infraorder Ptenoglossa J. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century The Neogastropoda was for many years an order of sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks In the current version of gastropod taxonomy For the 19th century chemist by the same name see Johannes Thiele (chemist. Buccinoidea is a Gastropod Superfamily in the infraorder Neogastropoda. Cancellarioidea is a Taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large sea Snails, marine Gastropod Mollusks in the infraorder Conoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of sophisticated Predatory sea Snails This superfamily includes the turrids, the Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Muricoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of Predatory sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the infraorder Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century E. Gray, 1853
    - Superfamily Eulimoidea Philippi, 1853
    - Superfamily Janthinoidea Lamarck, 1812
    - Superfamily Triphoroidea J. Rodolfo Armando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi ( 14 September 1808 &ndash 23 July 1904) was a German - Chilean Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier E. Gray, 1847
- Suborder Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884 - sometimes included in Cerithiimorpha
  - Superfamily Campaniloidea Douvillé, 1904
  - Superfamily Cerithioidea Férussac, 1822
- Suborder Murchisoniina Cox & Knight, 1960
  - Superfamily Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889

Superorder Heterobranchia J. Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs, (meaning "different-gilled snails" is a Taxonomic Superorder of sea Snails marine E. Gray, 1840

Order Heterostropha P. Fischer, 1885
- Superfamily Architectonicoidea J. E. Gray, 1840
  - Family Architectonicidae Gray, 1850
- Superfamily Omalogyroidea G. Architectonicidae, or the staircase shells or sundials, are a family of sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks O. Sars, 1878
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea J. Above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to the gastropod superfamily Pyramidelloidea. E. Gray, 1840
- Superfamily Rissoelloidea J. E. Gray, 1850
- Superfamily Valvatoidea J. E. Gray, 1840
Order Opisthobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848
- Suborder Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814 (nudibranchs)
  - Infraorder Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819
    - Superfamily Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900
    - Superfamily Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
    - Superfamily Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
  - Infraorder Cladobranchia Willan & Morton, 1984
    - Superfamily Aeolidioidea J. An opisthobranch (ō-pĭsʹthə-brăngk is any member of the very large and diverse group of rather specialized highly evolved marine slugs and snails ( marine Gastropod A nudibranch (pronounced (BrE or (AmE is a member of one Suborder of soft-bodied shell-less marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Mollusks Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid Nudibranchs, are a Taxonomic Superfamily of medium to large shell-less sea Slugs marine Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Doridoxoidea, commonly known as dorid Nudibranchs, are a Taxonomic Superfamily of medium to large shell-less sea Slugs marine Onchidoridoidea is a Taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea Slugs dorid Nudibranchs marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Polyceridae is a Taxonomic family of sea Slugs specifically of dorid Nudibranchs marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Aeolidioidea is a superfamily of small sea Slugs the aeolid Nudibranchs They are Opisthobranch Gastropod Mollusks E. Gray, 1827
    - Superfamily Arminoidea Rafinesque, 1814
    - Superfamily Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845
    - Superfamily Metarminoidea Odhner in Franc, 1968
- Suborder Anaspidea P. Arminoidea is a superfamily of small sea Slugs aeolid nudibranchs Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Dendronotoidea is a Taxonomic superfamily of small colorful sea slugs or Nudibranchs These are known as aeolid nudibranchs Metarminoidea is a Taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea slugs or Nudibranchs marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Sea hares ( Aplysia species and related genera are very large sea Slugs with a soft internal shell made of protein Fischer, 1883 (sea hares)
  - Superfamily Akeroidea Pilsbry, 1893
  - Superfamily Aplysioidea Lamarck, 1809
- Suborder Cephalaspidea P. Akeridae is a small Taxonomic family of sea Snails marine Gastropod Molluscs belonging to the Superfamily Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier The suborder Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble shells, is a Suborder of sea slugs and bubble snails marine Fischer, 1883
  - Superfamily Acteonoidea D'Orbigny, 1835
  - Superfamily Bulloidea Lamarck, 1801
  - Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea Thiele, 1931
  - Superfamily Diaphanoidea Odhner, 1914
  - Superfamily Haminoeoidea Pilsbry, 1895
  - Superfamily Philinoidea J. Acteonoidea is a Superfamily of Headshield Slugs or Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks belonging to the suborder Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny ( September 6, 1802 - June 30, 1857) was a great French naturalist Bulla is a Genus of medium to large Hermaphrodite sea snails shelled marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Molluscs Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier Cylindrobulloidea Thiele, 1931 is a Taxonomic Suborder of small shelled sea Slugs marine Opisthobranch For the 19th century chemist by the same name see Johannes Thiele (chemist. Diaphanoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of small sea Snails marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Mollusks or Haminoeoidea (Pilsbry 1895 is a Taxonomic Superfamily of small sea Snails or bubble shells marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Philinoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of sea slugs specifically headshield Slugs marine Opisthobranch Gastropod E. Gray, 1850
  - Superfamily Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853
- Suborder Gymnosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea angels)
- Suborder Notaspidea P. Ringiculoidea is a Superfamily of minute sea Snails marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Mollusks in the order Cephalaspidea Rodolfo Armando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi ( 14 September 1808 &ndash 23 July 1904) was a German - Chilean Sea angels, also known as cliones, and previously known as one kind of Pteropod, are a group of small swimming sea Slugs. Notaspidea, also known as the sidegill slugs, is a Suborder which includes both sea Slugs and sea snails or Limpets marine Fischer, 1883
  - Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea Férussac, 1822
  - Superfamily Tylodinoidea J. E. Gray, 1847
- Suborder Sacoglossa Von Ihering, 1876
  - Superfamily Oxynooidea H. Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans, are a Taxonomic order of small bubble Snails sea Snails and sea Slugs & A. Adams, 1854
- Suborder Thecosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea butterflies)
  - Infraorder Euthecosomata
    - Superfamily Limacinoidea
    - Superfamily Cavolinioidea
  - Infraorder Pseudothecosomata
    - Superfamily Peraclidoidea
    - Superfamily Cymbulioidea
Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates)
- Subinfraorder Orthurethra
  - Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
  - Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
  - Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
  - Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
- Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
  - Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
  - Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
  - Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
  - Superfamily Arionoidea J. Sea butterflies, also known as Thecosomata or flapping Snails, are a Taxonomic suborder of Pelagic swimming sea snails Limacina is a Genus of swimming Predatory sea Snails commonly known as sea butterflies in the family Limacinidae ( The Superfamily Cavolinioidea is a Taxonomic group of small floating sea Snails Pelagic marine Opisthobranch Pseudothecosomata, Common name sea butterflies, is or was a Taxonomic suborder or Infraorder of floating and swimming sea The Pulmonata or "pulmonates" are an order (once a Subclass) of Snails and Slugs that have developed a pallial Lung Partuloidea is a Taxonomic group a super family of land Slugs, in other words shell-less snails Arionoidea is a Taxonomic group a super family of land Slugs, in other words shell-less Snails, Terrestrial [pulmonate]] [gastropod E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
  - Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
  - Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
  - Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
  - Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
  - Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
  - Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
  - Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. Dyakioidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of air-breathing land Snails terrestrial Pulmonate Gastropod Mollusks in Gastrodontoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of land Snails terrestrial Pulmonate Gastropod Mollusks in the infraorder Helicoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of air-breathing land Snails terrestrial Pulmonate Gastropod Mollusks in Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Limacoidea is a Taxonomic Superfamily of medium-sized to large air-breathing land Slugs They are terrestrial Pulmonate Gastropod Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century & A. Adams, 1855
  - Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
  - Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
  - Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
  - Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
  - Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
  - Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
  - Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
  - Superfamily Streptaxoidea J. The Punctoidea are a Superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs terrestrial Gastropod Mollusks This superfamily is in the For the 19th century chemist by the same name see Johannes Thiele (chemist. E. Gray, 1806
  - Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
  - Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
  - Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
- Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885
  - Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
- Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
  - Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
- Infraorder Stylommatophora A. For the 19th century chemist by the same name see Johannes Thiele (chemist. Zonitidae, Common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small air-breathing land Snails terrestrial Pulmonate William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Stylommatophora is an Infraorder (also sometimes considered an order of air-breathing land Snails and Slugs terrestrial Pulmonate Gastropod Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
- Suborder Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates)
  - Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
  - Superfamily Amphiboloidea J. Basommatophora is a Taxonomic informal group within the informal group Pulmonata. For the 19th century chemist by the same name see Johannes Thiele (chemist. Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic group of air-breathing land Snails. E. Gray, 1840
  - Superfamily Chilinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
  - Superfamily Glacidorboidea Ponder, 1986
  - Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Siphonarioidea J. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century E. Gray, 1840
- Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
- Suborder Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948
  - Superfamily Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Otinoidea H. The Eupulmonata are a Taxonomic group of air-breathing Snails Some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions but the The Systellommatophora or Gymnomorpha are a Suborder of primitive air-breathing Snails Some are marine and some are land-living some have shells and some do Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century & A. Adams, 1855
  - Superfamily Rathouisioidea Sarasin, 1889

References

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