Orson Pratt
Full name	Orson Pratt
Born	September 19, 1811(1811-09-19)
Place of birth	Hartford, New York
Died	October 3, 1881 (aged 70)
Place of death	Salt Lake City, Utah Territory
LDS Church Apostle
Called by	Three Witnesses
Ordained	April 26, 1835 (aged 23)
Reason for ordination	Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve
End of term	October 3, 1881 (aged 70)
Reason for end of term	Death[1]
Reorganization at end of term	George Teasdale and Heber J. Grant ordained[2]

Orson Pratt (September 19, 1811 – October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Hartford is a Town in Washington County, New York, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known The Three Witnesses were a group of three early leaders of the Latter Day Saint movement who signed a statement in 1830 saying that an Angel had shown them Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common George Teasdale ( 8 December, 1831 &ndash 6 June, 1907) born in London, England, was a member of the Quorum of the Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council He was born in Hartford, New York, USA, the son of Jared and Charity Dickenson Pratt. Hartford is a Town in Washington County, New York, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Orson Pratt died of complications from diabetes on October 3, 1881, the last surviving member of the original Council of the Twelve. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Contents 1 Church membership and service 1.1 Mission president in Britain 1.2 Opening the Austrian mission 2 Migration west 3 Writer and Historian 3.1 Science publications 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

Church membership and service

Orson Pratt was the younger brother of Parley P. Pratt, who introduced him to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and baptized him on his nineteenth birthday, September 19, 1830 in Canaan, New York. Parley Parker Pratt ( 12 April 1807 &ndash 13 May 1857) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Canaan is a Town in Columbia County, New York, United States.

Pratt was ordained an Elder several months later, on April 26, 1831, by the Prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. and immediately set out for Colesville, New York, his first mission. Elder is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek Priesthood of denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement, including The Church of Jesus Christ Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Colesville is a Town in Broome County, New York, United States. This was the first of a number of short missions in which Orson visited New York, Ohio, Missouri, and the Eastern States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee On February 2, 1832, he was ordained a High Priest by Sidney Rigdon and as a High Priest he continued his missions, preaching in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian High priest is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement, including The Church of Sidney Rigdon ( 19 February 1793 – 14 July 1876) was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

Orson Pratt was a member of the original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles under Joseph Smith. He was ordained to this position on April 26, 1835. He served as a member of the mission of the Twelve Apostles to the British Isles between 1839 and 1841. He contributed to the mission by preaching in Scotland, and producing an early missionary tract, A Interesting Account of Several Remarkable Visions. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This tract contains the earliest known public printing of an account of Joseph Smith's First Vision and also contains material similar to that later published as the 1842 Articles of Faith. The First Vision (also called the grove experience) is a religious belief held by many members of the Latter Day Saint movement (commonly called Mormonism Within the Latter Day Saint movement, the Articles of Faith are a Creed composed by Joseph Smith Jr

On his return to America in 1841, Pratt found the Church membership in contention over several issues. Rumors and gossip were rife in Nauvoo, Illinois and Pratt found the religious principle of plural marriage difficult to accept. There is also a Nauvoo Alabama, and a Nauvoo Pennsylvania Nauvoo ( is a small city in Hancock County, Illinois He rebelled against Smith when he found that his wife Sarah Pratt accused Smith of attempting to seduce her. Pratt was disciplined and excommunicated August 20, 1842. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Some months later, he reconciled with Smith and requested re-baptism. Pratt was reinstated in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on January 20, 1843. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This brief period of disassociation with the church had a long-term consequence for Pratt. When dealing with seniority in the council after the death of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young ruled that if a council member had been disciplined and removed from the council, his seniority was based on the date of readmission. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. By this ruling, both Apostle Orson Hyde and Pratt were moved down in seniority in June of 1875. Orson Hyde ( January 8, 1805 &ndash November 28, 1878) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement and an original member Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common (Bergera 1992)

Mission president in Britain

After settling in the western United States with the Mormon pioneers, Pratt was called to return to Europe as a mission administrator between 1848 and 1851. The Mormon pioneers were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also known as Latter-day Saints, who migrated across the United This article is about a geographical administrative area within the LDS Church In 1850, as mission president of the British Mission, Pratt told his missionaries "[e]very soul in Britain should hear the gospel this year". Mission president is a priesthood leadership position in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 This article is about a geographical administrative area within the LDS Church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of Missionary work with over 50000 full-time missionaries Although this goal was not achieved, by the end of the year there were twice as many church members residing in Britain as in the United States.

While presiding over this mission, Pratt received a pamphlet from Lorenzo Snow entitled "The voice of Joseph" that Snow wanted translated into French to advance his missionary efforts in northern Italy. Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Pratt managed to make contacts with people in Paris who were willing to do this translation. ^[3]

Opening the Austrian mission

In 1865, Pratt was one of the first LDS missionaries to work in Austria. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of Missionary work with over 50000 full-time missionaries Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Traveling with William W. Ritter, he was there for nine months, but did not baptize anyone. The LDS missionaries were eventually expelled by the Austrian government. ^[4]

Migration west

Pratt was a member of Young's initial pioneer company, the "Vanguard Company," that crossed the plains to select a western site for Mormon colonization. The Mormon pioneers were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also known as Latter-day Saints, who migrated across the United His journals of this trip are an important Mormon history resource. As the group made their way from Missouri to Utah, Pratt acted as the company's scientific observer. He made regular readings with the company's scientific instruments, took notes on geological formations and mineral resources, and recorded information on plants and animals. He described snow on Laramie Peak on June 7th, and noted that rock found on June 10th, . . . would make excellent grindstones, being of fine grit sandstone. (May, p. 57)

As a mathematician, Pratt assisted company scribe William Clayton in the design and invention of a version of the modern odometer. William Clayton (1814&ndash1879 was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and acted as a clerk and scribe to the Mormon religious leader Joseph Smith Jr An odometer (often known colloquially as a mileometer or milometer) is a device used for indicating Distance traveled by an Automobile or other Intended to compute the distance traveled per day, the design consisted of a set of wooden cog wheels attached to the hub of a wagon wheel, with the mechanism "counting" the revolutions of the wheel. The apparatus, called the "roadometer," was built by carpenter Appleton Milo Harmon, and was first used on the morning of May 12, 1847.

With Erastus Snow, Pratt entered the Salt Lake Valley on July 21, 1847, three days ahead of the main body of the Vanguard company. Erastus Fairbanks Snow ( November 9, 1818 &ndash May 27, 1888) born in St Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Several days later, he preached the first sermon in the Salt Lake Valley and formally dedicated the valley to the Lord.

Writer and Historian

While in Illinois, Pratt acted as an instructor at the Nauvoo University.

In Utah, Pratt's strong skills in analysis and writing led Young to assign him to produce sermons and pamphlets dealing with LDS topics. He wrote sixteen pamphlets in defense of LDS doctrines, drawing on the works of Joseph Smith, Jr. and his brother Parley P. Pratt. These include Divine Authority, or the Question, Was Joseph Smith Sent of God? in 1848 and Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon in 1850 and 1851. Although these materials were primarily used in the mission field, Pratt was also a church spokesman on the topic of plural marriage. At a special missionary conference in Salt Lake City in August 1852, Pratt publicly preached a sermon announcing the doctrine of plural marriage. Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He later published an essay in defense of the practice in 12 monthly installments in the church periodical The Seer, which provides the most complete defense of the LDS doctrine during this period. The Seer was an official periodical of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church in 1853 and 1854. Pratt himself practiced plural marriage, having seven wives and forty-five children.

However, Pratt's views were not always without controversy. In 1865, a majority of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church officially condemned some of Pratt's doctrinal writings, including some of his articles from The Seer:

"The Seer [and other writings by Pratt] contain doctrines which we cannot sanction, and which we have felt impressed to disown, so that the Saints who now live, and who may live hereafter, may not be misled by our silence, or be left to misinterpret it. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In the Latter Day Saint movement, the First Presidency (or the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church) was the highest governing body in the Latter Day Saint church In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council The Seer was an official periodical of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church in 1853 and 1854. Where these objectionable works, or parts of works, are bound in volumes, or otherwise, they should be cut out and destroyed. "^[5]

Pratt acted as Church Historian and Recorder from 1874 until his death. Church Historian and Recorder (usually shortened to Church Historian) is a priesthood calling in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He edited many church periodicals and helped divide editions of the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants into verse format and provided appropriate cross references.

Science publications

Pratt was known as an accomplished mathematician, and had a strong interest in astronomy. A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. He offered science based lectures on these topics to early LDS audiences in Utah, and published two related books. New and Easy Method of Solution of the Cubic and Biquadratic Equations was published in 1866, and Key to the Universe was published in 1879.

See also

• Pratt-Romney family

Notes

References

• Allen, James B. and Leonard, Glen M. (1976). The Story of the Latter-day Saints. Deseret Book Co. , Salt Lake City, UT. ISBN 0-87747-594-6.  
• Bergera, Gary James (1992), “Seniority in the Twelve: The 1875 Realignment of Orson Pratt”, Journal of Mormon History 18 (1): 19–58, <http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/jmh,14720> .
• Bergera, Gary James (2003). Conflict in the Quorum: Orson Pratt, Brigham Young, Joseph Smith. Signature Books, Salt Lake City, UT. ISBN 1-56085-164-3.  
• England, Breck (1985). The Life and Thought of Orson Pratt. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT. ISBN 0-87480-249-0
• Ludlow, Daniel H. , Editor (1992). Church History, Selections From the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Deseret Book Co. , Salt Lake City, UT. ISBN 0-87579-924-8.  
• May, Dean L. Utah: A People's History. Bonneville Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1987. ISBN 0-87480-284-9.
• Whittaker, David J. (1994). The Essential Orson Pratt. Signature Books, Salt Lake City, UT. ISBN 0-941214-95-8.  

External links

• Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Orson Pratt
• Pratt Family Association
• Documents about Orson Pratt

Preceded by William Smith	Quorum of the Twelve Apostles April 26, 1835–August 20, 1842	Succeeded by John F. Boynton
Preceded by Amasa M. Lyman	Quorum of the Twelve Apostles January 20, 1843–October 3, 1881	Succeeded by Ezra T. Benson

William Smith (also found as William B Smith) ( March 13 1811 – November 13, 1893) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common John Farnum Boynton ( September 20, 1811 – October 20, 1890) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Amasa Mason Lyman (ˈæməsə ( March 30, 1813 – February 4, 1877) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and was In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ezra Taft Benson ( February 22, 1811 &ndash September 3, 1869) (commonly referred to as Ezra T

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