Orpheus (Greek: Ορφεύς; pronounced /ˈɔrfiəs/ (OHR-fee-uhs) or /ˈɔrfjuːs/ (OHR'-fews) in English) is a figure from Greek mythology born in the Rhodope Mountains of Thrace (now partly in Bulgaria), king of the Thracian tribe of Cicones. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The Rhodopes (Родопи Rodopi, usually used with a definite article Родопите Rodopite, sometimes also called Родопа Rodopa or Родопа Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe The Cicones or Ciconians (Κίκονες were a Thracian tribe whose stronghold in the time of Odysseus was the city of Ismara (or Orpheus was called by Pindar "the father of songs". Pindar (ˈpɪndɚ (or Pindarus, Greek:) (probably born 522 BC in Cynoscephalae a village in Boeotia; died 443 BC in Argos) was an Ancient He was a son of the Thracian river god Oiagros^[1] and the Muse Calliope. In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are In Greek mythology, Calliope ("beautiful-voiced" also spelled Kaliope or Kalliope, in Greek, Καλλιόπη ^[2] His name does not occur in Homer or Hesiod, but he was known by the time of Ibycus (c. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Hesiod ( Greek: Hesiodos) was an early Greek Poet and Rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BCE Ibycus ( Ancient Greek:) (6th century BC of Rhegium in Italy, was an Ancient Greek lyric Poet. 530 BC).

The Greeks of the Classical age venerated the legendary figure of Orpheus as chief among poets and musicians, and the perfector of the lyre invented by Hermes. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and Poets like Simonides of Ceos said that, with his music and singing, he could charm birds, fishes and wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance,^[3] and even divert the course of rivers. He was one of the handful of Greek heroes to visit the Underworld and return; even in Hades his song and lyre did not lose their power. "Cult Hero" redirects here For the Cure sideproject called Cult Hero see I'm a Cult Hero Hero cults were one of the most Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient

As one of the pioneers of civilization, he is said at various times to have taught humanity the arts of medicine, writing (in one unusual instance^[4], where he substitutes for the usual candidate, Cadmus) and agriculture, where he assumes the Eleusinian role of Triptolemus. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Cadmus, or Kadmos (Κάδμος in Greek mythology, was a Phoenician prince son of Agenor and the brother of Phoenix, Cilix Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The Eleusinian Mysteries (Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια were initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone Buzyges redirects here For the Genus of Grass skipper Butterflies, see Buzyges (butterfly. More consistently and more closely connected with religious life, Orpheus was an augur and seer; practised magical arts, especially astrology; founded or rendered accessible many important cults, such as those of Apollo and the Thraco-Phrygian^[5] god Dionysus; instituted mystic rites both public and private; and prescribed initiatory and purificatory rituals, which his community of followers treasured in Orphic texts. The Augur was a priest and official in the classical world especially Ancient Rome and Etruria. Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. God, as a male Deity, contrasts with female deities or " goddesses " In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman In addition, Pindar and Apollonius of Rhodes^[6] place Orpheus as the harpist and companion of Jason and the Argonauts.

His son was Musaeus, "he of the Muses". For people surnamed Musaeus see Musäus. Musaeus is also a spider genus ( Thomisidae)

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Mythology 2.1 Early life 2.2 Death of Eurydice 2.3 Death 3 Orphic poems and rites 4 Post-classical Orpheus 4.1 Poetry 4.2 Classical music 4.3 Other music 4.4 Drama 4.5 Film 5 Novels 6 Orpheus in astronomy 7 Spoken-word myths - audio files 8 Orpheus in Pop Culture 9 References 10 External links

Etymology

Several etymologies for the name Orpheus have been proposed. A probable suggestion is that it is derived from a hypothetical PIE verb *orbhao-, "to be deprived", from PIE *orbh-, "to put asunder, separate". Cognates would include Greek orphe, "darkness", and Greek orphanos, "fatherless, orphan", from which comes English "orphan" by way of Latin. Orpheus would therefore be semantically close to goao, "to lament, sing wildly, cast a spell", uniting his seemingly disparate roles as disappointed lover, transgressive musician and mystery-priest into a single lexical whole. The word "orphic" is defined as mystic, fascinating and entrancing, and, probably, because of the oracle of Orpheus, "orphic" can also signify "oracular".

Mythology

Early life

Orpheus' father was Oeagrus (Οίαγρος) a Thracian king (or, according to another version of the story, the god Apollo); his mother was the muse Calliope. Oeagrus ( Ancient Greek:; Modern Greek: Οίαγρος in Greek mythology was a king of Thrace. Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are In Greek mythology, Calliope ("beautiful-voiced" also spelled Kaliope or Kalliope, in Greek, Καλλιόπη While living with his mother and her eight beautiful sisters on Parnassus, he met Apollo who was courting the laughing muse Thalia. Mythology Mount Parnassus is named after Parnassos the son of the Nymph Kleodora and the man Kleopompus. Thalia can refer to four distinct entities in Greek mythology, two of whom were daughters of Zeus, and a third of whom bore him sons Apollo became fond of Orpheus and gave him a little golden lyre, and taught him to play it. The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later Orpheus's mother taught him to make verses for singing.

Death of Eurydice

The most famous story in which Orpheus figures is that of his wife Eurydice (also known as Agriope). Federico Cervelli ( 1625 —before 1700) was an Italian painter born in Milan, who established his workshop in Venice at the age In Greek mythology, Eurydice ( Eurydíkê, Εὐρυδίκη was an oak nymph or a sweet maiden While fleeing from Aristaeus (son of Apollo), Eurydice ran into a nest of snakes which bit her fatally on her legs. A minor god in Greek mythology, which we read largely through Athenian writers Aristaeus or Aristaios ( Greek: Ἀρισταῖος "ever close Distraught, Orpheus played such sad songs and sang so mournfully that all the nymphs and gods wept. In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form On their advice, Orpheus traveled to the underworld and by his music softened the hearts of Hades and Persephone (he was the only person ever to do so), who agreed to allow Eurydice to return with him to earth on one condition: he should walk in front of her and not look back until they both had reached the upper world. In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient In Greek mythology, Persephone ( Kore or Cora) was the embodiment of the Earth's fertility at the same time that she was the Queen of the Underworld In his anxiety he forgot that both needed to be in the upper world, and he turned to look at her, and she vanished for the second time, but now forever. The story in this form belongs to the time of Virgil, who first introduces the name of Aristaeus. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Other ancient writers, however, speak of Orpheus' visit to the underworld; according to Phaedrus in Plato's Symposium (179d), the infernal gods only "presented an apparition" of Eurydice to him. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Ovid says that Eurydice's death was not caused by fleeing from Aristaeus but by dancing with naiads on her wedding day. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including In Greek mythology, the Naiads or Naiades (Ναϊάδες from the Greek νάειν "to flow" and νἃμα "running water"

The story of Eurydice may actually be a late addition to the Orpheus myths. In particular, the name Eurudike ("she whose justice extends widely") recalls cult-titles attached to Persephone. In Greek mythology, Persephone ( Kore or Cora) was the embodiment of the Earth's fertility at the same time that she was the Queen of the Underworld The myth may have been mistakenly derived from another Orpheus legend in which he travels to Tartarus and charms the goddess Hecate. In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place Hecate ( Greek: Ἑκάτη, "far-shooting") Hekate ( Hekátê

Main article: Descent to the underworld

The descent to the Underworld of Orpheus is paralleled in other versions of a worldwide theme: the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's Descent to the Underworld, and Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna. The descent to the Underworld is a Mytheme of Comparative mythology found in the Religions of the Ancient Near East up to and including The descent to the Underworld is a Mytheme of Comparative mythology found in the Religions of the Ancient Near East up to and including is a deity born of the seven divine generations in Japanese mythology and Shintoism, and is also referred to in the roughly translated Kojiki as "male who invites" In Japanese mythology, is a Goddess of both creation and death as well as the former wife of the god Izanagi. Inanna ( D INANNA B153ellstpng|100x20px|INANNA]]) is the Sumerian goddess of sexual love fertility and warfare Maya mythology is part of Mesoamerican mythology and comprises all those Mayan tales in which personified forces of nature deities and the heroes interacting with these play the main Ixchel or Ix Chel (ˈiʃtʃel is the 16th-century name of the aged jaguar goddess of midwifery and medicine in the ancient Mayan culture. In Yucatec Maya mythology Itzamna was the name of an upper god and creator deity thought to be residing in the sky The mytheme of not looking back is reflected in the story of Lot's wife when escaping from Sodom. According to the Bible and the Quran, Lot ( Arabic: لوط, Lūṭ |; "Hidden covered" was the Nephew The warning of not looking back is also found in the Grimms' folk tale "Hansel and Gretel. " More directly, the story of Orpheus is similar to the ancient Greek tales of Persephone captured by Hades and similar stories of Adonis captive in the underworld. Adonis (Άδωνης also Άδωνις is a figure of West Semitic origin where he is a central cult figure in various Mystery religions, who enters However, the developed form of the Orpheus myth was entwined with the Orphic mystery cults and, later in Rome, with the development of Mithraism and the cult of Sol Invictus. The Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a Roman mystery religion which became popular among the military in the late Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun" or more fully Deus Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun God" was the late Roman state Sun god.

Death

According to some versions of the story (notably Ovid's), Orpheus forswore the love of women after the death of Eurydice and took only youths as his lovers; he was reputed to be the one who introduced pederasty to the Thracians, teaching them to "love the young in the flower of their youth. Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker John William Waterhouse ( April 6, 1849 &ndash February 10, 1917) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter most In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos ( Greek ἐρώμενος pl Greek Pederasty, as idealised by the Greeks from archaic times onward was a relationship and bond between an adolescent boy and an adult man outside "

According to a Late Antique summary of Aeschylus's lost play Bassarids, Orpheus at the end of his life disdained the worship of all gods save the sun, whom he called Apollo. Late Antiquity (c 300-600 is a Periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in Aeschylus (ˈɛskɨləs or /ˈiːskɨləs/ Greek: Ασχύλος, Aischylos, 525 BC/524 BC 456 BC/455 BC was an ancient Greek Playwright One early morning he went to the oracle of Dionysus (there are ongoing discussions whether this is Perperikon or Mount Pangaion) to salute his god at dawn, but was torn to death by Thracian Maenads for not honoring his previous patron, Dionysus. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman The ancient Thracian city of Perperikon (also Perpericon) is located in the Eastern Rhodopes, 15 km northeast of the present-day town of Here his death is analogous with the death of Pentheus. In Greek mythology, Pentheus was a king of Thebes, son of the strongest of the Spartes, Echion, and of Agave, daughter of

Ovid (Metamorphoses XI) also recounts that the Thracian Maenads, Dionysus' followers, angry for having been spurned by Orpheus in favor of "tender boys," first threw sticks and stones at him as he played, but his music was so beautiful even the rocks and branches refused to hit him. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity Enraged, the Maenads tore him to pieces during the frenzy of their Bacchic orgies. Later, the story would sometimes be seen from a Christian moralist angle: in Albrecht Dürer's drawing (illustration, right) the ribbon high in the tree is lettered Orfeus der erst puseran ("Orpheus, the first sodomite"). Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse

His head and lyre, still singing mournful songs, floated down the swift Hebrus to the Mediterranean shore. The Maritsa or Evros (Марица Εβρος Romanized as Hebrus, Meriç is with a length of 480 km the longest river that runs solely in the interior There, the winds and waves carried them on to the Lesbos shore, where the inhabitants buried his head and a shrine was built in his honour near Antissa; there his oracle prophesied, until it was silenced by Apollo (Life of Apollonius of Tyana, book v. Lesbos (Λέσβος also transliterated Lesvos, Midilli is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Antissa (Άντισσα was a city of the island Lesbos (Lesvos near to Cape Sigrium the western point of Lesbos 14). The lyre was carried to heaven by the Muses, and was placed among the stars. The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are The Muses also gathered up the fragments of his body and buried them at Leibethra below Mount Olympus, where the nightingales sang over his grave. Libethra (or Leibethra was a place close to Olympus where Orpheus was buried destroyed by a flood of the river Sys Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος also transliterated as Ólympos, and on Greek maps Óros Ólimbos) is the highest Mountain in Greece The Nightingale ( Luscinia megarhynchos) also known as Rufous and Common Nightingale, is a small Passerine Bird that was formerly His soul returned to the underworld, where he was re-united at last with his beloved Eurydice. Another legend places his tomb at Dion, near Pydna in Macedonia. Dion (Greek Modern Δίο Dio, Ancient/Katharevousa -on is a municipality and village in the Prefecture of Pieria, Macedonia, Greece, best Pydna is also a rocket station of the American Army in Germany, see Pydna (rocket station Pydna (in Greek: Other accounts of his death are that he killed himself from grief at the failure of his journey to Hades, or that he was struck with lightning by Zeus for having revealed the mysteries of the gods to men, or he was torn to pieces by the Maenads for having abandoned the cult of Dionysus for that of Apollo. Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology ^[7]

Orphic poems and rites

Main article: Orphism (religion)

A number of Greek religious poems in hexameter were attributed to Orpheus, as they were to similar miracle-working figures, like Bakis, Musaeus, Abaris, Aristeas, Epimenides, and the Sybil. Orphism (more rarely Orphicism) is the name given to a set of religious beliefs and practices in the ancient Greek and Thracian world associated with literature Hexameter is a literary and poetic form consisting of six metrical feet per line as in the Iliad. Bakis or Bacis was a semi-legendary ancient Greek seer of the 6th or 7th century BC, a native of Boeotia. For people surnamed Musaeus see Musäus. Musaeus is also a spider genus ( Thomisidae) Abaris redirects here For the Baroque opera see Les Boréades Abaris the Hyperborean' ( Greek: grc Ἄβαρις Ὑπερβόρειος Aristeas was a semi- Legendary Greek Poet and miracle-worker, a native of Proconnesus in Asia Minor, active ca Epimenides of Knossos ( Crete) (Greek) was a semi- mythical 6th century BC Greek seer and Philosopher - poet Of this vast literature, only two examples survived whole: a set of hymns composed at some point in the second or third century AD, and an Orphic Argonautica composed somewhere between the fourth and sixth centuries AD. A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities Earlier Orphic literature, which may date back as far as the sixth century BC, survives only in papyrus fragments or in quotations. Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ (Rhymes -aɪrəs)is a thick paper-like material produced from the Pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus

In addition to serving as a storehouse of mythological data along the lines of Hesiod's Theogony, Orphic poetry was recited in mystery-rites and purification rituals. Hesiod ( Greek: Hesiodos) was an early Greek Poet and Rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BCE Theogony ( Greek: Θεογονία theogonia = the birth of God(s is a Poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies Plato in particular tells of a class of vagrant beggar-priests who would go about offering purifications to the rich, a clatter of books by Orpheus and Musaeus in tow (Republic 364c-d). Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece For people surnamed Musaeus see Musäus. Musaeus is also a spider genus ( Thomisidae) The Republic ( Greek: / Politeía, meaning "political system" Latin: Res Publica, meaning "public business" or Those who were especially devoted to these ritual and poems often practiced vegetarianism, abstention from sex, and refrained from eating eggs and beans — which came to be known as the Orphikos bios, or "Orphic way of life". Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea An organism's sex is defined by the gametes it produces males produce male gametes (spermatozoa or Sperm) while females produce female gametes (ova or Egg cells; individual ^[8]

The Derveni papyrus, found in Derveni, Macedonia (Greece) in 1962, contains a philosophical treatise that is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem in hexameters, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras, written in the second half of the fifth century BC. The Derveni papyrus is an Ancient Greek Papyrus scroll that was found in 1962 Macedonia ( Μακεδονία, Makedonía,) is a geographical and historical region of Greece in southeastern Europe Anaxagoras ( Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας c 500 BC &ndash 428 BC was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher famous for introducing the Cosmological Fragments of the poem are quoted making it "the most important new piece of evidence about Greek philosophy and religion to come to light since the Renaissance"^[9]. The papyrus dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript.

The historian William Mitford wrote in 1784 that the very earliest form of a higher and cohesive ancient Greek religion was manifest in the Orphic poems. The Byzantine and Christian Museum (Βυζαντινό και Χριστιανικό Μουσείο is situated at Vassilissis Sofias Avenue 22 in Athens, Greece Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's William Mitford ( February 10, 1744 - February 10, 1827) English Historian, was the elder of the two sons of John Mitford ^[10]

W. K. C. Guthrie wrote that Orpheus was the founder of mystery religions and the first to reveal to men the meanings of the initiation rites. ^[11]

Post-classical Orpheus

The Orpheus legend has remained a popular subject for writers, artists, musicians and filmmakers.

Poetry

• In the Divine Comedy Dante sees the shade of Orpheus along with those of numerous other "virtuous pagans" in Limbo. The Divine Comedy See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus
• In The Tale of Orpheus and Erudices his Quene the northern renaissance poet Robert Henryson created an extended poetic treatment of the myth with distinctively Ovidian touches and many references to music. The Tale of Orpheus and Erudices his Quene is a poem by the Scottish Northern renaissance poet Robert Henryson that adapts and develops the Greek Robert Henryson was a poet who flourished in Scotland in the period c
• The tale of Orpheus was mixed with Celtic fairy lore in the Middle English metrical romance Sir Orfeo. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of As a Literary genre of High culture, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic Prose and verse Narrative Sir Orfeo is an anonymous Middle English narrative poem. It retells the story of Orpheus as a king rescuing his wife from the In this version, Sir Orfeo rescues his wife Heurodis from the King of Fairy, whose realm contains both the dead, and people thought to be dead but merely taken by the fairies. A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair This story lasted long enough to be collected in the Child ballads as King Orfeo (albeit in fragmentary form). The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 Ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants collected by Francis James Child
• The tale of Orfeus and Eurydice forms the fitting subject of the first opera, composed by Monteverdi in Mantua, "L'Orfeo". Mantua (Màntova in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the The libretto was written by Alessandro Striggio (Jr).
• The play Henry VIII by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher includes a song sung by a lady about Orpheus. The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth is a history play by William Shakespeare, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. William Shakespeare ( baptised John Fletcher may refer to Sir John Aubrey-Fletcher 7th Baronet, 7th Baronet (1912-1992 John Robert Aubrey-Fletcher, heir-apparent (born It is not certain which author wrote the song. [1]
• The Czech-German poet Rainer Maria Rilke, sometimes called the last of the romantic authors, wrote the Sonnets to Orpheus immediately following the Duino Elegies. Rainer Maria Rilke (also Rainer Maria von Rilke (4 December 1875 &ndash 29 December 1926 is considered one of the German language 's greatest 20th century Poets The Sonnets to Orpheus are a cycle of Sonnets written by German-language Poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875 &ndash 1926 in 1922 The Duino Elegies ( German Duineser Elegien) are a set of ten elegies written in German by the Poet Rainer Maria Rilke from
• The English poet John Milton repeatedly made allusions to the figure of Orpheus in his work, most centrally in "Lycidas" (1637). John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and "Lycidas" is a poem by John Milton, written in 1637 as a Pastoral Elegy, first appearing in a 1638 collection of elegies entitled
• The Polish poet Czeslaw Milosz wrote Orpheus and Euridice as an elegy to his late wife Carol in 2003. Czesław Miłosz; ( June 30, 1911 — August 14, 2004) was a Polish Poet, prose writer and Translator
• The American Poet John Ashbery wrote the poem "Syringa" about Orpheus' failed attempt to rescue Eurydice. John Ashbery (born July 28, 1927) is
• W. H. Auden wrote a poem called "Orpheus" about the conflicting desires "to be bewildered and happy or most of all the knowledge of life". Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973 ˈwɪstən ˈhjuː ˈɔːdən who signed his works W
• Orpheus appears as a member of Odysseus's last voyage from Ithaca in Nikos Kazantzakis' epic poem The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel. grc-Latn Odysseus or la Ulysses ( Greek grc-Latn Odysseus; Latin: la Ulixes or more commonly Ulysses) oʊˈdɪsiəs Ithaca or Ithaka (in Greek, Ιθάκη, Ithaki) is an island in the Ionian Sea, in Greece, with an area of 118 km² Nikos Kazantzakis ( Νίκος Καζαντζάκης) ( February 18, 1883, Heraklion, Crete, Ottoman Empire - The Odyssey A Modern Sequel is an epic poem by the Greek poet and philosopher Nikos Kazantzakis, based on Homer 's Odyssey
• The American poet Jorie Graham has written several poems centered around Eurydice, including "Orpheus and Eurydice" from her book The End of Beauty, and "Eurydice on History" from her book Swarm. Jorie Graham (born May 9, 1950) is an American Poet and the editor of numerous volumes of

Classical music

The story of Orpheus and Eurydice has been the subject of operas, cantatas, ballets, and other works through the history of western classical music:

• Angelo Poliziano's Orfeo, a musical Renaissance considered by some scholars an important forerunner of the opera genre. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto A cantata (derived from the Italian word 'cantare' meaning 'to sing' is a vocal composition with an instrumental Accompaniment and often Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Angelo Ambrogini, best known as Poliziano ( July 14, 1454 &ndash September 24, 1494) was a Florentine Classical The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere
• Jacopo Peri's opera Euridice (1600)
• Giulio Caccini's opera Euridice (written 1600 / first performance 1602)
• Claudio Monteverdi's opera Orfeo (1607)
• Stefano Landi's opera La morte d'Orfeo (1619)
• Luigi Rossi's opera Orfeo (1647)
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier's unfinished opera La descente d'Orphée aux enfers (date unknown: mid-1680s?)
• Louis-Nicolas Clerambault's cantata "Orphee" (1710)
• Georg Philipp Telemann's opera "Orpheus" (1726)
• Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer's Musikalischer Parnassus (c. Jacopo Peri ( August 20 1561 &ndash August 12 1633) was an Italian Composer and singer of the transitional period between Euridice (also Erudice or Eurydice) written October 6 1600, is an Opera written in Florence Giulio Caccini ( October 8 1551 &ndash December 10 1618) was an Italian composer teacher singer instrumentalist and writer Euridice (also Erudice or Eurydice) written October 6 1600, is an Opera written in Florence L'Orfeo ( L'Orfeo favola in musica, SV 318 or La Favola d'Orfeo, or The Legend of Orpheus) is one of the earliest Stefano Landi (baptized February 26, 1587 &ndash October 28, 1639) was an Italian composer and teacher of the early Baroque Luigi Rossi (ca 1597 - 20 February 1653) was an Italian Baroque Composer. Marc-Antoine Charpentier (1643 - February 24 1704 was a French composer of the Baroque era Louis-Nicolas Clérambault was a French Musician, born and died in Paris (December 19 1676 - October 26 1749 best known as an Organist and A cantata (derived from the Italian word 'cantare' meaning 'to sing' is a vocal composition with an instrumental Accompaniment and often Georg Philipp Telemann (March 14 1681 &ndash June 25 1767 was a German Baroque music Composer, born in Magdeburg. Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer (some authorities use the spelling Johann Kasper Ferdinand Fischer) (died 1746 was a German Baroque Composer 1738) comprises nine dance suites dedicated to the Muses; it is thought the final dance of the Uranie suite tells the story of Orpheus & Eurydice.
• Christoph Willibald Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice (1762)
• Johann Gottlieb Naumann's opera Orfeo ed Euridice (1785)
• Joseph Haydn's opera L'anima del filosofo, ossia Orfeo ed Euridice (composed 1791)
• Friedrich August Kanne's Orpheus (1807)
• In a 1985 article in 19th Century Music musicologist Owen Jander controversially argued that the 2nd movement (Andante con moto) of Beethoven's 4th Piano Concerto was programmatically modelled after the Orpheus myth. Orfeo ed Euridice (French version Orphée et Eurydice; English translation Orpheus and Eurydice) is an Opera composed by Christoph Willibald Johann Gottlieb Naumann was a German Composer, conductor and Kapellmeister. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. A piano concerto is a work written for Piano and Orchestra.See also Harpsichord concerto; some of these works are occasionally played on piano
• Franz Liszt's Symphonic poem Orpheus (1853-54)
• Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld (1858)
• Darius Milhaud's opera Les malheurs d'Orphée (1924)
• Ernst Krenek's opera Orpheus und Eurydike (1926)
• Stravinsky's ballet Orpheus (1948). A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of Orchestral Music in one movement in which some extramusical program provides a narrative or illustrative element Jacques Offenbach (born Jacob Offenbach 20 June 1819 in Cologne &ndash 5 October 1880 in Paris) was a German Operetta is a genre of light Opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter Orphée aux enfers (Orpheus in the Underworld, Opéra bouffe (or Opéra féerie in its revised version is an Operetta by Jacques Darius Milhaud (darjys mijo (September 4 1892 &ndash June 22 1974 was a French Composer and teacher Ernst Krenek ( August 23 1900 &ndash December 22 1991) was an Austrian born (and from 1945 an American) Composer Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Orpheus is a ballet made by George Balanchine on Ballet Society, which he founded together with Lincoln Kirstein and of which he was ballet master
• Orphee 53, Opera in Musique Concrete style by Pierre Henry and Pierre Schaeffer (1953)
• Mark Alburger's "Orpheus Cycle" (1982), six art songs to lipogrammatic texts of Matthew Kiell
• Harrison Birtwistle's opera The Mask of Orpheus (1986)
• Philip Glass's opera Orphée (1993). Pierre Henry (born December 9, 1927 in Paris, France) is a French composer considered a pioneer of the Musique concrète genre Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer ( August 14, 1910 &ndash August 19, 1995) was a French An art song is a Vocal music composition, usually written for one Singer with Piano or Orchestral accompaniment A lipogram (from Greek lipagrammatos, "missing letter" is a kind of Constrained writing or Word game consisting of writing paragraphs Sir Harrison Paul Birtwistle CH (born 15 July, 1934) is a British contemporary Composer. The Mask of Orpheus is an Opera with music by Harrison Birtwistle and a Libretto by Peter Zinovieff. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31
• Leslie Burrs and John A. Williams, Vanqui (2000), a retelling of the Orpheus legend set during the time of the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States
• Daron Hagen's triple concerto Orpheus and Eurydice (2006)
• Ingram Marshall, imagined how Orpheus would recall his trip to the Underworld and back to Earth: Orphic Memories (2006), a piece for the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. Daron Aric Hagen (born November 4, 1961, in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is an American Composer of Contemporary classical music Ingram Marshall (born May 10, 1942 in Mount Vernon New York) is an American Composer and a former student of Vladimir Ussachevsky The Orpheus Chamber Orchestra is a world-renowned Grammy Award-winning classical music Chamber orchestra based in New York City

Other music

• The Herd (UK band) had some chart success with their 1967 single "From The Underworld," a psychedelic arrangement and rather "heavy" autobiographical delivery heralding the schizing of "Progressive rock" music from mainstream popular chart material. The Herd were an English pop group, that came to prominence in the late 1960s Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved The lyrics concentrate on the moment of Orpheus's losing Eurydice in their flight from Hades.
• Former Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett composed in 2005 an opera for guitar and orchestra named Metamorpheus on the classical Orpheus myth
• Orpheus is a single by the band Ash from their album Meltdown
• A modernised version of the myth of Orpheus is told in Nick Cave's song The Lyre Of Orpheus from the double album Abattoir Blues/The Lyre of Orpheus
• Orpheus is a song on David Sylvian's album Secrets of the Beehive; complementarily, a later remaster of the album has the song Promise (The Cult of Eurydice)
• On his 2007 album Nightmoves, jazz artist Kurt Elling references Orpheus and Eurydice in his vocalese (lyric written for a previous instrumental solo) of Dexter Gordon's famous version of Body and Soul
• Several Rufus Wainwright songs reference Orpheus. Stephen Richard Hackett (born 12 February 1950 is a British Songwriter and Guitarist. " Orpheus " was the first single released in a physical format from the Meltdown album by the band Ash on May 3, 2004 Ash are an Alternative rock band that formed in Downpatrick, Northern Ireland in 1992 Meltdown is an album by Ash, which was initially released on May 17, 2004 through Infectious Records. Nicholas Edward Cave (born 22 September 1957 in Warracknabeal, Victoria) is an Australian Musician, Songwriter, Author Abattoir Blues/The Lyre of Orpheus is the 13th studio album released by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. David Sylvian (born David Alan Batt, 23 February 1958 in Beckenham, Kent, UK) is an English Singer, Musician Secrets of the Beehive is the third solo album of David Sylvian, which was released in 1987 Kurt Elling (born November 2, 1967) is an American Jazz Vocalist. Dexter Gordon ( February 27, 1923 – April 25, 1990) was an American Jazz Tenor saxophonist, and an Academy
• Orpheus in Red Velvet is a song on Marc Almond's album Enchanted
• Orpheus is mentioned in the Wallflowers song "Nearly Beloved"
• Orpheus is mentioned in the Spin Doctors song "Laraby's Gang"
• "The playmate sings/ Like Orphée in some thunder world" appears as a lyric in Peter Murphy's 1988 "Indigo Eyes" (Orphée, the French spelling of "Orpheus," is also the title of Jean Cocteau's famous 1950 film, referenced below, which reinterpreted the Orphic myth in then-contemporary postwar France)
• Orpheus is also mentioned in the Cruxshadows song "Cassandra"
• Eurydice, a lament for the woman of the title, is a song by Sleepthief on their album The Dawnseeker
• "Hey! Orpheus" is a song on The Make Up's collection of 7" singles titled "I Want Some"
• Italian Progressive Rock band La Maschera Di Cera's album Lux Ade contains a track entitled Orpheus
• Orpheus - The Lowdown is a multimedia collaboration by Peter Blegvad and Andy Partridge (of XTC), available as a CD in an oversize package with a lyric book illustrated by rayographs
• The myth of Orpheus and Eurydice is the inspiration for the Robert Hunter and Jerry Garcia song "Reuben and Cerise"
• Singer songwriter Warwick Lobban recounts the story of Orpheus and Eurydice in his song Pluto's Toy. Marc Almond (born Peter Mark Sinclair Almond on 9 July, 1957 in Southport, Lancashire, (now in the county of Merseyside Peter Murphy may refer to several people Peter Murphy (artist (born 1959 English Stuckist artist Peter Murphy (footballer (born Orpheus ( Orphée) is a 1950 French film directed by Jean Cocteau and starring Jean Marais. Sleepthief is an American electronic music recording project formed by producer and composer Justin Elswick Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Peter Blegvad (born 14 August 1951) is an American Musician, singer-songwriter and Cartoonist. Andrew John Partridge, born 11 November 1953 in Mtarfa, Malta, and known variously as Andy Partridge, Sir John Johns XTC was a New Wave band from Swindon, England, active between 1976 and 2005 A photogram is a photographic image made (without a Camera) by placing objects directly onto the surface of a photo-sensitive material such as photographic paper
• Orpheus and Greek Mythology are the key-themes of Gothic Kabbalah, Therion (band)'s most recent album. Therion is a Swedish Symphonic metal band founded by Christofer Johnsson in 1987
• Ivo Papazov recorded an album titled Orpheus Ascending. Ivo Papazov (Иво Папазов (born 16 February 1952 in Kardzhali) nicknamed Ibryama (bg Ибряма is a Bulgarian

Drama

• The Tennessee Williams play Orpheus Descending is a modern retelling of the Orpheus myth set in 1950s America. Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26 1911 &ndash February 25 1983 better known as Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright who received many of the top theatrical Orpheus Descending is a play by Tennessee Williams. It was first presented on Broadway in 1957 where it enjoyed a brief run with only modest
• Sarah Ruhl's play Eurydice is an interpretive retelling of the myth of Orpheus from the point of view of his wife, Eurydice. Eurydice is a play by Sarah Ruhl which retells the myth of Orpheus from the perspective of Eurydice, his wife
• Jean Anouilh's Eurydice (1941) sets the story among a troupe of performers in 1930s France. Eurydice is a play by Sarah Ruhl which retells the myth of Orpheus from the perspective of Eurydice, his wife
• Wildworks' promenade performance Souterrain is based on the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice.
• Mary Zimmerman wrote a play called The Metamorphoses, heavily based on Ovid's Metamorphoses. In the play, she tells the story of Orpheus twice, first in a way similar to Ovid, and then in a way similar to Rilke.

Film

• Orphée, directed by Jean Cocteau (1949)
• Black Orpheus (Orfeu Negro), directed by Marcel Camus (1959), from the play Orfeu da Conceição by Brazilian poet Vinicius de Moraes; retells the story during the Rio de Janeiro carnival
• Orfeu, directed by Carlos Diegues (1999), essentially a remake of Black Orpheus. Orpheus ( Orphée) is a 1950 French film directed by Jean Cocteau and starring Jean Marais. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Black Orpheus ( Orfeu Negro in Portuguese) is a Film made in Brazil by French director Marcel Camus. Marcel Camus ( April 21, 1912 - January 13, 1982) was a French Film director. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vinicius de Moraes, nicknamed O Poetinha (the little poet ( October 19, 1913 - July 9, 1980) born Marcus Vinicius da Cruz Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Orfeu is a 1999 Brazilian film by direct by Carlos Diegues based on the play Orfeu da Conceição by Vinicius de Moraes. Carlos Diegues, also known as Cacá Diegues, (born May 19, 1940 in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil) is a Brazilian Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)
• Moulin Rouge!, the film directed by Baz Luhrmann (2001), is, among other things, a take on the idea of the power of music. This article is about the 2001 Motion picture. For other uses see Moulin Rouge (disambiguation Moulin Rouge! is a 2001 Musical film Baz Luhrmann (born Mark Anthony Luhrmann on 17 September 1962 is an Oscar and Golden Globe -nominated Australian Film director, Screenwriter It draws on the Orpheus myth via the operetta Orpheus in the Underworld by Jacques Offenbach, at least according to the writer's/director's DVD commentary. Orphée aux enfers (Orpheus in the Underworld, Opéra bouffe (or Opéra féerie in its revised version is an Operetta by Jacques Jacques Offenbach (born Jacob Offenbach 20 June 1819 in Cologne &ndash 5 October 1880 in Paris) was a German
• Orpheus directed byJoel T. Rose, 2005.
• The truth about Orpheus, directed by Stilyan Ivanov (2008), The film tells the story about the most famous singer of the Antiquity – Orpheus and it gives the answers to the questions: Who is Orpheus? Where did he live? And when? Who taught him? And why was he killed. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
• Vincent Ward's What Dreams May Come alludes heavily to the Orpheus myth

Novels

• The myth of Orpheus was retold in The Sandman comic books by Neil Gaiman, where he is recast as the son of the titular character. For the New Zealand politician see Vincent Ward Vincent Ward, ONZM (born 16 February 1956 is a Film director and What Dreams May Come is a 1978 novel by Richard Matheson. The plot centers on Chris a man who dies and goes to Heaven, but eventually descends The Sandman is a Comic book series written by Neil Gaiman and published in the United States by the DC Comics imprint Vertigo Neil Richard Gaiman (ˈgeɪmən (born November 10, 1960) is an English author of Science fiction and Fantasy short stories and
• It is retold in the Hugo and Nebula-winning novella, Goat Song by Poul Anderson. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction Poul William Anderson ( November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American Science fiction author who wrote during a Golden
• Russell Hoban's "The Medusa Frequency" alludes heavily to the Orpheus myth. Russell Conwell Hoban (born February 4, 1925) is an American writer of Fantasy, Science fiction, mainstream Fiction, In fact, the head of Orpheus is a central character, albeit inside another character's mind.
• Thomas Pynchon's novel "Gravity's Rainbow" uses the Orpheus myth as one structure, with Slothrop as Orpheus and postwar Germany as Hades. Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr (born May 8 1937 is an American writer based in New York City, noted for his dense and complex works of Fiction. Gravity's Rainbow is an epic postmodern novel written by Thomas Pynchon and first published on February 28 1973. There are many references to the afterlife in Slothrop's "descent" into the continent, the yacht the Anubis being one example. Anubis is the Greek name for a Jackal -headed god associated with Mummification and the afterlife in Egyptian mythology.
• The King Must Die, the first of Mary Renault's novelizations of the life of Theseus, features a unnamed master-bard who performs at the court in Troizen. For the song by Elton John, see The King Must Die (song The King Must Die is a 1958 Bildungsroman and Historical Mary Renault (pronounced Ren-olt ( 4 September 1905 – 13 December 1983) born Mary Challans, was an English Writer For other uses see Theseus (disambiguation Theseus (Θησεύς was a Legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered He regales his audience with stories of wide travels, including reference to great stone structures in Britain. Later, Theseus hears he has been killed in Thrace, and a tomb erected to his honor.
• Salman Rushdie used the Orpheus and Eurydice narrative as a mythic underpinning to the magical realist novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet (see also the song of the same name recorded by U2 with lyrics provided by Rushdie). Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie Kt (born 19 June 1947 is an Indian - British novelist and essayist Magic realism, or magical realism, is an artistic Genre in which magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or even "normal" A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The Ground Beneath Her Feet is a Novel written by Salman Rushdie.
• In Fred Saberhagen's short story "Stardust", part of his Berserkers collection of science-fiction shorts, the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice is retold through his setting of war-torn galactic future. Fred Thomas Saberhagen ( May 18, 1930 &ndash June 29, 2007) was a Chicago -born American Science fiction and Fantasy The Berserker series of Science fiction short stories by Fred Saberhagen (1930-2007 is a variety of Space opera in which robotic Self-replicating
• Janette Turner Hospital uses the Orpheus myth, and refers to Orpheus-inspired music by Gluck and Beethoven, in her 2007 novel, Orpheus Lost. Janette Turner Hospital (née Turner) (born 12 November 1942) is an Australian -born Novelist and Short story Writer
• Grace Andreacchi uses the Orpheus myth as the centre of her novel Poetry and Fear (2001). Grace Andreacchi (born 3 December, 1954) is a US -born author known for her blend of poetic language and Modernism with a Post-modernist
• The British novelist Jonathan Coe employs the Orpheus myth in his 1994 novel What A Carve-Up! whose principal character, the struggling writer Michael Owen, is obsessed by the myth in the form of the film Orphee by Jean Cocteau. Jonathan Coe, born 19 August 1961 in Birmingham, is a British novelist and writer Orpheus ( Orphée) is a 1950 French film directed by Jean Cocteau and starring Jean Marais. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Owen is also obsessed by a single scene in the British film comedy that gives Coe's novel its title, in which a timid male character attempts to resist the temptation to glance at the body of a naked woman in a mirror. This scene is deemed to have an Orphean character in terms of the character's desire to gaze openly at that which is forbidden. Owen's obsession with mirrors and screens, that are derived more from Cocteau than from the original myth, are important to the novel's political themes.
• In John Banville's The Sea, the narrator describes himself as a "lyreless Orpheus," presumably incapable of expressing internal emotions deriving from his lover's death. John Banville (born 1945 is an Irish Novelist and Journalist. (18)
• Orphée L'Enchanteur (a French book) written by Guy Jimenes is the story of Orpheus and his love, loss, and death.
• Samuel Delany's Nebula award winning novel The Einstein Intersection (1966/67) is heavily based on the Orpheus myth and can be considered a science fiction retelling of the story. Samuel Ray Delany Jr (born April 1, 1942, New York City) is an award-winning American Science fiction The Einstein Intersection is a 1967 Science fiction Novel by Samuel R

Orpheus in astronomy

Further information: Giant impact hypothesis

In planetary science, Orpheus refers to a proto-planet (also called Theia or Hephaestus) that collided with Earth early in the solar system's history, forming the Moon.

Spoken-word myths - audio files

Orpheus myths as told by story tellers
1. Orpheus and the Thracians, read by Timothy Carter, music by Steve Gorn, compiled by Andrew Calimach
Bibliography of reconstruction: Pindar, Pythian Odes, 4. Pindar (ˈpɪndɚ (or Pindarus, Greek:) (probably born 522 BC in Cynoscephalae a village in Boeotia; died 443 BC in Argos) was an Ancient 176 (462 BC); Roman marble bas-relief, copy of a Greek original from the late 5th c. (c. 420 BC); Aristophanes, The Frogs 1032 (c. Aristophanes (Ἀριστοφάνης ˌærɪˈstɒfəniːz in English ca 400 BC); Phanocles, Erotes e Kaloi, 15 (3rd c. Phanocles, Greek elegiac Poet, probably flourished about the time of Alexander the Great. BC); Apollonios Rhodios, Argonautika, i. 2 (c. 250 BC); Apollodorus, Library and Epitome 1. 3. 2 (140 BC); Diodorus Siculus, Histories I. 23, I. 96, III. 65, IV. 25 (1st c. BC); Conon, Narrations, 45 (50 - 1 BC); Virgil, Georgics, IV. Conon ( Greek: Κόνων) was an Athenian general at the end of the Peloponnesian War, in charge during the decisive loss of the navy at the Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or The Georgics, published in 29 BCE, is the second major work by the Latin poet Virgil. 456 (37 - 30 BC); Horace, Odes, I. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, ( Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC known in the English-speaking world as Horace 12; Ars Poetica 391-407 (23 BC); Ovid, Metamorphoses X. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including 1-85, XI. 1-65 (AD 8); Seneca, Hercules Furens 569 (1st c. Lucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca, or Seneca the Younger; Σένεκας in Ancient Greek literature (c AD); Hyginus, Poetica Astronomica II. Gaius Julius Hyginus (ca 64 BC &ndash AD 17 was a Latin author but whether a native of Spain or of Alexandria is not sure a pupil of the famous 7 Lyre (2st c. AD); Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus 30. 2, 9. 30. 4, 10. 7. 2 (AD 143 - 176); Anonymous, The Clementine Homilies, Homily V Chapter XV. -Unnatural Lusts (c. AD 400); Anonymous, Orphic Argonautica (5th c. AD); Stobaeus, Anthologium (c. Joannes Stobaeus ( Greek: Στοβαῖος so called from his native place Stobi in North Macedonia (Roman province, was the compiler of a valuable series AD 450); Second Vatican Mythographer, 44. The Vatican Mythographer ( Mythographus Vaticanus) a major Orpheus

Orpheus in Pop Culture

• In the comic The Sandman, Orpheus appears as the son of Dream. The Sandman is a Comic book series written by Neil Gaiman and published in the United States by the DC Comics imprint Vertigo Dream is the fictional Protagonist of DC Comics ' Vertigo Comic book series The Sandman, written by Neil
• Orpheus appears as the main Protagonist's first usable Persona in the video game Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3 using his music as attacks and his harp as a weapon. is the third Video game in the Persona console RPG series The game was developed and published by Atlus for the Sony PlayStation 2 When the main character first summons Thanatos, Orpheus is killed by him from having his body ripped apart and his head being removed first. Orpheus can't speak through his mouth but uses a speaker to talk.
• In the film Amadeus, Mozart asks which of his colleagues would rather listen to his hairdresser than Orpheus. Amadeus is a 1984 drama directed by Miloš Forman. Based on Peter Shaffer 's stage play Amadeus, the film Mozart goes on to say that Orpheus has a voice so lofty he sounds as if he shits marble.
• "Orpheus" is one of the achievements in Halo 3; namely completing the mission Cortana with 15000 points. Halo 3 is a First-person shooter Video game developed by Bungie exclusively for the Xbox 360. This is most likely a reference to Orpheus rescuing Eurydice from death (ie Gravemind. Gravemind is a Fictional character featured in the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3.
• Orpheus is the last name of the tenants in the west wing of the venture compound in the series The Venture Brothers. The Venture Bros (alternatively The Venture Brothers) is an American Animated television series airing as part of Adult Swim
• The Lyre of Orpheus is a 2004 album by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, a companion to Abbatoir Blues. Nicholas Edward Cave (born 22 September 1957 in Warracknabeal, Victoria) is an Australian Musician, Songwriter, Author Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds are an Australian rock band with multinational personnel fronted by Nick Cave.
• Orpheus is given a nod in Masami Kurumada's "Saint Seiya: Hades Chapter" in the form of Silver Saint Lyra Orphée, an exceptional musician who was able to charm the anime counterpart of Hades into giving back the soul of his Eurydice. also known as Knights of the Zodiac, is a Manga series authored by Masami Kurumada, and later adapted to Anime. is a character from the Saint Seiya manga series authored by Masami Kurumada and later adapted to anime But similarly to the Orpheus of myth, Orphée was tricked and lost the chance to bring his beloved back to the land of the living, choosing to stay with Eurydice as a Saint under the command of Hades.
• In Hercules: The Animated Series, Orpheus, voiced by Richard Simmons, is a widely popular singer, which appears in the episode "Hercules and the Prom" disputed by both Hercules (to play in his prom), and Hades (to make a show in the Underworld). Hercules The Animated Series is an animated series based on the Disney 's 1997 feature film and the Greek myth. Milton Teagle Simmons (born July 12, 1948) Simmons was raised in the French Quarter of New Orleans Louisiana, and attended Cor Jesu High Hercules is a Fictional character who first appeared as the 1997 film of the same name and later in the midquel television series of the same name Hades, voiced by James Woods, is the Villain in the 1997 movie Hercules, based on the Greek god Hades.
• The popular tv series Pushing Daisies is also quite similar to the Orpheus/Eurydice myth. Pushing Daisies is an American Television Dramedy created by Bryan Fuller.
• "Orpheus" is a song by The Walker Brothers from their 1968 album "Images". The Walker Brothers were a 1960s and 1970s Pop group, originally a Rock band, founded by three Californians who became most successful in the UK.
• In Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Orpheus is a worshiper of the god Bacchus and possesses a special lyre given by his god. The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later
• In the manga and OVA of Angel Sanctuary. is a Manga and Anime series created by Kaori Yuki. This 20-volume series was originally serialized in Hakusensha 's Hana to Yume It saids that Setsuna Mudo is doing the same thing as Orpheus, as he goes into Hades to get his sister Sara Mudo's soul back, so he be in the world with the one he truly loves.
• Title of Angel Season 4 episode

References

• Ovid, Metamorphoses X, 1-105; XI, 1-66;
• Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke I, iii, 2; ix, 16 & 25;
• Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica I, 23- 34; IV, 891-909. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem The Bibliotheca (in English: Library) in three books provides a grand summary of traditional Greek mythology and heroic Legends The Argonautica ( Greek:) is a Greek Epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BCE.
• Albertus Bernabé (ed. ), Orphicorum et Orphicis similium testimonia et fragmenta. Poetae Epici Graeci. Pars II. Fasc. 1. Bibliotheca Teubneriana, München/Leipzig: K. G. Saur, 2004. ISBN 3-598-71707-5. review of this book
• Calimach, Andrew (2002). Andrew Calimach (1953—) is a Romanian-American author He is a matrilineal descendant of the Callimachi noble family of Moldavia and is known for his Lovers' Legends: The Gay Greek Myths. New Rochelle: Haiduk Press.  
• William Keith Chambers Guthrie, Orpheus and Greek Religion: a Study of the Orphic Movement, 1935.
• Kerenyi, Karl (1959). One of the founders of modern studies in Greek mythology, Károly (Carl Karl Kerényi ( January 19, 1897 &ndash April 14 1973 The Heroes of the Greeks. New York/London: Thames and Hudson.  
• Clifford H. Moore, Religious Thought of the Greeks, 1916.
• Erwin Rohde, Psyche, 1925. cf. Chapter 10, The Orphics.
• Sergent, Bernard (1986). Bernard Sergent (born in 1946 is a French ancient historian and comparative mythologist. Homosexuality in Greek Myth. Boston: Beacon Press.  
• William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1870, article on Orpheus, [2]
• The Mystical Hymns of Orpheus (tr. Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1849 originally published 1844 under a slightly different title is an Encyclopedia / Biographical dictionary Thomas Taylor), 1896. Thomas Taylor ( 15 May 1758 - 1 November 1835) was an English translator and Neoplatonist the first to translate into English [3]
• Martin Litchfield West, The Orphic Poems, 1983. Martin Litchfield West (born 23 September 1937, London, England) is an internationally recognised scholar in Classics, Classical There is a sub-thesis in this work that early Greek religion was heavily influenced by Central Asian shamanistic practices. One major point of contact was the ancient Crimean city of Olbia.
• Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Orpheus, a sonnet about his trip to the underworld. Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (May 23 1810 – July 19 1850 was a Journalist, Critic and Women's rights activist associated with the American

External links

• Greek Mythology Link, Orpheus
• Theoi Project: online text: The Orphic Hymns translated by Thomas Taylor
• The Story of Orpheus.
• Orphica in English and Greek, Select Resources
• Kz department of antiquities in Greece,Leibethra
• Leibethra,The Tomb of Orpheus

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic