Ornithurans Fossil range: Early Cretaceous – Recent
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Aves (unranked) Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866
Daughter clades
Varies by definition, see text. The Early Cretaceous ( timestratigraphic name or the Lower Cretaceous ( logstratigraphic name is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel ( February 16, 1834 — August 9, 1919)also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor

Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is the name of a natural group of birds coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel ( February 16, 1834 — August 9, 1919)also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German Haeckel included in the group all "true birds" with the "characteristic tail morphology of all extant birds" (translation by Gauthier). This distinguishes the group from Archaeopteryx, which Haeckel placed in another new group called Sauriurae. Archaeopteryx, sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird" is the earliest and most primitive Bird Sauriurae (meaning "lizard tails" in Greek) is a now-deprecated subclass of Birds created by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 Said simply, modern birds have short tails, while Archaeopteryx has a long tail like that of theropod dinosaurs. Theropods (ˈθɪərəpɒd theropoda /θiːˈrɒpədə/ 'beast feet' are a group of Bipedal Saurischian Dinosaurs Although they were primarily ^[1]

Gauthier converted Ornithurae into a clade, defining it as a stem-based taxon; "extant birds and all other taxa, such as Ichthyornis and Hesperornithes, that are closer to extant birds than is Archaeopteryx". A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Ichthyornis is a Genus of Seabird from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized Clade of Cretaceous toothed Birds Hesperornithine birds apparently limited to former aquatic habitats Archaeopteryx, sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird" is the earliest and most primitive Bird This clade includes the first panavian with a "bird tail", and all of its descendants. Panaves (meaning "all birds" in Latin) is a Clade of advanced Archosaurs coined by Jacques Gauthier in 1986 He defined "bird tail" as; a tail that is shorter than the femur, with a pygostyle that is a ploughshare - shaped, compressed, element, with the bones fused in the adult, composed of less than six caudal vertebrae, and shorter than the free part of the tail, which itself is composed of less than eight caudal vertebrae. Pope's nose redirects here It may also refer to the license plate light on early Volkswagen Beetles Pygostyle refers to a number of the In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species

Gauthier included in Ornithurae Aves (which he defines as the "crown group" of modern birds, alternately Neornithes), Ichthyornis, Hesperornithes, and Apsaravis. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Modern birds (subclass Neornithes) are the members of class Aves that have survived into recent times and have coexisted with Humans Modern birds are Apsaravis is a Mesozoic Bird Genus from the Late Cretaceous. The single known species Apsaravis ukhaana

Neornithes was originally proposed as a replacement for Ornithurae by Gadow in 1892 and 1893. Gauthier, therefore, considers Neornithes a junior synonym for Ornithurae^[2], though many other scientists use Neornithes to refer to the much more restrictive crown group consisting only of modern birds (a group for which Gauthier uses the name Aves). Alternately, some researchers have used Ornithurae to refer to a much more restrictive, node-based clade, anchored on Hesperornis, Ichthyornis, and modern birds. Hesperornis is an extinct Genus of flightless aquatic Birds that lived during the Santonian to Campanian sub-epochs of the ^[3]

Clarke at al. (2006) found that Yixianornis, Songlingornis, and Yanornis, form an unnamed clade which is the most basal group in the Ornithurae (following the restrictive definition; alternately, Ornithuromorpha). Yixianornis (meaning bird of the Yixian Formation) is a Bird Genus from the Early Cretaceous. Songlingornis is a prehistoric Bird Genus from the Early Cretaceous. Yanornis was an Early Cretaceous Bird, thought to be closely related to the common ancestor of all modern birds Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is the name of a natural group of Birds coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 They found that this group has a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These three taxa retain primitive features like gastralia and a pubic symphysis. Gastralia (singular gastralium) are Dermal bones found in the ventral body wall of Crocodilian and Sphenodon species The pubic symphysis is the midline cartilaginous Joint (secondary cartilaginous uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones. They also show the first fully modern pygostyles, and the type specimen of Yixianornis (IVPP 13631) preserves eight elongated rectrices in a modern arrangement. Pope's nose redirects here It may also refer to the license plate light on early Volkswagen Beetles Pygostyle refers to a number of the Flight feathers are the long stiff asymmetrically shaped but symmetrically paired Feathers on the Wings or Tail of a Bird; those on the No lower pygostylians are known which preserve a fan of rectrices of this sort; instead they show only paired plumes or a tuft of short feathers. Pygostylia is a group of birds which includes Confuciusornis and all of the more derived birds the Ornithothoraces. ^[4]

References

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