Orlov (Орлóв) is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The family first gained distinction in the person of four Orlov brothers, of whom the senior was Catherine the Great's paramour, and the two junior were notable military commanders. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years
Contents |
Orlov brothers
Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov
Count Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov (1734-1783), who created for his family such an illustrious Russian history, was the son of Gregory Orlov, governor of Great Novgorod. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod He was educated in the corps of cadets at St Petersburg, began his military career in the Seven Years' War, and was wounded at Zorndorf. This article refers to the general definition of cadet A Cadet may also be a member of the Cadets, a historical Russian Political party. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The Battle of Zorndorf was a Battle fought on August 25, 1758 during the Seven Years' War. While serving in the capital as an artillery officer he caught the fancy of Grand Duchess Catherine Alekseyevna, and was the leader of the conspiracy which resulted in the dethronement and death of her husband Peter III (1762). Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Peter III ( February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Пётр III Фëдорович Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor
After the event, Catherine raised him to the rank of count and made him adjutant-general, director-general of engineers and general-in-chief. Their illegitimate son, Aleksey, was born in 1762 and named after the village of Bobriki where he lived; from him descends the line of Counts Bobrinskoy. Novomoskovsk (Новомоско́вск called Bobriki (ru Бо́брики before 1934 and Stalinogorsk (ru Сталиного́рск between 1934 and Counts Bobrinsky or Bobrinskoy ( Бобринские) are a Russian noble family descending from Catherine the Great 's natural son by Count Orlov's influence became paramount after the discovery of the Khitrovo plot to murder the whole Orlov family. At one time the empress thought of marrying her favorite, but the plan was frustrated by her influential advisor Nikita Panin. Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin (Ники́та Ива́нович Па́нин () was an influential Russian statesman and political mentor to Catherine the Great
Gregory Orlov was no statesman, but he had a quick wit, a fairly accurate appreciation of current events, and was a useful and sympathetic counsellor during the earlier portion of Catherine's reign. He entered with enthusiasm, both from patriotic and from economical motives, into the question of the improvement of the condition of the serfs and their partial emancipation. As the President of the Free Economic Society, he was also their most prominent advocate in the great commission of 1767, though he aimed primarily at pleasing the empress, who affected great liberality in her earlier years. Free Economic Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture and Husbandry (Вольное экономическое общество was Russia 's first Learned society Nakaz, or Instruction of Catherine the Great ( Наказ комиссии о составлении проекта нового уложения) Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
He was one of the earliest propagandists of the Slavophile idea of the emancipation of the Christians from the Ottoman yoke. A Slavophile is an intellectual movement originating from 19th century that wanted the Russian Empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish In 1771 he was sent as first Russian plenipotentiary to the peace congress of Focşani; but he failed in his mission, owing partly to the obstinacy of the Ottomans, and partly (according to Panin) to his own outrageous insolence. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Focşani (/fok'ʃanʲ/ Fokschan Foksány is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the shores the Milcov river. On returning without permission to his Marble Palace at St Petersburg, he found himself superseded in the empress's favor by the younger . Marble Palace or Mramornyi Dvorets was one of the first Neoclassical Palaces in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
In order to rekindle Catherine's affection, Grigory presented to her one of the greater diamonds of the world, known ever since as the Orlov Diamond. The Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff) is a large Diamond that is part of the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. When Grigory Potemkin, in 1771, superseded Vasil'chikov, Orlov became of no account at court and went abroad for some years. He returned to Russia a few months previously to his death, which took place at Moscow in 1780. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For some time before his death he was out of his mind. Late in life he married his niece, Madame Zinovyeva, but left no children by that marriage.
Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov
Count Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov (1737–1808), brother of the above, was by far the ablest member of the Orlov countly family, and was also remarkable for his athletic strength and dexterity. In the palace revolution of 1762 he played an even more important part than his brother Gregory. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was he who conveyed Peter III to the chateau of Ropsha and murdered him there with his own hands. Ropsha (Ропша is a settlement and a nearest suburban region in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated about 20 km south of Peterhof and
In 1770 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the fleet sent against the Turks, whose far superior navy he annihilated at Chesme, a victory which led to the so-called Orlov Revolt and conquest of the Greek archipelago. The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5 - 7 July 1770 near and in Çeşme (Chesma Bay in the area between Asia Minor The Orlov Revolt ( 1770) was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence ( 1821) which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at For this exploit he received, in 1774, the honorific epithet Chesmensky, and the privilege of quartering the imperial arms in his shield. A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation
The same year, on Catherine's request, he went to Livorno to seduce and bring to Russia the so-called Princess Tarakanova, who proclaimed herself daughter of Empress Elizabeth. "Leghorn" redirects here For the breed of chicken see Leghorn chicken. Yelizaveta Alekseyevna Tarakanova (1753 &ndash) was a pretender to the Russian throne who also styled herself Knyaginya Vladimirskaya (Princess of Vladimir Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( Having succeeded in this unusual commission, he went into retirement and settled at Moscow. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
There he devoted himself to horse breeding, and produced the "finest race of horses" then known, the Orlov Trotter, by crossing Arabian Horses with the heavier but lively Friesian and with tall, swift English racing stallions. Horse breeding refers to reproduction in Horses and particularly the human-directed process of Selective breeding of animals particularly Purebred The Orlov Trotter (also known as Orlov Russian: орловский рысак is a Horse breed with a hereditary fast Trot, noted The Arabian horse is a breed of Horse with a reputation for Intelligence, spirit and stamina In the war with Napoleon during 1806-07, Orlov commanded the militia of the fifth district, which was placed on a war footing almost entirely at his own expense. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions He left an estate worth five millions roubles and 30,000 serfs.
The other Counts Orlov
The oldest and least notable of four Orlov's brothers was Ivan Grigoryevich Orlov (1733-1791). Year 1733 ( MDCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After his father's death in 1746 he became the head of the family; all Orlov brothers looked upon him and respected him as their father. Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He led a modest life and managed the Orlovs' estates. Even after the palace revolution of 1762, when the Orlovs became counts and got enormous fortune, he apparently refused any state career and titles and continued to live in Moscow and the Orlovs' estates. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
The fourth Orlov brother was Count Fyodor Grigoryevich (1741-1796), Russian general, who first distinguished himself in the Seven Years' War. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths He participated with his elder brothers in the coup d'etat of 1762, after which he was appointed chief procurator of the Governing Senate. Procurator (прокурор prokuror) is an office initially created by Peter The Great, the first Emperor of the Russian Empire, in an effort The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат was a legislative judicial and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instated by Peter the Great During the first Turkish War of Catherine II he served under Admiral Spiridov, and was one of the first to break through the Turkish line of battle at Chesme. The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Grigory Andreyevich Spiridov (Григорий Андреевич Спиридов (1713 -, Moscow was a leading Russian naval commander and Admiral (1769 Subsequently, at Hydra, he put to flight eighteen Turkish vessels. These exploits were, by the order of Catherine, commemorated by a triumphal column, crowned with naval trophies, erected at Tsarskoe Selo. The picturesque Chesme Column (Чесменская колонна in Tsarskoye Selo commemorates three Russian naval victories in the Russo-Turkish War 1768-1774 Tsarskoye Selo (Ца́рское Село́ " Tsar 's Village" is a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting In 1775 he retired from the public service. Orlov was never married, but had five natural children, whom Catherine ennobled and legitimatized, as may be seen below.
The youngest Orlov brother was Count Vladimir Grigorievich (1743-1831). He was just 19 when his elder brothers came to power, and they deemed it wise to send him to the Leipzig University. The University of Leipzig (Universität Leipzig located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities Although his education was spasmodic at best, the Empress appointed him President of the Russian Academy of Sciences upon his return four years later. The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National His ignorance of Latin led him to expel the language from the Academy; it was replaced with German, in which he was fairly fluent. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. On this account, he came to patronize German scientists such as Peter Simon Pallas and invited many of them to Russia. Peter Simon Pallas ( September 22, 1741, Berlin — September 8, 1811, Berlin) was a German Zoologist In 1767 he accompanied Catherine II during her journey along the Volga, documenting it in a journal. After his brother fell into disgrace, Vladimir was fired from his post and retired to his villages.
He had several daughters, one of them a wife of Nikita Petrovich Panin, and a son - Count Grigory Vladimirovich (1777 – 22 June 1826) - who predeceased his father. Count Nikita Petrovich Panin (Russian Ники́та Петро́вич Па́нин (1770 - 1837 a famous Russian diplomat vice-chancellor State Chancellor 6 Oct 1799 - Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Like him, Grigory the Younger devoted himself to the sciences. In November 1799 he married Countess Anna Saltykova, left Russia and traveled in France, Italy and Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation While living in Paris, Orlov translated into French some fables by Ivan Krylov. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в ( February 13, 1769 - November 21, 1844) is Russia's best known After the death of his wife, Count Orlov returned to Russia. His chief works are Mémoirs historiques, politiques et littéraires sur le Royaume de Naples, translated into German, English and Italian, and embracing the History of Lower Italy from the earliest times until 1820; Histoire des Arts en Italie, the two volumes of which treat of music, the others of painting; Voyages dans une Partie de la France, ou Lettres descriptives et historiques (Paris, 1824). Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city From 25 January 1809 he was an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская Академия Наук Rossi'iskaya Akade'miya Nau'k, shortened to PAH RAN) consists of the National All of his three sons were born out of wedlock.
Princes Orlov
Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov
Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov (1787-1862), the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich, was born October 8 (October 19, 1786 New Style) in Moscow and took part in all the Napoleonic wars from 1805 to the capture of Paris. Gatchina (Га́тчина is a city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 45 km south of St Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city For his services as commander of the cavalry regiment of the Life Guards on the occasion of the rebellion of 1825 he was created a count, and in the Turkish War of 1828–1829 rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin The Russo–Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the It is from this time that the brilliant diplomatic career of Orlov begins. He was the Russian plenipotentiary at the Peace of Adrianople, and in 1833 was appointed Russian ambassador at Constantinople, holding at the same time the post of commander-in-chief of the Black Sea fleet. The Peace Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War 1828-1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey He was, indeed, one of the most trusty agents of Nicholas I, whom in 1837 he accompanied on his foreign tour. From 1844 to 1856 he was in charge of the infamous Third Section, or secret police. The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ( Russian: Tretiye Otdeleniye, or III отделение собственной Е
In 1854 he was sent to Vienna to bring Austria over to the side of Russia, but without success. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich In 1856 he was one of the plenipotentiaries who concluded the peace of Paris. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France The same year he was raised to the dignity of prince, and was appointed president of the imperial council of state and of the council of ministers. Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages, denoting a Nobility rank The State Council ("Государственный Совет" was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia. In 1857, during the absence of the emperor, he presided over the commission formed to consider the question of the emancipation of the serfs, to which he was altogether hostile. The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms affected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. He died May 9 (May 21) 1862 in St. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Petersburg.
Other Princes Orlov
His only son, Prince Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov (1827-1885), was a distinguished Russian diplomatist and author. He first adopted a military career, and was seriously wounded in the Crimean War. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought Subsequently he entered the diplomatic service, and represented Russia successively at Brussels (1860-1870), Paris (1870-1882) and Berlin (1882-1885). Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. As a publicist he stood in the forefront of reform. His articles on corporal punishment, which appeared in Russkaya Starina in 1881, brought about its abolition. Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain intended to Punish a person or change his/her behavior Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He also advocated tolerance towards the dissenters.
Prince Alexey Fyodorovich also had a brother, Mikhail Fyodorovich Orlov (1788-1842), who took a most active part in the Napoleonic wars and received the rank of general-major upon returning to Russia in 1814. A friend of Alexander Pushkin and convinced liberal himself, he now concentrated his attention on the projects for emancipation of the serfs and introduction of republican government in Russia. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Since 1818, he was in charge of the Kishinev section of the Decembrist society. Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. After the revolt failed, he was arrested but presently released on bail, through his brother's mediation. Thereupon he settled in Moscow and published a pioneering study of the state credit. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
See also
External links
The Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff) is a large Diamond that is part of the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. The Orlov Trotter (also known as Orlov Russian: орловский рысак is a Horse breed with a hereditary fast Trot, noted Marble Palace or Mramornyi Dvorets was one of the first Neoclassical Palaces in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Gatchina (Га́тчина is a city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 45 km south of StDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic