- This article is about the French city of Orléans; for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation).
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Commune of Orléans |
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| Country | France | |
| Region | Centre (capital) | |
| Department | Loiret (préfecture) | |
| Arrondissement | Orléans | |
| Canton | Chief town of 6 cantons | |
| Intercommunality | Agglomération Orléans Val de Loire | |
| Mayor | Serge Grouard (UMP) (2001-2008) |
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| Statistics | ||
| Elevation | 90 m–124 m (avg. The Loire River (lwaʁ in French) is the longest River in France. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Centre is one of the 26 regions of France, located towards the northwest of the actual centre of the country In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Loiret is a department in north-central France named after the Loiret River. A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Orléans is an arrondissement of France located in the Loiret département, in the Centre région The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 116 m) |
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| Land area¹ | 27. 48 km² | |
| Population² (1999) |
113,126 | |
| - Density | 4,117/km² (1999) | |
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| INSEE/Postal code | 45234/ 45000 | |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open | ||
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E | ||
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Orléans is a city and commune in north-central France, about 130 km (80 miles) southwest of Paris. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city It is the préfecture (capital) of the Loiret département and of the Centre région. A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Loiret is a department in north-central France named after the Loiret River. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Centre is one of the 26 regions of France, located towards the northwest of the actual centre of the country France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Population (1999): 113,126.
New Orleans (originally La Nouvelle-Orléans) is named after the city of Orléans. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana
It is located on Loire River where it curves south towards the Massif Central. The Loire River (lwaʁ in French) is the longest River in France. The Massif Central ( Occitan: Massís Central / Massís Centrau) is an elevated region in south-central France, consisting of Mountains and
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Geography
Orléans is located in the septentrional bend of the Loire, which crosses from east to west. Loire ( Arpitan: Lêre, Occitan: Léger) is an administrative department in the east-central part of France occupying the Orléans belongs to the vallée de la Loire sector between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes-sur-Loire, which was in 2000 inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. Sully-sur-Loire is a commune of the Loiret département in France. Chalonnes-sur-Loire is a commune of the Maine-et-Loire département in France. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The capital of Orléanais, 120 kilomètres south-south-west of Paris, she is bordered to the north by de la Source quarter of Sologne, and to the south by Beauce and the forêt d'Orléans. Orléanais is a former Province of France, around the cities of Orléans, Chartres, and Blois. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Sologne ( Secalaunia from Lat secale, Rye) a region of north-central France extending over portions of the départements Beauce is a natural region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers
Five bridges in the town cross the river :
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- Pont de l'Europe
- Pont du Maréchal Joffre (also called pont Neuf)
- Pont George-V (also called pont Royal), carrying the city tramway
- Pont René-Thinat
- Pont de Vierzon (rail bridge)
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To the north of the Loire (on the rive droite) is to be found a small hill (102m at the pont Georges-V, 110m at the place du Martroi) which gently rises to 125m at la Croix Fleury, at the limits of Fleury-les-Aubrais. Fleury-les-Aubrais is a commune in the département of Loiret and the Centre region of France
Conversely, the south (on the rive gauche) has a gentle depression to about 95 m above sea level (at Saint-Marceau) between the Loire and the Loiret, designated a "zone inondable" (flood-risk zone). Depression in Geology is a Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area
At the end of the 1960s the Orléans-la-Source quarter was created, 12km to the south of the original city and separated from it by the Val d'Orléans and the Loiret River (whose source is in the Parc floral de La Source). The Loiret River, in France, is a 12 km long left tributary to the Loire River. This quarter's altitude varues from about 100 to 110m.
Orléans is an autoroute intersection : the A10 (linking Paris to Bordeaux) links to the city outskirts, and A71 (whose bridge over the Loire is outside the city limits) begins here, heading for the Mediterranean via Clermont-Ferrand (where it becomes the A75). The A10, also called L'Aquitaine, is an Autoroute in France, running from the A6 south of Paris to the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate The A71 autoroute is a motorway in central France. It is also called the l'Arverne. Clermont-Ferrand ( Auvergnat dialect of Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe) is a city and commune of France
The Loire and navigation
In Orléans, the Loire is separated by a submerged dike known as the dhuis into the Grande Loire to the north, no longer navigable, and the Petite Loire to the south. LeveeEmbankmentDitch A dike (or dyke) levee, levée, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial This dike is just one part of a vast system of construction that previously allowed the Loire to remain navigable.
The Loire was formerly an important navigation and trading route, but now large ships can only navigate the estaury up to about Nantes. Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast
Boats on the river were traditionally flat-bottomed boats, with large but foldable masts to gather wind from above the river banks but also to allow them to pass under bridges - they are known as gabarre, futreau, and so on, still on view for tourists near pont Royal.
The river's irregular flow strongly limits traffic on it, in particular at its ascent, though this can be overcome by boats being given a tow.
An "Inexplosible"-type paddle steamer owned by the mairie was put in place in August 2007, facing place de la Loire and containing a bar.
Every two years, the Festival de Loire recalls the role played by the river in the city's history.
Joined to it, on the river's north bank near the town centre, is the canal d'Orléans, which rejoins the river at Montargis but is no longer used along its whole length. Montargis is a commune of the Loiret département in France. The town is located about 110 km south of Paris and 70km east Its route within Orléans runs parallel to the river, separated from it by a wall or muret, with a promenade along the top. Its last pound was transformed into an outdoor swimming pool in the 1960s, then filled in. A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two Canal locks Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent where two or more immediately adjacent locks It was reopened in 2007 for the "fêtes de Loire", with the intention of reviving it and installing a pleasure-boat port there.
History
- See also fr:Histoire d'Orléans.
Prehistory and Roman
- See also Cenabum. Cenabum or Genabum was the name of an Oppidum of the Carnutes tribe situated on the site of what is now Orléans.
Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. The Carnutes ( Latin Carnuti) a powerful Celtic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in a particularly extensive territory between A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire. Year 52 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The emperor Aurelian refounded the city, renaming it "city of Aurelian" (cité d'Aurélien), which evolved into Orléans. Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ( September 9, 214 or 215 &ndashSeptember or October 275 known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270&ndash275 [1]
Accompanying the Vandals, the Alans crossed the Loire in 408. The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people For the area code see Area code 408. Events By Place Western Roman Empire In the summer of this year One of their groups, under Goar, joined the Roman forces of Flavius Aetius to fight Attila when he invaded Gaul in 451, taking part in the Battle of Chalons under their king Sangiban. Goar (born before 390 died between 446 and 450 was a leader of the Alans in 5th century Gaul. Aëtius is also the name of several other persons Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (c Events By Place Western Roman Empire April 7 — The Huns sack Metz. Sangiban was a fifth-century Alan king at the time of Attila 's invasion of Gaul (451 Installed in Orléans and along the Loire, they were unruly (killing the town's senators when they felt they had been paid too slowly or too little) and resented by the local inhabitants. 100 places around the present city have names bearing witness to the Alan presence - Allaines, Allainville, etc. Allaines is a commune in the Somme department in Picardy in northern France. Allainville is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
Early Middle Ages
In the Merovingian era, the city was capital of the kingdom of Orléans following Clovis I's division of the kingdom, then under the Capetians it became the capital of a county then duchy held in appanage by the house of Valois-Orléans. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin Clovis I (c 466 &ndash 27 November 511) was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler The Count of Orléans was the ruler of an area of modern France around the city of Orléans. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century The Valois-Orléans family later acceded to the throne of France via Louis XII then Francis I. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 In 1108, one of the few consecrations of a French monarch to occur outside of Reims occurred at Orléans, when Louis VI Le Gros was consecrated in Orléans cathedral by Daimbert, archbishop of Sens. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137
High Middle Ages
The city was always a strategic point on the Loire, for it was sited at the river's most northerly point, and thus its closest point to Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city There were few bridges over the dangerous river Loire, and Orléans had one of them, and so became - with Rouen and Paris - one of medieval France's three richest cities. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital
On the south bank the "châtelet des Tourelles" protected access to the bridge. This was the site of the battle on 8 May 1429 which allowed Joan of Arc to enter and liberate the city, with the help of the royal generals Dunois and Florent d'Illiers. The Siege of Orléans (1428 &ndash 1429 marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Joan of Arc (c 1412 Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' John of Orléans Count of Dunois ( French Jean d'Orléans comte de Dunois, also known as John of Orléans and Bastard of Orléans) ( November Illiers-Combray is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France. The city's inhabitants have continued to remain faithful and grateful to her to this day, calling her "la pucelle d'Orléans" (the maid of Orléans), offering her a middle-class house in the city, and contributing to her ransom when she was taken prisoner (though this ransom was sequestred by Charles VII and Joan was never released). Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422
1453 to 1699
Once the Hundred Years' War was over, the city recovered its former prosperity. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior The bridge brought in tolls and taxes, as did the merchants passing through the city. King Louis XI also greatly contributed to its prosperity, revitalizing agriculture in the surrounding area (particularly the exceptionally fertile land around Beauce) and relaunching saffron farming at Pithiviers. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Beauce is a natural region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers Saffron ( Kurdish/Persian زَعْفَرَان is a Spice derived from the dried Stigma of the Flower of the saffron crocus ( Crocus sativus Pithiviers is a commune of the Loiret département, in France. Later, during the Renaissance, the city benefited from it becoming fashionable for rich châtelains to travel along the val-de-Loire (a fashion begun by the king himself, whose royal domains included the nearby Chambord, Amboise, Blois, and Chenonceau). The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Châtelain ( Med Lat castellanus, from castellum, a castle in France originally merely the equivalent of the English Castellan, Chambord is a commune in France in the department of Loir-et-Cher. Amboise is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. Blois is a city and commune in France, the Préfecture (capital of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated The Château de Chenonceau, near the small village of Chenonceaux, in the Indre-et-Loire département of the Loire Valley
The University of Orléans also contributed to the city's prestige. The University of Orléans ( Université d'Orléans) is a French university in the Academy of Orléans and Tours Specializing in law, it was highly regarded throughout Europe. John Calvin was received and accommodated there (during which time he wrote part of his reforming theses) and in return Henry VIII of England (who had drawn on Calvin's work in his separation from Rome) offered to fund a scholarship at the University. John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564 was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Many other Protestants were sheltered by the city. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known by his pseudonym Molière, also studied law at the University, but was expelled for attending a carnival contrary to University rules. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French
From 13 December 1560 to 31 January 1561, the French States-General met here. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes In France under the Ancien Regime, the States-General or Estates-General (French états généraux) was a Legislative assembly This was just after the death of Francis II of France, the eldest son of Catherine de Médicis and Henry II, on 5 December 1560 in the Hôtel Groslot in Orléans, with his queen Mary at his side. Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
The cathedral was rebuilt several times. The present structure had its first stone laid by Henry IV, and work on it took a century. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III It thus is a mix of late Renaissance and early Louis XIV styles, and one of the last cathedrals to be built in France. Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and Interior design.
1700-1900
When France colonised America, the territory it conquered was immense, including the whole Mississippi River (whose first European name was the River Colbert), from its mouth to its source at the borders of Canada. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Jean-Baptiste Colbert ( August 29, 1619 — September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Its capital was named "la Nouvelle-Orléans" in honour of Louis XV's regent, the duke of Orléans, and was settled with 8000 French and Cajun inhabitants against the threat from British troops to the north-east. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Philippe II Duke of Orléans ( August 2, 1674 &ndash December 2, 1723) was a member of the royal family of France Cajuns ('keʒən les Cadiens are an Ethnic group mainly living in Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles and peoples of other
The Dukes of Orléans hardly ever visited their city since, as brothers or cousins of the king, they took such a major role in court life that they could hardly ever leave. Officially their castle was that at Blois. The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. The duchy of Orléans was the largest of the French duchies, starting at Arpajon, continuing to Chartres, Vendôme, Blois, Vierzon, and Montargis. Arpajon is a commune in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region in northern France. Chartres is a town and commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France It is located 96 km southwest of Paris Vendôme is a commune of north-central France. Administration Vendôme is the capital of the Arrondissement of Vendôme in the Blois is a city and commune in France, the Préfecture (capital of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated Vierzon is a commune in the Cher department in central France. Montargis is a commune of the Loiret département in France. The town is located about 110 km south of Paris and 70km east The duke's son bore the title duke of Chartres. Inheritances from great families and marriage alliances allowed them to accumulate huge wealth, and one of them - Philippe Égalité is sometimes said to have been the richest man in the world at the time. Louis Philippe II Joseph Duke of Orléans ( 13 April 1747 at Château de Saint Cloud, Saint-Cloud, France &ndash 6 November His son, Louis-Philippe I, inherited the Penthièvre and Condé family fortunes. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the
1852 saw the creation of the "Compagnies ferroviaires Paris-Orléans" and its famous gare d'Orsay in Paris. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Gare d'Orsay is a former Parisian Railway station and hotel built in 1900 to designs by Victor Laloux, Lucien Magne and Émile Bénard In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the city again became strategically important thanks to its geographical position, and was occupied by the Prussians on 13 October that year. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees The armée de la Loire was formed under the orders of général d'Aurelle de Paladines and based itself not far from Orléans at Beauce. Louis Jean-Baptiste d'Aurelle de Paladines ( 9 January 1804 - 17 December 1877) was a French General.
1900 to present
During the Second World War, the Nazis made the gare d'Orléans Fleury-les-Aubrais one of their central logistical rail hubs. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Pont Georges V was renamed "pont des Tourelles"[2]. A transit camp for deportatees was built at Beaune-la-Rolande. Beaune-la-Rolande is a Village and commune in the Loiret département of northern-central France. On the Liberation, the American Air Force heavily bombed the city and the train station, causing much damage. The city was one of the first to be rebuilt after the war: the reconstruction plan and city-improvement initiated by Jean Kérisel and Jean Royer was adopted as early as 1943 and works began as early as the start of 1945. This reconstruction in part identically reproduced what was lost, such as Royale and its arcades, but also used innovative prefabrication techniques, such as îlot 4 under the direction of the architect Pol Abraham[3].
The big city of former time is today an average-sized city of 250000 inhabitants. It is still using its strategically central position less than an hour from the French capital in attracting businesses interested in reducing transport costs.
Heraldry
According to Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun in La France Illustrée, 1882, Orléans's arms are "gules, with three caillous in cœurs de lys of argent, two and one, at the top azure, charged with three fleur de lys or. Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (1816 &ndash July 13, 1889) was a French Geographer and Cartographer. In Heraldry, gules (pronounced with a hard 'g' is the tincture with the colour Red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours" In Heraldry, argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals" This article is about the heraldic tincture. For other meanings see Azure (disambiguation. In Heraldry and Vexillology, a charge is an image occupying the field on an escutcheon (or shield In Heraldry, or (from the French word for gold) is the tincture of gold, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals" Charle Grandmaison, in the Dictionnaire Héraldique of 1861, states that it is "Or, with three hearts in gules", without the azure top. Sometimes, in faulty designs, we find it described "gules, with three fleurs de lys of argent, azure at the top charged with three fleurs de lys, or. [4]
It is to be noted that the design shown left shows three "cœurs de lys" (heart of a lily), seen from above. This "cœurs de lys" is therefore not a true lily, which would have 6 tepals, but a hypothetical aerial view of a symbolic lily. Tepals are elements of the Perianth, or outer part of a flower which include the Petals or Sepals The term tepal is usually used when all segments It has probably also been stylised more and more in heraldry, as in the heart in a pack of cards. Certain authors solve the problem by calling this symbol a "tiercefeuille", defined as a stemless clover leaf, with one leaf at the top and two below, thus making this coat of arms "gules, with three reversed tiercefeuilles in argent, etc". Alsike redirects here Alsike Sweden is also a town in the Knivsta Municipality, Sweden.
Motto
"Hoc vernant lilia corde" (granted by Louis XII, then duke of Orléans), meaning "It is by this heart that lilies flourish" or "This heart makes lilies flourish", referring to the fleur de lys, symbol of the French royal family. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily
Quarters
Demography
Economy
Media
Transport
City transport
Autoroutes
Five "grands secteurs d'activités"
Administration
Cantons
Birthplace
Orléans is the patrie (birthplace) of:
- Étienne Dolet (1509-1546), scholar and printer
- Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), Jesuit missionary
- (1699-1772), jurist
- Stanislas Julien (1797-1873), orientalist
- Gustave Lanson (1857-1934), historian
- Charles Péguy (1873-1914), poet and essayist
- Raoul Blanchard (1877-1965), geographer
- Jean Zay (1904-1944), jurist and politician
Monuments and tourist attractions
Secular heritage
Religious heritage
Museums
Parks
Religion
Catholicism
Other faiths
Food
Originating in Orléans
Festivals
Cultural events, concerts, cinema, and leisure
Twin cities
The city is twinned with:
Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
Treviso, Italy
Münster, Germany
Kristiansand, Norway
Wichita, Kansas, United States
Tarragona, Spain
Saint-Flour, France
Utsunomiya, Japan
Lugoj, Romania
Kraków, Poland
Parakou, Benin
Education
University
Écoles supérieures
Lycées
Miscellaneous
SPORTS FOOTBALL & BASKETBALL
Military life
See also
Sources and external links
- (English) Orleans guide on WikiTravel
- This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. Étienne Dolet ( August 3, 1509 &ndash August 3, 1546) was a French Scholar, Translator and printer Saint Isaac Jogues ( January 10, 1607 – October 18, 1646) was a Jesuit priest, Missionary, and Martyr The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Stanislas Aignan Julien ( April 13, 1797 ? - February 14, 1873) was a French Sinologist. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Orientalism refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers designers and artists and can also refer to a sympathetic stance Gustave Lanson (1857-1934 was a French historian and literary critic. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Charles Péguy ( January 7, 1873 - September 5, 1914) was a noted French Poet, Essayist and editor. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" This article is an abbreviated list of Essayists - individuals notable for writing essays on various topics Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Treviso (Venetian Trevizo, French Trévise, Latin Tarvisium) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Tarragona (tərəˈɣonə in Catalan) is a city located in the south of Catalonia and east of Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Saint-Flour is a commune in the Cantal department in south-central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. is the Capital and the most populous city of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Lugoj (Lugosch Lugoš (Лугош Lugos Logoş is a city in Timiş County, Banat, western Romania, situated on both banks of the Timiş Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Parakou is the largest city in northern Benin, with a population of around 182 Benin (bə'nɪn officially the Republic of Benin, and also known as Benin Republic, is a country in Western Africa. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century The Loire River (lwaʁ in French) is the longest River in France. The Orléanists were a French Right-wing / Center-right Political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
- (French) Orleans city official web site
- France on WorldStatesmen
Notes and references
- ^ For an exact etymology, see Cenabum, Aurelianis, Orléans de Jacques Debal (Coll. Galliae civitates, Lyon, PUL, 1996)
- ^ World-wide current events of May 16 1941, available on the site of the INA (direct link). The Institut national de l'audiovisuel (or INA, French for National Audiovisual Institute is a repository of all French Radio and
- ^ Joseph Abram, L'architecture moderne en France, du chaos à la croissance, tome 2, éd. Picard, 1999, pp. 28 et 37-38
- ^ Grand Larousse encyclopédique in 10 volumes, 163
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