| Oriya | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Abugida | |
| Spoken languages | Oriya | |
| Time period | c. An abugida ( from Ge‘ez አቡጊዳ ’äbugida or Amharic አቡጊዳ ’abugida is a segmental Writing system which Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. 1100–present | |
| Parent systems | Proto-Canaanite alphabet [a] → Phoenician alphabet [a] → Aramaic alphabet [a] → Brāhmī → Gupta → Nāgarī → Eastern Nāgarī → Oriya |
|
| Unicode range | U+0B00–U+0B7F | |
| ISO 15924 | Orya | |
| [a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon. The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is a consonantal alphabet of twenty-two acrophonic glyphs found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC The Aramaic alphabet is an Abjad, a Consonantal Alphabet, used for writing Aramaic. Brāhmī script refers to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets. The Gupta script (or Gupta Brahmi) was used for writing Sanskrit and is associated with the Gupta Empire of India which was a period of material The Nāgarī script appeared in ancient India around the 8th century CE as an eastern variant of the Gupta script (whereas Śāradā was the western The Eastern Nagari script (also known as the Eastern Neo-Brahmic script or the Purvi Script) is an Abugida system of writing Unicode ’s ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts | ||
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
| The Brahmic script and its descendants |
|---|
The Oriya script is used to write the Oriya language, and can be used for several other Indian languages, for example, Sanskrit. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Brāhmī script refers to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets. The Gupta script (or Gupta Brahmi) was used for writing Sanskrit and is associated with the Gupta Empire of India which was a period of material The Śāradā, or Sharada, script (sa शारदा is an Abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts developed from ca The Laṇḍā script ( Gurmukhi: ਲੰਡਾ meaning an alphabet "without tail" is a Punjabi word used to refer to scripts in Northern India Kashmiri (कॉशुर کٲشُر Koshur) is a Dardic language spoken primarily in the valley of Kashmir, a region situated in the Indian state Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. The Takri script (sometimes called Tankri) is an Abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts Not to be confused with the Dogrib language. Dogri (डोगरी or ڈوگرى is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken by Siddhaṃ ( Sanskrit सिद्धं "accomplished" or "perfected" — is the name of a North Indian script used for writing Sanskrit during the period The Nāgarī script appeared in ancient India around the 8th century CE as an eastern variant of the Gupta script (whereas Śāradā was the western The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ, Gujǎrātī Lipi) which like all Nāgarī writing systems is strictly speaking an Abugida rather The Eastern Nagari script (also known as the Eastern Neo-Brahmic script or the Purvi Script) is an Abugida system of writing The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and The Assamese script (অসমীয়া আখৰ Ôxômiya Akhôr) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Bengali and Bishnupriya Mithilakshar ( Devanagari script मिथिलाक्षर mithilākṣar; Eastern Nagari script: মিথিলাক্ষর or Tirhuta Nepal script ( Nepal Bhasa:नेपाल लिपि is a group of scripts that developed from Brahmi script and are used primarily in Nepal Bhasa. Bhujimol is the name of the most ancient form of the Nepal script. The Ranjana script (syn Kutila, Lantsa) is an Abugida writing system developed as a derivate of Brāhmī in 11th century The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The ’Phagspa script (дөрвөлжин үсэг dörvöljin üseg "square script" Tibetan: hor gsar yig "new Mongolian script" Tamil-Brahmi was an early variant of the Brahmi script used to write Tamil characters Vatteluttu () or "rounded writing" is an Abugida Writing system originating from the Dravidian peoples of Southern India and The Grantha ( Tamil: கிரந்த ௭ழுத்து Bengali: গ্রন্থলিপি Malayalam: ml ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി Sanskrit The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. The Tulu script, also known as the Tigalari script, strongly resembles the script of Malayalam language The Khmer script (អក្ខរក្រមខេមរភាសា âkkhârâkrâm khémârâ phéasa informally aksar Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ is used to write the The Thai Alphabet (อักษรไทย àksŏn thai) is used to write the Thai language and other minority languages in Thailand The Lao script is used mainly to write the Lao language. The minority languages of Laos are also written in the Lao script and officially it is the only script The Balinese script is an Abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the The Javanese script, natively known as Carakan ( Tjarakan) is the script originally used to write Javanese. The Mon language is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon, who live in Burma and Thailand. The Burmese abugida ( Burmese: မြန်မာအက္ခရာ mjànmà eʔkʰəyà is a script in the Brahmic family used in Burma for writing Kalinga script (Dravidi is one of many descendants of the ancient Brāhmī script used in territory of modern Orissa. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language Telugu script, an Abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts is used to write Telugu language, a Dravidian Language found in the Southern The Sinhala script is an Abugida script used in Sri Lanka to write the Official language Sinhala and also sometimes the Liturgical Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical
Contents |
History
Though the cursive shape might appear to suggest influence from southern Brahmic scripts like Tamil or Malayalam, it is thought that this appearance was the result of the long-standing practice of writing manuscripts on palm leaves with a pointed stylus, which have a tendency to tear if too many straight lines are made on the surface. The The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language.
Oriya is a syllabic alphabet or an abugida wherein all consonants have an inherent vowel embedded within. An abugida ( from Ge‘ez አቡጊዳ ’äbugida or Amharic አቡጊዳ ’abugida is a segmental Writing system which In Articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper Vocal tract, the upper vocal In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract Diacritics, which can appear above, below, before or after the consonant they belong to, are used to change the form of the inherent vowel. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation When the diacritics appear at the beginning of a syllable, vowels are written as independent letters. A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds Also, when certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols are used which combine the essential parts of each consonant symbol.
Sample Text
"Oṛiyā is encumbered with the drawback of an excessively awkward and cumbrous written character. . . . At first glance, an Oṛiyā book seems to be all curves, and it takes a second look to notice that there is something inside each. " (G.A. Grierson, Linguistic Survey of India, 1903)
The Indic fonts used here and in the following tabels are taken from INDOLIPI. George Abraham Grierson ( 7 January 1851, Glenageary, County Dublin, Ireland - 9 March 1941, Camberley In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises
(Text taken from Bidhu Bhusan Das Gupta and Bimbadhar Das: Oriya Self-Taught, Calcutta 1967)
Translation (by Das Gupta and Das)
There lived in a certain village an old man named Chandrasekhar. He had two sons. The elder was called Shashibhusan and the younger Charubhusan. Charubhusan lost his father when he was only a year and a half old. So his mother was very much attached to him. His elder brother was older than him by seven or eight years. So when Shashibhusan was at school, Charubhusan passed his time only playing about.
Oṛiyā Alphabet
Independent Vowels
Consonants
Digits
Dependent Vowels
As with other Abugida scripts Oṛiyā consonant signs have an inherent vowel. In Mathematics and Computer science, a digit is a symbol (a number symbol e An abugida ( from Ge‘ez አቡጊዳ ’äbugida or Amharic አቡጊዳ ’abugida is a segmental Writing system which It is transliterated as ‹a›, phonetic value [ɔ] as in Bengali. The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and Its absence is marked by Hasanta (Virāma):
For the other vowels diacritics are used:
Vowel diacritics may be more or less fused with the consonants, though in modern printing such ligatures have become less common. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation
Consonant Ligatures
Clusters of two or more consonants form a ligature. Basically Oṛiyā has two types of such consonant ligatures. The "northern" type is formed by fusion of two ore more consonants as in northern scripts like Devanāgarī (but to a lesser extent also in the Malayalam script in the south). The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. In some instances the components can be easily identified, but sometimes completely new glyphs are formed. With the "southern" type the second component is reduced in size and put under the first as in the southern scripts used for Kannaḍa and Telugu (and to some extent also for Malayalam script). The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language Telugu script, an Abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts is used to write Telugu language, a Dravidian Language found in the Southern The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. The following table shows the most commonly used ligatures. (Different fonts may use different ligatures. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises )
Special Forms
‹ẏ› and ‹r› as components of a ligature are given a special treatment. As last member they become 
and 
respectively:
‹r› as first member of a ligature becomes 
(called Repha as in other Indic scripts) and is shifted to the end of the ligature:
Ambiguities
The Oṛiyā script exhibits quite a few ambiguities which add to the difficulties beginners encounter in learning it.
Some of the basic characters of the alphabet may easily be confounded. In order to reduce ambiguities a small oblique stroke is added at the lower right end as a diacritic. It resembles Hasanta (Virāma) but it is joined to the letter, whereas Hasanta is not joined. When the consonant forms a vowel ligature by which the lower right end is affected, this stroke is shifted to another position. This applies also to consonant ligatures baring the stroke (see table of consonant ligatures).
Some of the subjoined consonants, some other ligature components and variants of vowel diacritics have changing functions:
Open top consonants get a subjoined variant of the vowel diacritic for ‹i› as in
This same little hook is used in some consonant ligatures to denote ‹t› as first component:
The subjoined form of ‹ch› is also used for subjoined ‹th›:
The subjoined form of ‹bh› serves also as a diacritic for different purposes:
The subjoined forms of ‹ṇ› and ‹tu› are almost identical:
The sign for the nasal ‹ṁ› may be used as a diacritic too:
Comparison of Oṛiyā script with its Neighbours
At a first look the great number of signs with round shapes suggests a closer relation to the southern neighbour Telugu than to the other neighbours Bengali in the north and Devanāgarī in the west. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation A nasal vowel is a Vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through Nose as well as the Mouth. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation Telugu script, an Abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts is used to write Telugu language, a Dravidian Language found in the Southern The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and The reason for the round shapes in Oṛiyā and Telugu (and also in Kannaḍa and Malayāḷam) is the former method of writing using a stylus to scrutch the signs into a palm leaf. Telugu script, an Abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts is used to write Telugu language, a Dravidian Language found in the Southern The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. A stylus (plural styli or styluses) is a Writing utensil. The word is also used for a computer accessory ( PDAs) These tools do not allow for horizontal strokes because that would damage the leaf.
Therefore the horizontal stroke on top of most Devanāgarī and Bengali letters has become a hoop in Oṛiyā. The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and So in most cases the reader of Oṛiyā will find the distinctive parts of a letter only below the hoop. Considering this the following tables clearly show a closer relation to Devanāgarī and Bengali than to any southern script, though both northern and southern scripts have the same origin, Brāhmī. The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and Brāhmī script refers to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets.
Vowel signs
Consonant Signs
Vowel Diacritics
The treatment of ‹e› ‹ai› ‹o› ‹au› is similar to Bengali, Malayāḷam, Sinhalese, Tamiḻ, Grantha and also to SE Asian scripts like Burmese, Khmer and Thai, but it differs clearly from Devanāgarī, Gujarātī, Gurmukhī, Kannaḍa, Telugu and Tibetan. The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and The Malayalam script is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. The Sinhala script is an Abugida script used in Sri Lanka to write the Official language Sinhala and also sometimes the Liturgical The Grantha ( Tamil: கிரந்த ௭ழுத்து Bengali: গ্রন্থলিপি Malayalam: ml ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി Sanskrit The Burmese abugida ( Burmese: မြန်မာအက္ခရာ mjànmà eʔkʰəyà is a script in the Brahmic family used in Burma for writing The Khmer script (អក្ខរក្រមខេមរភាសា âkkhârâkrâm khémârâ phéasa informally aksar Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ is used to write the The Thai Alphabet (อักษรไทย àksŏn thai) is used to write the Thai language and other minority languages in Thailand The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ, Gujǎrātī Lipi) which like all Nāgarī writing systems is strictly speaking an Abugida rather Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language Telugu script, an Abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts is used to write Telugu language, a Dravidian Language found in the Southern The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language
Oriya in Unicode
The Unicode range for Oriya is U+0B00–U+0B7F. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points.
| Oriya Unicode.org chart (PDF) |
||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+0B0x | ଁ | ଂ | ଃ | ଅ | ଆ | ଇ | ଈ | ଉ | ଊ | ଋ | ଌ | ଏ | ||||
| U+0B1x | ଐ | ଓ | ଔ | କ | ଖ | ଗ | ଘ | ଙ | ଚ | ଛ | ଜ | ଝ | ଞ | ଟ | ||
| U+0B2x | ଠ | ଡ | ଢ | ଣ | ତ | ଥ | ଦ | ଧ | ନ | ପ | ଫ | ବ | ଭ | ମ | ଯ | |
| U+0B3x | ର | ଲ | ଳ | ଵ | ଶ | ଷ | ସ | ହ | ଼ | ଽ | ା | ି | ||||
| U+0B4x | ୀ | ୁ | ୂ | ୃ | େ | ୈ | ୋ | ୌ | ୍ | |||||||
| U+0B5x | ୖ | ୗ | ଡ଼ | ଢ଼ | ୟ | |||||||||||
| U+0B6x | ୠ | ୡ | ୦ | ୧ | ୨ | ୩ | ୪ | ୫ | ୬ | ୭ | ୮ | ୯ | ||||
| U+0B7x | ୰ | ୱ | ||||||||||||||
See also
Footnotes:
External links
- www.odisha.com Orissa News in Oriya. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga Udra Utkala
- www.odia.org Oriya and Odia news. Excellent resources of education and cultural activities. Lots of Odia (Oriya) books in pdf format. Learn Odia (oriya) language with the dhwanI (ITRANS (Oriya) Odia software.
- The Unicode Book: Chapter 9 - South and Southeast Asian Scripts (PDF)
- Oriya alphabet - From Omniglot
- Oriya Unicode Fonts WAZU JAPAN's Unicode font pages
- [Web Portal on Orissa]
- www.orissablogs.comk A blogs for Oriyas.
- Project Rebati - An open-source initiative for computing in Oriya
- 1st Talking Yellow Pages of ORISSA
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic