| Oriya ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | India | |||
| Region: | Orissa | |||
| Total speakers: | 31 million (1996) | |||
| Ranking: | 31 (1996) | |||
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Group Oriya group Oriya |
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| Writing system: | Oriya script | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in: | India | |||
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1: | or | |||
| ISO 639-2: | ori | |||
| ISO 639-3: | ori | |||
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Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa, though there are also significant Oriya-speaking populations in other linguistic regions, such as the Midnapore District of West Bengal, the Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand the Srikakulam District of Andhra Pradeshand Bastar district of Chhatisgarh province. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. Midnapore District was split on January 1 2002 into Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur districts West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Seraikela Kharsawan is one of the districts of Jharkhand state India. Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. For the Srikakulam village in krishna district see Ghantasala (town WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srikakulam Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Due to the increasing migration of labour, the west Indian state of Gujarat also has a significant Oriya speaking population with Surat being the second largest Oriya speaking city in India. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. The language is also an official language of India. The major Oriya dilects are Midnapuri Oriya(spoken in the Medinipur District of West Bengal),Balasori Oriya,Ganjami Oriya,Desiya Oriya(spoken in the Koraput District of Orissa & in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam,Vizianagaram Dist. of Andhra Pradesh,Halbi,Bhatri), Sambalpuri Oriya, Kalahandi Oriya and Singhbhum Oriya. Chatishgarhi of Chhatishgarh, and Nagpuri or Sadri languages are also treated as dilects of Oriya language.
Oriya is written with the Oriya script. The Oriya script is used to write the Oriya language, and can be used for several other Indian languages for example Sanskrit. There's a book written by an eminent linguist professor Dr. Kunja Bihari Tripathi titled "The evolution of Oriya language and script". Prof. Golak Bihari Dhall, former Professor of Oriya department of Ravenshaw College, has also made significant contribution towards the understanding of development of Oriya language.
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History
The history of the Oriya language is divided into Old Oriya (10th century-1300), Early Middle Oriya (1300-1500), Middle Oriya (1500-1700), Late Middle Oriya (1700-1850) and Modern Oriya (1850 till present day). Oriya is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Aryan language family. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family It is thought to be directly descended from the Prakrit known as Purva Magadhi that was spoken in eastern India over 1,500 years ago. Prakrit (also transliterated as Pracrit) ( Sanskrit: prākṛta प्राकृत (from pra-kṛti प्रकृति according to one Magadhi Prakrit is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits the written languages of Ancient India after the decline of Sanskrit as an official language It bears a very strong resemblance to the modern languages Bangla (Bengali), Maithili, and Ôxômiya (Assamese). Assamese (অসমীয়া) (ɔxɔmija is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken mainly in the state of Assam in North-East Of all the languages spoken in northern India, Oriya appears to be the least influenced by Persian language. The earliest use of prose can be found in the Madala Panji or the Palm-leaf Chronicles of the Jagannatha temple at Puri, which date back to the 12th century. Madala Panji is a a chronicle of the Jagannath in Puri, Orissa state, India.
Literature
The first great poet of Orissa is the famous Sarala Dasa who wrote the Chandi Purana and the Vilanka Ramayana, both praising the goddess Durga. This contribution is a nearly verbatim reproduction of "Sarala Dasa the Originator of the Oriya Literature" by Debendra Nath Bhoi and Priyadarshini Bakshi in the Orissa Review Rama-bibaha, written by Arjuna Dasa, is the first long poem in Oriya language.
The next era is more commonly called the Panchasakha Age and stretches till the year 1700. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga Udra Utkala The period begins with the writings of Shri Chaitanya whose Vaishnava influence brought in a new evolution in Oriya literature. Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Yasovanta, Ananta and Acyutananda were the main exponents in religious works in Oriya. Achyutananda Das (or Acytānanda was a 16th century poet seer and Vaisnava saint from Orissa, India. The composers of this period mainly translated, adapted, or imitated Sanskrit literature. A few prominent works of this period include the Usabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Dasa, the Rahasya-manjari of Deva-durlabha Dasa and the Rukmini-bibha of Kartikka Dasa. A new form of novels in verse evolved during the beginning of the 17th century when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Haravali. Other poets like Madhusudana, Bhima, Dhivara, Sadasiva and Sisu Isvara-dasa composed another form called Kavyas or long poems based on themes from Puranas. Madhusudanah ( Sanskrit: मधुसुदन is another name of Vishnu or God and is the 73rd name in the Vishnu sahasranama. In the Mahābhārata, Bhima ( Sanskrit: भीम IAST: Bhīma was the second of the Pandava brothers The language used by them was plain and simple Oriya.
However, from the turn of the 18th century,Bhanja Age or Riti Yuga verbally tricky Oriya became the order of the day. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism became the trend of the period between 1700-1850, the most notable poet being Upendra Bhanja (1670-1720). Other poets turned up in hordes to imitate him but none could fit into his shoes, with the exceptions of Bhima Bhoi and Arakshita Dasa. Bhima Bhoi (1850 - 1895 is a poet from and Satya Mahima Dharma activist from Orissa, India. Family chronicles in prose and literature relating religious festivals and rituals also covered a large portion of this period.
The first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries. The actual Oriya script closely resembled Bengali and Assamese scripts but the one adopted for the printed typesets were completely different, leaning more towards the Tamil script.
Oriya has a rich literary heritage dating back to the thirteenth century. Sarala Dasa who lived in the fourteenth century is known as the Vyasa of Orissa. This contribution is a nearly verbatim reproduction of "Sarala Dasa the Originator of the Oriya Literature" by Debendra Nath Bhoi and Priyadarshini Bakshi in the Orissa Review Vyāsa ( Devanāgarī: व्यास is a central and revered figure in the majority of Hindu traditions He translated the Mahabharata into Oriya. In fact the language was initially standardised through a process of translation of classical Sanskrit texts like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Srimad Bhagabatam. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki Jagannatha Das translated the Srimad Bhagabatam into Oriya and his translation standardized the written form of the language. Oriya has had a strong tradition of poetry, especially that of devotional poetry.
Some other eminent Oriya Poets include Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja and Kabi Surya Bala Dev Ratha.
| Fakir Mohan Senapati | |
|---|---|
 Fakir Mohan Senapati |
|
| Born | 14 January 1843 Balasore , British India |
| Died | 14 June 1918 (aged 75) |
| Occupation | Novelist ,Short Story Writer, poet, , philosopher, Social Activist |
| Nationality | British Indian |
| Writing period | Nineteenth Century |
Prose in the language has had a late development. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Three great poets and prose writers, Kabibar Radhanath Ray (1849-1908), Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843-1918) and Madhusudana Rao (1853-1912) made Oriya their own. Radhanath Ray (1848–1908 is the principal architect of the era of initial modernity in Oriya poetry during the later part of nineteenth century and is honoured in See also Oriya Literature Fakir Mohan Senapati ( Oriya: ଫକିର ମୋହନ ସେନାପତି ( 14 January 1843 - They brought in a modern outlook and spirit into Oriya literature. Around the same time the modern drama took birth in the works of Rama Sankara Ray beginning with Kanci-Kaveri (1880).
20th century writers in Oriya include Nanda-kisora Bal, Gangadhara Mehera, Chintamani Mahanti and Kuntala-Kumari Sabat Utkala-bharati, besides Niladri Dasa and Gopabandhu Das (1877-1928). Gopabandhu Dash (1877–1928 known as Utkal Mani (Gem of Orissa) was a defining social worker who excelled in the field of politics as well as literature The most notable novelists were Umesa Sarakara, Divyasimha Panigrahi, Gopala Praharaja and Kalindi Charana Panigrahi. Sachi Kanta Rauta Ray is the great introducer of the ultra-modern style in modern Oriya poetry. Others who took up this form were Godabarisa Mohapatra, Dr Mayadhara Manasimha, Nityananda Mahapatra and Kunjabihari Dasa. Prabhasa Chandra Satpati is known for his translations of some western classics apart from Udayanatha Shadangi, Sunanda Kara and Surendranatha Dwivedi. Criticism, essays and history also became major lines of writing in the Oriya language. Esteemed writers in this field were Professor Girija Shankar Ray, Pandit Vinayaka Misra, Professor Gauri Kumara Brahma, Jagabandhu Simha and Hare Krushna Mahatab. Oriya literature mirrors the industrious, peaceful and artistic image of the Oriya people who have offered and gifted much to the Indian civilization in the field of art and literature. The Oriya, classically called the Ures (jʊrz Uri are an Ethnic group of eastern India and of eastern Indo-Aryan stock Now Writers Manoj Das ' s creations motivated & inspired people towards a possitive lifestyle . Distinguished prose writers of the modern period include Fakir Mohan Senapati,Madhusudan Das, Godabarisha Mohapatra,Kalindi Charan Panigrahi, Surendra Mohanty, Manoj Das, Kishori Charan Das,Gopinath Mohanty, Rabi Patnaik, Chandrasekhar Rath,Binapani Mohanty,Jagadish Mohanty, Sarojini Sahoo, Ramchandra Behera, Padmaja Pal. See also Oriya Literature Fakir Mohan Senapati ( Oriya: ଫକିର ମୋହନ ସେନାପତି ( 14 January 1843 - Madhusudan Das ( Oriya: ଶ୍ରୀଯୁକ୍ତ ମଧୁସୂଦନ ଦାସ (ମଧୁ ବାବୁ was born on 28 April 1848 in a village Manoj Das (1934-) is an Indian award-winning writer in Oriya and English. Jagadish Mohanty (born 1951 is a renowned Oriya writer considered as a trendsetter in modern Oriya fiction has received the prestigious Sarala Award 2003 Orissa Sahitya Sarojini Sahoo ( Oriya: ସରୋଜିନୀ ସାହୁ) (born 1956) is an Indian Feminist writer who has won the Orissa Sahitya But it is poetry that makes modern Oriya literature a force to reckon with. Poets like Kabibar Radhanath Ray, Sachidananda Routray, Guruprasad Mohanty, Soubhagya Misra, Ramakanta Rath, Sitakanta Mohapatra , Rajendra Kishore Panda, Pratibha Satpathy have made significant contributions towards Indian poetry. Radhanath Ray (1848–1908 is the principal architect of the era of initial modernity in Oriya poetry during the later part of nineteenth century and is honoured in
Phoneme inventory
Oriya has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a | ɔ |
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stops | p pʰ |
t̪ t̪ʰ |
ʈ ʈʰ |
ʧ ʧʰ |
k kʰ |
||
| Voiced stops | b bʰ |
d̪ d̪ʰ |
ɖ ɖʰ |
ʤ ʤʰ |
ɡ ɡʰ |
||
| Voiceless fricatives | s | h | |||||
| Nasals | m | n | ɳ | ||||
| Liquids | l, r | ɭ |
See also
- Oriya script
- Oriya literature
- Oriya people
- Languages of India
- List of national languages of India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
- Brahmic family
- Madala Panji
- Laxmi Puran
Bibliography
Neukom, Lukas and Manideepa Patnaik. The Oriya script is used to write the Oriya language, and can be used for several other Indian languages for example Sanskrit. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga Udra Utkala The Oriya, classically called the Ures (jʊrz Uri are an Ethnic group of eastern India and of eastern Indo-Aryan stock India is home to several hundred languages. Most languages spoken in India belong either to the Indo-European ( ca The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Madala Panji is a a chronicle of the Jagannath in Puri, Orissa state, India. Balaram Das a major poet of the Oriya Literature, considered as the senior most poet in the Age of Panchasakha wrote Laxmi Purana in 15th Century. 2003. A grammar of Oriya. (Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft; 17). Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Zürich. ISBN 3-9521010-9-5
Further reading
- Ghosh, A. (2003). An ethnolinguistic profile of Eastern India: a case of South Orissa. Burdwan: Dept. of Bengali (D. S. A. ), University of Burdwan.
- Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521299442
- Mohanty, Prasanna Kumar (2007). The History of: History of Oriya Literature (Oriya Sahityara Adya Aitihasika Gana).
External links
- www.odia.org Learn oDiA (Oriya). On the way of conservation of oDiA Language and culture. "Lets take a step"
- www.odisha.com World's first and only 24x7 popular news portal in Oriya.
- www.LordJagannath.com (Oriya) World's first and only spiritual portal on "Lord Jagannath" in Oriya language.
- Useful Oriya phrases in English and other Indian languages.
- Romanised to Unicode Oriya transliterator
- Unicode Entity Codes for the Oriya Script
- Free/Open Source Oriya Computing Rebati project
- Oriya songs
- Oriya Unicode Fonts
- Dura Drusti - Oriya eMagazine Published twice a yearJagannath.
odisha