?Orissa India
Coordinates: 20°09′N 85°30′E / 20.15, 85.5
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	155,707 km² (60,119 sq mi)
Capital	Bhubaneswar
Largest city	Bhubaneswar
District(s)	30
Population • Density	36,706,920 (11th) • 236 /km² (611 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Oriya
Governor	Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare
Chief Minister	Naveen Patnaik
Established	1949-01-01
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (147)
ISO abbreviation	IN-OR
Website: orissa.gov.in
Seal of Orissa

Coordinates: 20°09′N 85°30′E / 20.15, 85.5 Orissa pronunciation (help·info) (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା Oṛiśā), is a state located on the east coast of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Governors of Orissa See also Orissa Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare (born December 10 1928 in Mumbai) is the Governor of Orissa, a senior Indian National Congress leader Chief Ministers of Orissa See also Orissa Naveen Patnaik is the Chief Minister of Orissa, India. He is the son of the late Biju Patnaik, former Chief Minister of Orissa. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Orissa is a littoral state of India with a long coastline and a storehouse of mineral wealth. Littoral refers to the coast of an ocean or sea or to the banks of a river lake or estuary Because of its mineral wealth and strategic location it attracts foreign investment in steel, aluminum, power, refineries, and infrastructure. Many foreign steel companies, such as Arcelor Mittal and POSCO, have invested money to make steel plants in the state. ArcelorMittal (,,) is the largest steel company in the world with 310000 employees in more than 60 countries The Pohang Iron and Steel Company, or POSCO ( ( ( ( based in Pohang, South Korea, is the third largest Steel producer in the world Orissa is also emerging as a player in the outsourcing IT (Information Technology) and IT services industry. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The total planned investment in the state is projected to be 90 billion U.S. dollars. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been However, there are environmental concerns and land acquisitions for some of these projects have been opposed by the local people.

The relatively unindented coastline (about 200 mi/320 km long) lacks good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradip. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paradip is a town a Seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghapur District in the The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta, is exceedingly fertile. The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Orissa is home to the Hirakud Dam, one of the longest dams in the world. Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India. Rainfall is heavy and regular, and two crops of rice (by far the most important cereal) are grown annually.

The coastal alluvial plain is inhabited by the non-tribal speakers of the Oriya language. An alluvial plain is a relatively flat Landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more Rivers coming from highland regions The interior, inhabited largely by the indigenous people known as Adivasis, is hilly and mountainous. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population Orissa is subject to intense cyclones; in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and some 10,000 deaths. The 1999 Orissa cyclone, also known as Cyclone 05B and Paradip cyclone, was the deadliest Indian Ocean Tropical cyclone since the 1991 Bangladesh

Orissa has several popular tourist destinations. Puri, with the Jagannatha's temple near the sea, and Konark, with the Sun Temple, are visited by thousands of tourists every year. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. Jagannath (also spelled Jagganath) is considered amongst Vaishnavas to be a very merciful form of Krishna. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Sun Temple (also known as the Black Pagoda at Konark, in Orissa. The Lingaraja Temple of Bhubaneswar, the Jagannatha Temple of Puri, the Sun Temple of Konark and the Barabati Fort of Cuttack are important in the archaeological history of India. Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies

Contents 1 History 2 Districts 3 Geography 4 Politics 5 Sectarian Violence 6 Economy 6.1 Macro-economic trend 6.2 Industrial growth 6.3 Infrastructure development 7 Transportation 7.1 Airports 7.2 Seaports 8 Demographics 9 Literature 10 Culture 10.1 Dance 10.2 Structural art 10.3 Religion 11 Education 12 References 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Orissa

See also: Historic sites in Orissa

Orissa has a history spanning a period of over 3,000 years. Orissa formed in 1926 was known as Kalinga in ancient times Kalinga was a prosperous nation whose merchants traded with the lands of Java and Sumatra Ranipur-Jharial Ranipur-Jharial is an important archeological site situated in Balangir district of Orissa The history of Orissa is in many ways atypical from that of the northern plains, and many of the common generalizations that are made about Indian history do not seem to apply to the Oriya region. The word Oriya is an anglicised version of Odia, which itself is a modern name for the Odra or Udra tribes that inhabited the central belt of modern Orissa. Orissa has also been the home of the Kalinga and Utkal that played a particularly prominent role in the region's history, and one of the earliest references to the ancient Kalingas appears in the writings of Vedic chroniclers. Kalinga was a Kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state In the 6th century BCE, Vedic Sutrakara Baudhayana mentions Kalinga as being beyond the Vedic fold, indicating that Brahminical influences had not yet touched the land. Unlike some other parts of India, tribal customs and traditions played a significant role in shaping political structures and cultural practices right up to the 15th century, when Brahminical influences triumphed over competing traditions and caste differentiation began to inhibit social mobility and erode what had survived of the ancient republican tradition. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

A major turning point in world history took place in Orissa. The Kalinga War that led emperor Ashok to embrace non-violence and the teachings of Buddha was fought here in 261 BC. The Kalinga War ( Sanskrit: कलिन्ग युध्धम् was a war fought between the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka the Great and the state of Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Ashoka's military campaign against Kalinga was one of the bloodiest in Mauryan history on account of the fearless and heroic resistance offered by the Kalingas to the mighty armies of the expanding Mauryan empire. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military Perhaps on account of their unexpected bravery, emperor Ashoka was compelled to issue two edicts specifically calling for a just and benign administration in Kalinga. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Later on, Asoka was instrumental in spreading Buddhist philosophy all over Asia. Buddhist philosophy deals extensively with problems in Metaphysics, phenomenology, Ethics, and Epistemology.

In the third century BCE, Kalinga flourished as a powerful kingdom under the Jaina king, Kharavela. He ruled all the way down south to include parts of the Tamil country. Tamil people (also called Tamils or Tamilians) ( are an Ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, a state in India, and the north-eastern He built the superb monastic caves at Udayagiri and Khandagiri. Subsequently, the kingdom was ruled under various monarchs, such as Samudragupta and Sasanka. Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (cAD 335 &ndash 380 and successor to Chandragupta I, is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in It also was a part of Harsha's empire. Harsha or Harshavardhana (हर्षवर्धन or "Harsha vardhan" ( 590 &ndash 647) was an Indian emperor who ruled Northern India In 795 AD, the king Yayati Kesari I of Kesari or Soma dynasty united Kalinga, Kosala and Utkala into a single empire. He is also supposed to have built the first Jagannath Temple at Puri, although the current structure of the temple is entirely different and was built by Kings Choda Gangadeva and Ananga Bhimadeva of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty in the 12th century. The Eastern Ganga Dynasty ruled ' Kalinga ' (modern Orissa province of India and adjoining area of South West BengalSouth JarkhandChattisgarhNorth Andhra Pradesh The famous Lingaraja temple in Bhubaneshwar was started by Keshari dynasty king Yayati Keshari III and completed by his son Lalatendu Keshari in the 10th century. Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and King Narasimha Dev is reputed to have built the magnificent Sun Temple at Konark. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Although now largely in ruins, the temple may have once rivaled the Taj Mahal in splendour. The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ

The Mughals conquered Orissa in 1576. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The last Hindu Emperor of Orissa, Gajapati Mukunda Deva, was defeated and was killed in the bettle of Gohiratikiri. The Mughals divided Orissa into two parts, Garjat and Mughalbandi. The coastal plain of Orissa from Medinipur to Rajahmundry came under Mughalbandi rule, which was broadly divided into six parts as Jaleshwar Sarkar, Bhadrakh Sarkar, Cuttack Sarkar, Chicacole (Srikakulam) Sarkar, Kalinga Dandapat and Rajamundry Sarkar or Godavari Province. Midnapore (also written as Medinipur and Midnapur Bangla: মেদিনীপুর meːd̪in̪ipʊɾ IAST: medinipur is a town in West Bengal, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies Chicacole, was the former name for the city of Srikakulam that was applied by British colonial rulers For the Srikakulam village in krishna district see Ghantasala (town WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srikakulam WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी The Garjat areas of Orissa's Central, Northern, Western and Southern hilly areas were ruled independently by the Hindu kings. These Hindu kings were paying their tribute to the Mughal Subahdar of Orissa who was residing at Cuttack. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province during the Mughal era of India who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies The Nizam of Hyderabad occupied the area between Rajahmundry to Srikakulam in 16th century. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in For the Srikakulam village in krishna district see Ghantasala (town WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srikakulam The remaining parts of Orissa, including the Mughalbandi and Garjat areas, were subsequently ceded to the Marathas in 1751. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day

In 1803, the British under the British East India Company occupied Orissa after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 - 1805 was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. In 1823, Orissa was divided into the three districts of Cuttack, Balasore and Puri, and a number of native tributary states. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Balasore (also known as Baleswar or Baleshwar) is a city in Orissa state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. The Orissa Tributary States are a group of former Princely states of British India, now part of the present-day Indian state of Orissa. Orissa was administered as part of the Bengal Presidency. The Bengal Presidency originally comprising east and west Bengal was a colonial region of British India, which comprised undivided Bengal which is present day Bangladesh Following famine and floods in 1866, large scale irrigation projects were undertaken in the last half of the 19th century. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops The coastal section was separated from Bengal and made into the Province of Bihar and Orissa in 1912, in response to local agitation for a separate state for Oriya-speaking peoples. Bihar and Orissa (बिहार और उड़ीसा was a former province of British India which included the present-day Indian states of Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. In 1936, Bihar and Orissa were split into separate provinces. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India.

Following Indian independence, the area of Orissa was almost doubled and the population was increased by a third by the addition of 30 former princely states. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a But unfortunately the Oriya speaking princely states of Saraikela and Kharsawan (now in the state of Jharkhand) and Oriya speaking regions of Singhbhum of Jharkhand , Medinipur of West Bengal, Raigarh, Sarangarh, Bindhranawagarh and parts of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh and Srikakulam and parts of Vizianagarm and Vishakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh, remained outside the territory of the State of Orissa. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Saraikela, also spelled Seraikella, is the administrative headquarters of Saraikela Kharsawan WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kharsawan is a city and a notified area in Pashchimi Singhbhum district in the Indian state Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. Singhbhum was sometime a large district in the present-day Indian state of Bihar. Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. Midnapore (also written as Medinipur and Midnapur Bangla: মেদিনীপুর meːd̪in̪ipʊɾ IAST: medinipur is a town in West Bengal, West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. For the town in Maharashtra see Raigad. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Raigarh is a city and a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sarangarh is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Raigarh district in the Indian state Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen For the Srikakulam village in krishna district see Ghantasala (town WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srikakulam Vizia-nagaram (విజయనగరo sometimes spelt as Vijaya-nagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port In 1950, Orissa became a constituent state in the Union of India.

Districts

Code	District	Headquarter(s)	Population (2001)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
AN	Angul	Angul	1,139,341	6,347	180
BD	Boudh (Bauda)	Boudh	373,038	4,289	87
BH	Bhadrak	Bhadrak	1,332,249	2,788	478
BL	Bolangir (Balangir)	Balangir	1,335,760	6,552	204
BR	Bargarh (Baragarh)	Bargarh	1,345,601	5,832	231
BW	Baleswar (Balasore)	Baleswar	2,023,056	3,706	546
CU	Cuttack	Cuttack	2,340,686	3,915	598
DE	Debagarh (Deogarh)	Debagarh	274,095	2,781	99
DH	Dhenkanal	Dhenkanal	1,065,983	4,597	232
GN	Ganjam	Chhatrapur	3,136,937	8,033	391
GP	Gajapati	Paralakhemundi	518,448	3,056	170
JH	Jharsuguda	Jharsuguda	509,056	2,202	231
JP	Jajapur (Jajpur)	Jajpur Town	1,622,868	2,885	563
JS	Jagatsinghpur	Jagatsinghpur	1,056,556	1,759	601
KH	Khurdha	Khurdha	1,874,405	2,888	649
KJ	Kendujhar (Keonjhar)	Kendujhar	1,561,521	8,336	187
KL	Kalahandi	Bhawanipatna	1,334,372	8,197	163
KN	Kandhamal	Phulbani	647,912	6,004	108
KO	Koraput	Koraput	1,177,954	8,534	138
KP	Kendrapara	Kendrapara	1,301,856	2,546	511
ML	Malkangiri	Malkangiri	480,232	6,115	79
MY	Mayurbhanj	Baripada	2,221,782	10,418	213
NB	Nabarangpur	Nabarangapur	1,018,171	5,135	198
NU	Nuapada	Nuapada	530,524	3,408	156
NY	Nayagarh	Nayagarh	863,934	3,954	218
PU	Puri	Puri	1,498,604	3,055	491
RA	Rayagada	Rayagada	823,019	7,585	109
SA	Sambalpur	Sambalpur	928,889	6,702	139
SO	Subarnapur (Sonepur)	Subarnapur	540,659	2,284	237
SU	Sundargarh (Sundergarh)	Sundargarh	1,829,412	9,942	184

Geography

The capital of Orissa is Bhubaneswar. Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and It is famed for its magnificent temples, numbering around a thousand. Cuttack,which is the former capital of Orissa is just 29 kms from Bhubaneswar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies The city of Puri is nearby, at a distance of around sixty kilometers on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Puri is a holy city and the site of the annual festival of the deity Jagannath. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. It is one of the four Dhams (holy places) of Hinduism. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The world-famous "car festival" (rath yatra) occurs in Puri.

The Chota Nagpur plateau occupies the western and northern portions of the state, while along the coast are fertile alluvial plains and the valleys of the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani rivers, which empty into the Bay of Bengal. The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal The Brahmani River is a river in Orissa state of eastern India. The Baitarani River is one of six major Rivers of Orissa, India These alluvial plains are home to intensive rice cultivation.

Although much of Orissa's forest cover has been denuded lately, one of the greatest attractions of Orissa is its still vast expanses of unspoiled natural landscape that offer a protected yet natural habitat to the state’s incredible wildlife. There are many wildlife sanctuaries in Orissa. The Simlipal National Park Tiger Reserve is a huge expanse of lush green forest with waterfalls, inhabited by tigers, elephants, and other wildlife. Simlipal National Park is a National park and a Tiger Reserve situated in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Orissa The Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary has been protecting estuarine crocodiles since 1975. The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a Mangrove wetland in India 's Orissa state

Chilka Lake, a brackish water coastal lake on the Bay of Bengal, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi River, is the largest coastal lake in India. Chilka Lake (also Chilika Lake) is a Brackish water coastal lake in India 's Orissa state south of the mouth of the Mantei River. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal It is protected by the Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary, which harbors over 150 migratory and resident species of birds. Chilka Lake (also Chilika Lake) is a Brackish water coastal lake in India 's Orissa state south of the mouth of the Mantei River.

The highest mountain peak in the state is Deomali (1672 m), which is situated in Koraput district. It is also the tallest peak of the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India 's eastern coast It is part of the Chandragiri-Pottangi mountain system. Location: 18°40'3"N 82°58'59"E (Deomali on Wikimapia).

Politics

The state is governed by a chief minister and cabinet responsible to an elected unicameral legislature and by a governor appointed by the president of India. Biju Janata Dal (BJD)and its ally Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) form the current government with the Indian National Congress (INC)as the main opposition.

• Assembly Election Results of Orissa
• List of political parties in the state

The major political parties in Orissa are Biju Janata Dal, Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party. Legislative Assembly election results of Orissa 1951 Party No The Biju Janata Dal is a regional party of the Indian state of Orissa led by Naveen Patnaik, son of former state chief minister Biju Patnaik. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political

Sectarian Violence

Hindu radicals in Orissa accuse the christian minority of unfair recruitment tactics. The lower castes of Hindu society in Orissa have been converting to Christianity. In response to this, radical hindu elements in Orissa killed a christian missionary in 1999 ^[1], and in December of 2007 Five Catholic churches, 48 village chapels, two seminaries, half a dozen hostels and four convents were destroyed. Dozens of Hindu homes and hundreds of Christian homes were burned and looted in the Kandhamal district. ^[2]

Economy

Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Orissa at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.

Year	Gross State Domestic Product
1980	37,080
1985	68,230
1990	109,040
1995	271,180
2000	387,280

Orissa's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $18 billion in current prices.

Following India's independence, Orissa has not been a focus of investment by the central government, causing its infrastructure and educational standards to lag behind the rest of the nation. For instance, only about 20% of the road network is paved. In rural areas over 65% of the population have no access to safe drinking water. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This has led to a widespread belief among the local population that Orissa is a neglected state.

Industrial growth

Orissa has abundant natural resources and a large coastline. It contains a fifth of India's coal, a quarter of its iron ore, a third of its bauxite reserves and most of the chromite. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and Chromite is iron magnesium chromium oxide (Fe MgCr2O4 It is an Oxide Mineral belonging to the Spinel group Rourkela Steel Plant^[3] was the first integrated steel plant in the Public Sector in India. It receives unprecedented investments in steel, aluminium, power, refineries and ports. WikipediaNaming India's topmost IT consulting firms, including Satyam Computer Services, TCS (Tata Consultancy Services), MindTree Consulting, Hexaware Technologies, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Infosys have large branches in Orissa. Satyam Computer Services Ltd is a Consulting and Information technology services company based in Hyderabad, India. Tata Consultancy Services Limited ( TCS) is an Indian software services and consulting company MindTree Limited is an international IT consulting company that was started in 1999 by 10 industry professionals who came from Cambridge Technology Partners, Lucent PricewaterhouseCoopers (or PwC is one of the world's largest Professional services firms Infosys Technologies Limited () is a multinational Information technology services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. IBM, Syntel, Bosch and Wipro are setting up development centers in Orissa. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Syntel Inc (NASDAQ SYNT is a global provider of Information Technology (IT and Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO solutions with global development centers Wipro Technologies ( is an Information technology service company established in India in 1980 So far, two of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Orissa, for example, National Aluminium (2005 gross income Rs. 51,162 million) and Tata Sponge Iron (2005 gross income Rs. 2,044 million).

Orissa is notable as one of the first Indian states to have tackled its structural problems during the post-1994 Indian economic reforms. Orissa was the first state in India to begin to privatise its electricity transmission and distribution businesses. Over the period between 1994 and 2000 Orissa's former state electricity board (SEB) was restructured to form Gridco. This corporation was then divided into Transco and a collection of distribution companies. Attempts were then made to sell the distribution companies to the private sector. Like many other states, in 1996 Orissa was losing over 50% of the electricity it was delivered. The scale and importance of these reforms is notable and an important milestone in India's dramatic economic development.

Recently the number of companies who have signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) to set up steel plants in the state has gone up to 50, including Posco of South Korea which has agreed to construct a mammoth $12 billion steel plant near Paradip port. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː It would be the largest single investment in India's history. Arcelor-Mittal has also announced plans to invest in another mega steel project amounting to $10 billion. Russian major Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company (MMK) plans to set up a 10 MT steel plant in Orissa too. The state is attracting an unprecedented amount of investment in aluminum, coal-based power plants, petrochemicals, and information technology as well. In power generation, Reliance Industries (Anil Ambani Group) is putting up the world's largest power plant with an investment of US $13 billion at Hirma in Jharsuguda district. Jharsuguda is a district in Orissa, India with Jharsuguda town as its headquarter Vedanta Resources’ 1. 4 million tonne alumina project in Kalahandi district is the largest investment in aluminium. Kalahandi a district of Orissa, India, was known as Mahakantara (Great Forest in ancient India Vedanta has also announced a $3. 2 billion dollar huge private University project on the lines of the Ivy League Universities, which is unprecedented in the history of education in India. The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States.

The Central Government has agreed to accord SEZ (Special Economic Zone) status to eight sites in Orissa, among which are Infocity at Bhubaneswar and Paradip. But all these plans are facing massive resistance from the people of the state who mainly depend on agriculture for livelihood. Some vested interests are pushing ahead projects of Mittal, Tata, Vedanta, Birlas causing many human rights violations. In the state setup industrial estate Kalinga Nagar 13 men, women and children were shot dead because they were opposed to a factory on their land. In Jagatsinpur police and armed goons attacked villagers proteseting peacefully. Crude bombs were hurled at an assembly of elderly women also. In Kashipur three tribal people were shot dead by police because they were opposing an aluminium factory on their lands. On 6th November last year 50,000 farmers joined hands to take over Hirakud dam for a day and stop diversion of water to industry.

Infrastructure development

Although Paradip is Orissa's only large port, the coastal towns of Dhamra and Gopalpur are being developed into major ports as well. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paradip is a town a Seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghapur District in the The government of India has selected the coastal region of Orissa, stretching from Paradip in the north to Gopalpur in the south, to be developed as one of the five or six Special Economic Regions (SERs) of the country. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paradip is a town a Seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghapur District in the Gopalpur may refer to Gopalpur Bangladesh Gopalpur India Gopalpur Nepal The government of India and the state government of Orissa would work together to erect world class infrastructure in this region along the lines of the Rotterdam, Houston, and Pudong regions. Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of Pudong ( officially known as Pudong New Area (浦東新区 Pinyin: Pǔdōng Xīn Qū is a district of Shanghai, China that This would stimulate further private investment in petrochemicals, steel, and manufacturing. A recent Morgan Stanley report forecasts that Orissa would be flooded with massive investments for manufacturing related activities in the same manner that Bangalore had attracted software investment in the 1990s. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. The scale of the investments in Orissa would, however be much higher. As of July 2006, the total planned investment in the state is a whopping $90 billion. This includes some investment in research, education, hospitals, roads, ports, airports, and hotels. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects. The Godavari River has its catchment area in five states of India: Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,

Transportation

Orissa is connected to India and with the world through roads, railways, airports, and seaports. Bhubaneswar is well connected by air, rail and road with the rest of India. The Biju Patnaik airport is being expanded to accommodate wide bodied aircraft.

Airports

Operational

• Biju Patnaik Airport
• Jharsuguda Airport
• Keonjhar Airport
• Rourkela Airport

Defence

• Charbatia Airbase

Non-operational

• Jayapur Airport
• Utkela Airport
• Berhampur Airport
• Gotma Airport Nuapada

Seaports

• Port of Paradip
• Port of Dhamara (Work has been started. Biju Patnaik Airport, also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, is situated in the city of Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. The Brahmapur Airport is situated adjacent to the Berhampur University administrative block. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paradip is a town a Seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghapur District in the )
• Port of Gopalpur (Commenced Operation From January 2007 As Seasonal Port)

Demographics

Orissa has a population of 32 million. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology About 87% of the population live in the villages and one third of the rural population does not own any land other than homesteads. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time 25% of Orissa's population is tribal. A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use

Orissa is an Hindu majority state with Hindus forming 94. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 35% of the population. This places Orissa as the 3rd in matters of Hindu majority (percentage) in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Christianity is practiced by 2. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 4% of the population, followed by Islam (2. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 0%) , Others comprise less than 1. 0%. [1]

The religion of ancient Kalinga was Jainism. Kalinga was a Kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Rishabhnath and Parshvanath the first among the Jain Tirthankars preached and were revered in this land. Kalinga is also well mentioned and its history documented in Jain texts. Kalinga's Jain traditions were a major cause for inciting the attacks first by Mahapadma Nanda and later by Ashoka who were egged on by courtiers and advisers. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Khandagiri and Udaygiri caves are among the only stone monuments dedicated to the Jain religion which still survive. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. They were constructed by Emperor Kharavela and his courtiers.

Nanda attacked Kalinga and looted several parts of the state. NANDA (formerly the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is a professional organization of Nurses to standardize Nursing Terminology that was Kalinga was a Kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state He also took away the idol of Lord Rishabhdev to Magadha. In Jainism, Rishabh Dev (ऋषभदेव or Adinatha (other names used Riṣhabh, Riṣhabhanāth, Rushabh, Rushabhdev But when Kharvela came in power he convulsed Nanda and brought back the idol of Lord Rishabdev, the symbol of pride for Kalinga. Kharavela (ଖାରେବଳ ( IAST: Khāravela Devanagari: खारवेल Oriya: ଖାରେବଳ (?209 – after 170 BCE was the greatest NANDA (formerly the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is a professional organization of Nurses to standardize Nursing Terminology that was Rishabha Deva or Aadinatha was born more than 5000 years ago ca Kalinga was a Kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state Jain texts have praised him as "Mahamegh Vahana Jain Raja Paramarhat Kharvela". Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Kharavela (ଖାରେବଳ ( IAST: Khāravela Devanagari: खारवेल Oriya: ଖାରେବଳ (?209 – after 170 BCE was the greatest These inscriptions are there in the jain caves of Udai Giri & Khanda Giri. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.

Perhaps the most well-known temple in Orissa is the Konark Temple. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of This is also known as the Sun Temple and is famous for its exquisite Orissan style of architecture. The Konark temple was built in the 13th century CE. It includes in its decoration many vignettes of military life. The thousands of elephants marching around the base of the temple demonstrate pride in the superb war elephants for which Orissa was famous.

Another well known temple in Orissa is the Jagannath Temple, which was built in the 12th century CE. It is located in Puri and is associated with the Ratha Jatra (Chariot Festival) celebrated all over northern India. Every year millions of devotees come to Puri during the Ratha Jatra. It is a festival during which the three deities, Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra, are brought out of the Jagannath temple in chariots to tour the streets, providing a glimpse to the thousands of devotees who throng the street.

The capital city of Bhubaneswar has some magnificent temples, including the Lingaraja temple, and the Mukteswar temple. Not surprisingly, it is called the "Temple City" of India.

Literature

Main article: Oriya literature

The history of Oriya Literature has been mapped by historians along the following stages, Old Oriya (900-1300 AD), Early Middle Oriya (1300-1500 AD), Middle Oriya (1500-1700 AD), Late Middle Oriya (1700 AD-1850 AD) and Modern Oriya (from 1850 AD till the present). Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is an official language of the state of Orissa, India, a region known at different stages of history as Kalinga Udra Utkala But this rude categorization could not skillfully draw the real picture on account of development and growth of Oriya Literature. Here, we split the total periods in different stages such as: Age of Charya Literature, Age of Sarala Das, Age of Panchasakha, Age of Upendra Bhanja, Age of Radhanath, Age of Satyabadi, Age of Marxism or Pragati yuga, Age of Romanticism or Sabuja Yuga, Post Independent Age.

The beginnings of Oriya poetry coincide with the development of Charya Sahitya, the literature thus started by Mahayana Buddhist poets. ^[4]. This literature was written in a specific metaphor named "Sandhya Bhasha" and the poets like Luipa, Kanhupa are from the territory of Orissa. The language of Charya was considered as Prakrita. The first great poet of Orissa is the famous Sarala-Das who wrote the Mahabharata, not an exact translation from the Sanskrit original, rather an imitation of the same . Among many of his poems and epics, he is best remembered for his Mahabharata. Chandi Purana and the Vilanka Ramayana are also two of his famous creations. Arjuna Das , a contemporary to Sarala Dasa , wrote Rama-Bibha , a significant long poem in Oriya. . . Towards the 16th century, five poets emerged , though there are hundreds year gap in between them . But they are known as Panchashakhas as they believed to same school of thought , Utkaliya Vaishnavism. The poets are :Balaram Das ,Jagannath Das,Achyutananada Das,Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das . The Panchasakhas are very much Vaishnavas by thought . In 1509 Chaitanya came to Orissa with his Vaishnava message of love. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (also transliterated Caitanya, IAST caitanya mahāprabhu) ( Bengali চৈতন্য মহাপ্রভূ (1486 - Before him Jaydev had prepared the ground by heralding the cult of Vaishnavism through his Geetagovinda. Jayadeva ( Oriya: ଜୟେଦବ was a Sanskrit poet who lived in Orissa, circa 1200 AD Chaitanya’s path of devotion was known as Raganuga Bhakti Marga , but the Panchasakhas differed from Chaitanyas and believed in Gyana Mishra Bhakti Marga , which has similarities with the Buddhist philosophy of Charya Literature stated above. At the end of age of Panchasakha , the prominent poets are Dinakrushna Das,Upendra Bhanja and Abhimanyu Samanta Simhar. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism as the characteristics of Shringara Kavyas, became the trend of this period to which Upendra Bhanja took a leading role. His creations were Baidehisha Bilasa,Koti Brahmanda Sundari,Lavanyabati were proved land mark in Oriya Literature. Upendra Bhanja was conferred with the title Kabi Samrat of Oriya literature for the aesthetic poetic sense and verbal jugglery proficiency. Dinakrushna Das’s Rasokallola and Abhimanyu samanta Simhara’s Bidagdha Chintamani are prominent kavyas of this time. The first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries which made a great revolutions in Oriya literature. Instead of palm leaf inscription . The books were being printed and the periodicals and journals were published. The first Oriya Magazine of 'Bodha Dayini' was published from Balasore in 1861. The main object of this magazine was to promote Oriya literature and to draw attention to the lapses in government policy. The first Oriya paper, 'The Utkal Deepika' made its appearance in 1866 under the editorship of late Gouri Sankar Ray with the help of late Bichitrananda. The publication of these papers during the last part of the 19th century encouraged the modern literature and acted as a media to provide a wide readers range for the writers, The educated intellectuals came in contact with the English Literature and got influenced. Radhanath Ray (1849-1908) is the prime figure , who tried to write his poems with the influence of Western Literature. Radhanath Ray (1848–1908 is the principal architect of the era of initial modernity in Oriya poetry during the later part of nineteenth century and is honoured in He wrote Chandrabhaga,Nandikeshwari,Usha, Mahajatra,darbar and Chilika wee the long poems or Kavyas. Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843-1918), the prime figure of modern Oriya Fiction Prose is the product of that generation. See also Oriya Literature Fakir Mohan Senapati ( Oriya: ଫକିର ମୋହନ ସେନାପତି ( 14 January 1843 - Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was considered the Vyasakabi or founder poet of Oriya language. See also Oriya Literature Fakir Mohan Senapati ( Oriya: ଫକିର ମୋହନ ସେନାପତି ( 14 January 1843 - Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Fakir Mohan Senapati is well known for his novel Chha Maana Atha Guntha . it is the first Indian novel to deal with the exploitations of landless peasants by the feudal Lord. It was written much before the October revolution of Russia or much before the emerging of Marxist ideas in India.

With rise of freedom movement, a literary though was emerged with the influence of Gandhiji and idealistic trend of Nationalism formed as a new trend in Oriya Literature. Much respected personality of Orissan culture and history, Utkalmani Gopabandhu Dash (1877-1928) has founded a school at avillage Satyabadi near Sakshigopal of Orissa and an idealstic literary movement influenced the writers of this age . Gopabandhu Dash (1877–1928 known as Utkal Mani (Gem of Orissa) was a defining social worker who excelled in the field of politics as well as literature Godabarisha Mohapatra, Kuntala-Kumari Sabat the other renowned name of this age.

With the emergence of soviet Russia in 1935, Communist party was formed in Orissa and a periodicals named "Adhunika" was published by the party. Bhagawati Charan Panigrahi and Sachidananda Routray were the founder member and writer/poets of the party. Bhagwati turned to a fiction writer and though Sachidananda Routray (who is more known as "Sachi Routra" or Sachi Babu) has written some of the short stories but was actually remembered for his poems. Influenced by the romantic thoughts of Rabindranath tagore, during the thirties when the progressive m Marxian movements was in full flow in Oriya Literature, Kalindi Charan panigrahi, the brother of Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi,the founder of Marxian Trend in Orissa , formed a group circa 1920 called "Sabuja Samiti. " Mayadhar Mansingh was a renowned poet of that time though he was considered as a romantic poet, but he kept the distance away from the influence of rabindranath successfully. As the successor of Sachi babu, two poets Guruprasad Mohanty(popularly known as Guru Prasad ) (1924-2004) and Bhanuji rao came with T. S. Eliot and published their co authored poetry book "Nutan Kabita" Later, Ramakanta Rath modified the ideas . Sitakanta Mohapatra,soubhagya kumar mishra,Rajendra kihore Panda , Brajanath Rath, Jayanta Mahapatra, Kamalakant Lenka, J P Das, Brahmotri Mohanty, Mamata Dash, Amaresh Patnaik, Hrushikesh Mallick, Sunil Kumar Prusty, Sucheta Mishra, Aparna Mohanty, Pritidhara Samal, Basudev Sunani,Gajanan Mishra, ,Bharat Majhi are some poets of this contemporary age. In the Post-Independence Era Oriya fiction assumed a new direction. The trend which Fakir Mohan has started actually developed more after 50’s of last century. Gopinath Mohanty(1914-1991,Surendra Mohanty and Manoj Das (1934- ) are considered as three jewels of this time. Gopinath Mohanty ( Oriya: ଗୋପୀନାଥ ମହାନ୍ତି (1914 - 1991the prestigious Jnanpith award winner, eminent Oriya novelist of the mid-twentieth The other significant fiction writers are Chandrasekhar Rath, Shantanu Acharya,Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo,Rabi Patnaik, Jagadish Mohanty,Kanheilal Das. Jagadish Mohanty (born 1951 is a renowned Oriya writer considered as a trendsetter in modern Oriya fiction has received the prestigious Sarala Award 2003 Orissa Sahitya Satya Mishra, Ramchandra Behera,Padmaja Pal, Yashodhara mishra and Sarojini Sahoo are few writers whose writings have created a new age in the field of fiction. Sarojini Sahoo ( Oriya: ସରୋଜିନୀ ସାହୁ) (born 1956) is an Indian Feminist writer who has won the Orissa Sahitya After 1970, the women wing of Oriya writers emerged as a prime voice of feminism. Jayanti Ratha,Susmita Bagchi. Paramita Satpathy,Hiranmayee Mishra, Chirashree IndraSingh Supriya Panda, Gayatri Saraf , Mamata Chowdhry are few fiction writer in this period ,But among all the women writers Sarojini Sahoo played a significant role for her feministic and sexuality approach in fiction. Sarojini Sahoo ( Oriya: ସରୋଜିନୀ ସାହୁ) (born 1956) is an Indian Feminist writer who has won the Orissa Sahitya For feminism she is considered as the Simone de Beauvoirof India, though theoretically she denies the Hegelian theory of "Others" developed by Simone in her The Second Sex. "La Beauvoir" redirects here also see Beauvoir (disambiguation "La Beauvoir" redirects here also see Beauvoir (disambiguation The Second Sex ( French: Le Deuxième Sexe, June 1949 is one of the best known works of the French existentialist Simone de Beauvoir Unlike to Simone, Sarojini claims the women are "Others" from masculine perspective but as a human being, she demands for similar right as Plato recommended. "La Beauvoir" redirects here also see Beauvoir (disambiguation Sarojini Sahoo ( Oriya: ସରୋଜିନୀ ସାହୁ) (born 1956) is an Indian Feminist writer who has won the Orissa Sahitya Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece In the field of drama, the traditional Oriya theatre is the folk opera, or Jatra, which flourishes in the rural areas of Orissa. Modern theatre is no longer commercially viable. But in the 1960, experimental theatre made a mark through the works of Manoranjan Das, who pioneered the new theatre movement with his brand of experimentalism. Bijay Mishra,Biswajit Das,Kartik Rath, Ramesh Chandra PanigrahRatnakar Chaini, Ranjit Patnaik continued the tradition. As a whole, we can say, now days Oriya literature is a strong wing of Indian Literature to represent in world forum.

Further information: Oriya language, Indian literature, and List of Oriya Writers

Culture

The official language of the state, spoken by the majority of the people is Oriya. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world This is a list of famous and notable Oriya language writers from Orissa, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Oriya belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family, and is closely related to Bengali and Assamese. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family Assamese (অসমীয়া) (ɔxɔmija is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken mainly in the state of Assam in North-East A few tribal languages belonging to the Dravidian and Munda language families are still spoken by the Adivasis (original inhabitants) of the state. The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages (including the four literary languages of Tamil, Telugu, Kannada The Munda languages are a Language family spoken by about nine million people in central and eastern India and Bangladesh. Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population The state has a very opulent cultural heritage, one of the richest in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The capital city of Bhubaneswar is known for the exquisite temples that dot its landscape. Bhubaneswar ( Oriya: BUbEnSvr Hindi: भुवनेश्वर in Sanskrit and Oriya/oDiA "The Lord of the Universe" is the capital and The famous classical dance form, Odissi originated in Orissa. Odissi is the classical dance form of Orissa in north-east India Contemporary Orissa has a proud cultural heritage that arose due to the intermingling of three great religious traditions - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Orissa is also known as Odisha. The culture of the Adivasis (the original inhabitants of India) is an integral part of modern Orissan heritage.

Dance

Odissi or Orissi music is usually classified as a kind of Hindustani classical music of northern India, although some aspects of Odissi are quite distinct. Odissi is the classical dance form of Orissa in north-east India Odissi is the classical dance form of Orissa in north-east India Hindustani ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी is an adjectival form of Hindustan which originally meant people from the whole geographical region of Odissi is the classical dance form of Orissa in north-east India Odissi has a long, unbroken tradition of 2,000 years, and finds mention in the Natyashastra of Bharatamuni, possibly written circa 200 BC. The Nātya Shastra ( Sanskrit: Nātyaśāstra नाट्य शास्त्र is an ancient Indian treatise on the Performing arts Bharata was an ancient Indian Musicologist who authored the Natya Shastra, a Theoretical Treatise on ancient However, the dance form nearly went extinct during the British period, only to be revived after India's independence by a few proponents, such as Guru Deba Prasad Das, Guru Mayadhar Raut, Guru Pankaj Charan Das, Guru Mahadev Rout, Guru Raghu Dutta, and Guru Kelu Charan Mahapatra. Odissi classical dance is about the divine love of Krishna and his consort Radha, mostly drawn from compositions by the notable Oriya poet Jayadeva, who lived in the twelfth century AD. Jayadeva ( Oriya: ଜୟେଦବ was a Sanskrit poet who lived in Orissa, circa 1200 AD

Structural art

Other cultural attractions include the Jagannatha Temple in Puri, known for its annual Rath Yatra or Car Festival, the unique and beautiful applique artwork of Pipili, silver filigree ornamental works from Cuttack, the Patta chitras (palm leaf paintings), famous stone utensils of Nilgiri (Balasore) and various tribal influenced cultures. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Cuttack ( Oriya: କଟକ)(कटक (derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kataka' which signifies The Sun temple at Konark is famous for its architectural splendor.

Religion

Orissa is home to Hindu saints of all castes. A few important figures include Sant Bhima Bhoi was an important sage in the Mahima sect movement and an Adivasi, Sarala Dasa was a writer of the Mahabharata in Oriya and several mantras and a Shudra, and Chaitanya Dasa was a Buddhistic-Vaishnava writer of the Nirguna Mahatmya and a Brahmin. Bhima Bhoi (1850 - 1895 is a poet from and Satya Mahima Dharma activist from Orissa, India. The Mahima Dharma ( Sanskrit: Glorious Religion) is a Hindu sect primarily prevalent in Orissa and Chhattisgarh. Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population This contribution is a nearly verbatim reproduction of "Sarala Dasa the Originator of the Oriya Literature" by Debendra Nath Bhoi and Priyadarshini Bakshi in the Orissa Review Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and

Sant Jaidev was the writer of the Gita Govinda and is renowned by the Sikhs as one of their most important bhagats. Jaidev ( 3rd August 1919 - January 6 1987) ( Jaidev Verma) was a legendary music composer in Bollywood films most known for The Gita Govinda (Sanskrit गीत गोविन्द ( Song of Govinda) is a work composed in the 12th century by the great poet Jayadeva of Puri

Swami Laxmananda Saraswati is a modern-day Hindu saint of Adivasi heritage. Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population Another well-known modern-day saints is Bhakti Vaibhava Puri Maharaj.

Education

The ruins of a major ancient university and center of Buddhist learning, Ratnagiri, were recently discovered in Orissa. Scholars from far away lands, such as Greece, Persia and China used to study philosophy, astronomy, mathematics and science at this famed University. Taxila, Nalanda and Ratnagiri are amongst the oldest universities in the world. The ruins of Ratnagiri University have not been fully excavated yet.

Entry to various institutes of higher education is through a centralised Joint Entrance Examination, conducted by the Biju Patnaik University of Technology and more recently through the Common Entrance Test (CET) conducted by Orissa Private Engineering College Association (OPECA) & Orissa Private Medical College Association (OPMCA), where seats are provided according to order of merit.

One of the prestigious institutions of India, NIT Rourkela. Introduction National Institute of Technology Rourkela in Orissa INDIA (NIT ( Hindi: राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान National Institute of Technology was upgraded from Regional Engineering College and is an Institute of National Importance. Another premiere college of Orissa is the University College of Engineering, Burla, which is famous for its excellent infrastructure and state-of-art teaching methodology.

One of the two Indian Institute of Mass Communication [IIMC] situated in Dhenkanal. Dhenkanal can refer to Dhenkanal District Dhenkanal (princely state Dhenkanal India This is a premier institute for mass communication and journalism.

The Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar (XIMB) is a premier business school of national and international significance located in the state capital. Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar (XIM Bhubaneswar, also known as XIMB) is a Business school in India, located in the eastern The National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar (NISER) is another premier educational cum research institution that is being set up. The plan The Prime Minister of India laid the foundation stone of the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER on August 28 2006 in Bhubaneswar It will be built along the lines of the reputed IISc, Bangalore. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. The idea of building a national level medical school and hospital, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), as well as an Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) in the state capital, Bhubaneswar have also been mooted. All India Institute of Medical Sciences ( AIIMS) (created 1956 is a Medical college and hospital in India, and is an autonomous institution IIIT is the generic name for several Institutes of Information Technology in India, each a mini University in itself Meanwhile Vedanta University Project, a not-for-profit initiative by the Anil Agarwal Foundation, is an epoch-making dream to have a world class centre for lerning and research on the picturesque Puri-Konark marine drive in Orissa. It will have about 1,00,000 students with an international mix of students pursuing around 95 diverse streams of learning in a sprawling campus of around 56 million sq. ft built up area supported by state of the art, IT & Communications systems. Even more recently, Reliance industries has expressed its intention of establishing a new Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), as well as a health city for medical education and research in Bhubaneswar. Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, usually abbreviated The Indian Ministry of Human Resources Development had also announced its intention of creating two IITs in Orissa, one of which possibly was planned to have been accomplished by upgrading the prestigious University College of Engineering, Burla, under the 11th five year plan. Unfortunately, the ministry shifted the IIT to Andhra Pradesh. As of now, Orissa receives the lowest per capita investment of all 28 states from the central government towards human resource development. This has led to widespread protest throughout Orissa.

Further information: Colleges and Universities in Orissa, India, Higher education in Orissa, and Orissa IIT Controversy

References

External links

• Official Website of the State Government of Orissa
• Official Website of Orissa State Tourism
• Orissa travel guide from Wikitravel
• Information about Districts of Orissa
• Experience the Heritage of Orissa
• Info on Orissa* Find latest information on Orissa
• voice of western orissa on the net
• ORISSA BASI general information about oriya

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