Orenburg (Russian: Оренбу́рг) is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared The Ural (Урал Kazakh: Жайық, Jayıq or Zhayyq) known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through Orenburg Oblast (Оренбу́ргская о́бласть Orenburgskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Volga (Privolzhsky Federal District (Приво́лжский федера́льный о́круг tr Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It lies 1,478 km southeast of Moscow, very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Population: 542,700 (2005 est. ); 549,361 (2002 Census). Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried Highest point: 154. 4 m. International dialing code: +7 (3532). Postal code: 460000. As of 2006, the mayor of the city is Yuri Meshcheryakov.
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History
The Russian Empire began plans for the construction of an eastern frontier fortress town in the southern Ural region to be named Orenburg in 1734. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The colonists originally founded a settlement in 1735 at the confluence of the Ural River with the Or River. The Ural (Урал Kazakh: Жайық, Jayıq or Zhayyq) known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through The town's name meant "fortress near the Or," as Burg is German for fortress. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. This settlement changed its name in 1739 to Orsk. Orsk (Орск is a city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, situated in the southern Urals, at. An attempt was made to found another Orenburg at a location called Krasnogar, or "Red Hill," in 1741, but this settlement failed. A third Orenburg was successfully established by Ivan Neplyuyev at its present location approximately 250 km down the Ural from Orsk in 1743. Ivan Ivanovich Neplyuyev ( 15 November, 1693 – 22 November, 1773) was a Russian diplomat and administrator prominent in the service
This third Orenburg functioned as an important military outpost on the frontier with the nomadic Kazakhs. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated It became the center for the Orenburg Cossacks. The Orenburg Cossack Host ( Оренбургское казачье войско) a part of the Cossack population in pre- Revolutionary Russia
Orenburg played a major role in the rebellion of Pugachev (1773–1774). At the time, it was the capital of a vast district and the seat of the governor. Pugachev besieged the city and it's fortress from nearby Berda from October 1773 - March 26, 1774. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The defense was organized by lieutenant-general Reinsdorp. General Golytsin defeated Pugachev at Berda, and later again at Kargala (north of Orenburg). The Galitzines, more correctly the Golitsyns (Голи́цын are one of the largest and noblest Princely houses of Russia. Most of the city was left in ruins, and thousands of inhabitants had died in the siege.
The famous Russian writer Alexander Pushkin visited Orenburg in 1833 during a research trip for his books "The History of Pugachev" and his famous novel "The Captain's Daughter". The Captain's Daughter (Капитанская дочка Kapitanskaya Dochka) is a Historical novel by the Russian Writer Alexander He met his friend Vladimir Dahl here, who would later write the first serious dictionary of the Russian language. Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (also Dahl, Владимир Иванович Даль ( November 10, 1801 &ndash September 22 1872
Orenburg was the base for General Perovsky's expeditions against the Khanate of Khiva in the 1830s through 1850s. Count Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky (1794-1857 was a Russian general and statesman The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva Xonligi was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1515 to 1920 except Persian occupation by After the incorporation of Central Asia into the Russian Empire, Orenburg became a trading station and, since the completion of the Trans-Aral Railway, a prominent railway junction on route to the new Central Asian possessions and to Siberia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Trans-Aral Railway (also known as the Tashkent Railway) was built in 1906 connecting Orenburg and Tashkent. A junction, in the context of Rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge Russian Turkestan ( Russian: Русский Туркестан also known as Turkestansky Krai (Туркестанский край was Turkestan within Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving
Orenburg functioned as the capital of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (in present-day Kazakhstan) within Russia from 1920–1925. The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the When that republic was renamed Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1925, Orenburg joined Russia and Qyzylorda became the new capital. The Kazakh ASSR was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. Alma-Ata became the capital in 1929 after the construction of Turksib. Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was promoted to the union republic status as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic Kazakh SSR in 1936. The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская Orenburg remained in Russia.
From 1938 to 1957, the city bore the name Chkalov (Чка́лов) (after the test pilot Valery Chkalov). The city's distance from the German invasion during World War II led many Soviet enterprises to flee there, helping in the city's economic growth. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.
Economy
Orenburgenergy company is one of the biggest energy generating companies in Russia. Other biggest local businesses are "Orenburggazprom", natural gas company (http://www.gazprom.ru/articles/oren_00.shtml) and “Orenburgneft’”, oil company (http://www.orenburgneft.ru/). Orenburg is served by Orenburg Tsentralny Airport and is home to Orenburg air base. Tsentralny Airport (Аэропорт Центральный is a civil airport located about 25 km east of Orenburg city Orenburg (also given as Orenburg Southwest) is a military airlift base in Russia located 9 km southwest of Orenburg.
Education
Higher education institutions include Orenburg State University, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg State Pedagogical University (http://www.ospu.ru/), Orenburg State Agricultural University, Orenburg branch of the Moscow State Law Academy (http://www.oimsla.edu.ru), the Orenburg Institute of Economics & Culture, and the Orenburg State University of Management.
Culture
Orenburg Drama Theater, Musical Theater, Tatar Drama Theater, and Puppet Show Theater Pierrot are located in Orenburg. Orenburg is also home to Orenburg Academic Russian Folk Chorus.
Tourism
Mountain and river tourism is developed in the region. There are a number of fast mountain rivers and rocks in pleated spurs of the southern edge of the Urals range, popular with tourists.
The city is famous for its down Orenburg shawls. The Orenburg Shawl along with Tula Samovar Matrioshka Khohloma painting Gzhel Palekh and Vologda lace Dymkovo toys Rostov finift (enamel Ural malachite is one of Russia’s symbols The thinnest lacy design, knitted by hand shawls and cobweb-like kerchiefs (pautinkas), is not only warm, but also is used for decorative purposes.
Architecture
A famous boulevard on the embankment of the Ural River is one of the most notable places in Orenburg. The Ural (Урал Kazakh: Жайық, Jayıq or Zhayyq) known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through
Orenburg TV Tower is a guyed mast of unusual design. It is a 200 metres tall mast equipped with 6 crossbars running from the mast structure to the guys [1].
Famous people
- Alexander Medvedev, Founder and CEO of the Drill Tube Industries
Honours
The asteroid 27709 Orenburg was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich KBE ( Russian: Мстисла́в Alexander Medvedev (born 1955, August 14) is Deputy Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of Russian energy company Gazprom, Director-General of Asteroids, sometimes called Minor planets or planetoids', are bodies—primarily of the inner Solar System —that are smaller than planets but 27709 Orenburg (1988 CU3 is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on February 13, 1988 by E Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. †
External links
- (English) City History of Orenburg
- (Russian) Orenburg information portal
- (Russian) Business in Orenburg
- (Russian) Orenburg telephone directory
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