The Order of St. Anna (or "Order of Saint Ann"; Russian: Орден святой Анны) was a Holstein and then Russian order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Chivalric orders are orders of Knights that were created by European monarchs in imitation of the Military orders of the Crusades. Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (Karl Friedrich Herzog zu Holstein-Gottorp ( April 30, 1700 - June 18, 1739) was the son of Frederick Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Anna Petrovna Tsesarevna of Russia (Анна Петровна 27 January 1708, Moscow &ndash 4 March 1728, Kiel The motto of the Order was "Amantibus Justitiam, Pietatem, Fidem" ("To those who love justice, piety, and fidelity"). Its festival day was 3 February. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
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History
Initially, the order had but one class and was named the "Order of Anna". The statutes of the Order promulgated in 1735 established as the principal insigne a gilt and red-enameled cross, with an image of Saint Ann imposed upon the center of the cross; the reverse bore the initials "A. Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U I. P. F. " (for "Anna Imperatoris Petri Filia": "Anna, Emperor Peter's daughter" in Latin). The same letters also abbreviate the Latin motto (as the letter "J" did not exist in Latin, "Iustitiam" was the original spelling of the word now rendered "Justitiam").
In 1742, Karl Peter Ulrich, Duke Karl Friedrich's son, was declared the Russian heir apparent. Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Peter III ( February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Пётр III Фëдорович Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor After arriving in Russia, he presented the Order to several courtiers. On 15 April 1797, his own son, Emperor Paul I of Russia, established the Order as part of the Imperial Russian system of honours and divided it into three classes, renaming it the "Order of Saint Anna". Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Emperor Alexander I added a fourth class in 1815.
Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew (including princes of the imperial blood, who received it at baptism) simultaneously received the first class of the Order of Saint Anna. For the Barbados honour see Order of St Andrew (Barbados; for the Eastern Orthodox Christian honour see Archons of the Ecumenical The emperor himself was the hereditary chief of the Order.
The title of Chekhov's well-known story Anna on the Neck refers both to the Order and to the heroine.
Insignia
 Order of St. Anna, 1st class |
 Order of St. Anna, 2nd class (The example shown is "with swords", for bravery in battle, and crown) |
 Order of St. Anna, 3rd class |
 Order of St. Anna, 4th class (The insigne with imperial eagle would have been awarded to a non-Christian, for whom a Christian cross was deemed inappropriate) |
Methods of Wear
- 1st class: Cross worn at the bow of a broad ribbon (ten centimeters wide, worn over the left shoulder), on the right hip; star of the Order (about 95 millimeters in diameter) worn on the right breast;
- 2nd class: Cross worn on a neck ribbon 45 millimeters wide;
- 3rd class: Cross worn on the left ribbon, suspended from a ribbon 28 millimeters wide;
- 4th class: Cross borne on the pommel of an edged weapon, together with a silver-tasselled sword-knot of the ribbon of the Order.
A recipient of higher classes of the Order would not wear insignia of lower classes, unless he had also been awarded the fourth class (the insigne of which was borne on the hilt of a sword or other edged weapon).
Bibliography
Alan W. Hazelton, The Russian Imperial Orders; New York: The American Numismatic Society, 1932 (Numismatic Notes and Monograms, No. 51).
External links
- (Russian) Order of St. Anna
- (Russian) History of the order of St. Anna
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