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Insignia of a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).
Insignia of a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).

The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II on February 14, 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service". An Order is a Decoration, awarded by a government a dynastic house, or a religious body to an individual usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Order is divided into general and military divisions, with the following grades in descending order of seniority:

Contents

History

The Order was established on February 14, 1975 by Letters patent of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, and countersigned by the then Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916 known as Gough Whitlam (ˈɡɒf goff is an Australian former politician and 21st Before the establishment of the Order, Australian citizens received British honours. The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery achievement or service to the United Kingdom. The original Order had only three grades: Companion (AC), Officer (AO) and Member (AM).

On 24 May 1976, the further categories of Knight (AK), Dame (AD), and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) were established by the Queen on the advice of Whitlam's Liberal successor Malcolm Fraser. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. John Malcolm Fraser, AC, CH (born 21 May 1930 is an Australian Liberal politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia.

Labor's Bob Hawke made it an election promise prior to the 1983 election to abolish the Knight and Dame categories. Robert James Lee (Bob Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929 was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia and longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister Background The coalition government led by Malcolm Fraser had to contend with a parlous economic situation with high inflation and high unemployment Following his election, on 3 March 1986 the Queen signed Letters patent countersigned by Hawke, revoking the category of Knight or Dame. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Existing Knights and Dames were not affected by the new patent. The Prince of Wales is a Knight of the Order of Australia.

The Queen of Australia is Sovereign of the Order while the Governor-General of Australia is Principal Companion and Chancellor of the Order. TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy A Gold Sovereign is a Gold coin first issued in 1489 for Henry VII of England and still in production as of 2008 The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia)

The Order of Australia is modelled closely upon the Order of Canada. The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour within the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin However, when compared with the Order of Canada, the Order of Australia has been awarded rather more liberally, especially in regard to honorary awards for foreigners. While the Order of Canada has only been awarded to twelve non-Canadians to date, more non-Australians have received the Order of Australia honour by comparison.

Appointment

The Order formerly consisted of four grades and a medal, in both general and military divisions. Knighthood of the Order was made in the general division only.

While State Governors can present the Order of Australia to his/her state's residents, only the Governor General can present the Companion level of Order of Australia. The Governors of the Australian states are the representatives in the six states of Australia of Australia's monarch Queen Elizabeth II. The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia) [1]

The different grades of the Order are awarded according to the recipients' level of achievement:

Companion
for eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large.
Officer
for distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large.
Member
for service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group.
Medal of the Order of Australia
for service worthy of particular recognition

Any person may nominate any Australian citizen for an award. The nominations are reviewed by the Order of Australia Council, independent of any political interference, and then approved by the Governor-General. The Order is awarded twice annually: on Australia Day, and on the Queen's Birthday public holiday in June, when public announcements are made about new awards. "The Queen" in this article means the monarch of the Commonwealth Realms The Queen's Official Birthday (sometimes known as "the

Appointments to the Order are not made posthumously; however, if a nominee dies after accepting an appointment but before the relevant announcement date, the appointment still stands and it is announced as having effect from the date of the nominee's death.

Insignia

The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc (gold for ACs, gilt for AOs, AMs and OAMs) representing the Golden Wattle flower. Gilding is the art of applying a thin layer of gold simulated gold or other metal to a surface Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. At the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word 'Australia' below two branches of golden wattle. The whole disc is topped by the Royal crown of St Edward. A crown is the traditional Symbolic form of Headgear worn by a Monarch or by a Deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents power The AC badge is decorated with citrines, blue enamelled ring, and enamelled crown. For the politician of this name see Walter McLennan Citrine 1st Baron Citrine, for the GFP protein derivative see Yellow fluorescent protein. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines. For the AM badge only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain.

The star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the Coat of Arms of Australia. The Coat of Arms of Australia (formally known as Commonwealth Coat of Arms) is the official symbol of Australia.

Civil Division ribbon
Civil Division ribbon
Military Division ribbon
Military Division ribbon

The ribbon of the Order is blue with a central stripe of golden wattle flower designs; that of the military division has additional golden edge stripes. Male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet; male AMs and OAMs wear them on a ribbon on the left chest. A neck order is a type of Decoration which is designed to be worn and displayed around a person's Neck, rather than hung from the Chest as is the standard Women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males if so desired.

The Order's insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin. Stuart Devlin (born 1931 is a significant contemporary gold and silversmith

Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).

Officer of the Order of Australia (AO).

Member of the Order of Australia (AM).

Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM).

Officials of the Order

Knights and Dames

The category of Knight (AK) or Dame (AD) of the order was created on 24 May 1976, and was abolished on 3 March 1986. TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy Major General Philip Michael Jeffery AC, CVO, MC (born 12 December[[ 937]] was the 24th Governor-General of Australia The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia) The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria Existing knights and dames were not affected by the removal of the category. During this period, twelve knights and two dames were created, of whom nine of the knights and both of the dames are now deceased.

This is a complete list of the Knights and Dames of the Order of Australia. It is shown in order of appointment; living knights are shown in bold:

Name Date of Appointment Date of Death
Sir John Kerr AK, GCMG, GCVO 24 May 1976 24 March 1991
Sir Robert Menzies KT, AK, CH, QC 7 June 1976 15 May 1978
Sir Colin Syme AK 6 June 1977 1986
Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC 8 December 1977 living
Sir MacFarlane Burnet OM, AK, KBE 26 January 1978 31 August 1985
Dame Alexandra Hasluck AD 6 June 1978 18 June 1993
Dame Enid Lyons AD, GBE 26 January 1980 2 September 1981
HRH The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales KG KT GCB OM AK QSO PC ADC 14 March 1981 living
Sir Roden Cutler VC AK KCMG KCVO CBE 7 April 1981 22 February 2002
Sir Garfield Barwick AK, GCMG 8 June 1981 14 July 1997
Sir Charles Court AK, KCMG, OBE 14 June 1982 22 December 2007
Sir Ninian Stephen KG AK GCMG GCVO KBE QC 29 July 1982 living
Sir Roy Wright AK 26 January 1983 28 February 1990
Sir Gordon Jackson AK 13 June 1983 1 June 1991

The Order of Australia Association

On 26 January 1980 recipients of awards in the Order formed the Order of Australia Association. John Kerr may refer to one of the following Government and politics John Kerr (Governor-General (1914&ndash1991 Australian Governor-General The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, QC (20 December 1894 - 15 May 1978 Australian politician was the twelfth person to serve The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an Order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign  &ndash are Sir Colin York Syme AK (1903–1986 was an Australian lawyer businessman technological innovator and medical research administrator Sir Zelman Cowen, AK, GCMG, GCVO, QC (born 7 October 1919 was the 19th Governor-General of Australia. The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign  &ndash are Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, OM, AK, KBE (3 September 1899 – 31 August 1985 usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Dame Alexandra Margaret Martin Hasluck Lady Hasluck, AD, (26 August 1908 &mdash 18 June 1993 was an Author and social historian in Western Australia Dame Enid Muriel Lyons, AD, GBE ( 9 July 1897 - 2 September 1981) was an Australian politician and the first The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an Order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Queen's Service Order was established by Queen Elizabeth II on 13 March 1975, awarded by the government of New Zealand "for valuable Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. An aide-de-camp ( French for camp assistant) is a personal assistant secretary or Adjutant to a person of high rank usually a senior military officer Sir Arthur Roden Cutler, VC, AK, KCMG, KCVO, CBE (24 May 1916 – 22 February 2002 usually known simply as Roden Cutler See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Sir Garfield Edward John Barwick AK GCMG ( 22 June, 1903 &ndash 14 July, 1997) was the Attorney-General of Australia (1958-61 The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George Sir Charles Walter Michael Court, AK, KCMG, OBE, ( 29 September 1911 &ndash 22 December 2007) was a Western The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Sir Ninian Martin Stephen KG AK GCMG GCVO KBE QC (born 15 June 1923 was the 20th Governor-General of Australia The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Royal Victorian Order (RVO is a Dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms Created by Queen Victoria The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign  &ndash are Sir Roy Douglas Wright AK ( 7 August 1907 - 28 February 1990) was an Australian physiologist known to his colleagues as Sir Ronald Gordon Jackson AK, commonly known as Gordon Jackson ( 5 May 1924 &ndash June 1 1991) was an Australian Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) This organisation seeks to aid the members of the Order in their pursuits related to the development and maintenance of Australia's culture and traditions. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of The organisation also attempts to increase awareness of those honoured by the Order, since many of their number are not household names, despite their contributions. Branches of the Association can be found in all the states and territories of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government

References

  1. ^ Honours of the Crown p.11

See also

Recipient categories

External links

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