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Orde Charles Wingate
February 26, 1903 – March 24, 1944

Orde Charles Wingate
Place of birth Naini Tal, India
Place of death Burma
Allegiance Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service 1921 – 1944
Rank Major General
Commands held Gideon Force
Chindits
Battles/wars World War II
East African Campaign
Burma Campaign
Awards DSO

Major General Orde Charles Wingate, DSO (February 26, 1903 – March 24, 1944), was a British major general and creator of two special military units during World War II. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nainital is a town in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon Foothills India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries The Gideon Force was a small British -led African regular force which acted as a Corps d'Elite amongst the irregular Ethiopian forces fighting the Italian The Chindits (Officially in 1942 77th Indian Infantry Brigade and in 1943 Indian 3rd Infantry Division) were a British Indian Army "Special Force" that served World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily between British Commonwealth, Chinese and United The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Contents

Early Years

Orde Wingate was born 26 February 1903 in Naini Tal, India to a military family. Nainital is a town in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon Foothills India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Because his mother came from a missionary family affiliated with the Plymouth Brethren, he received a very religious education and was introduced to Christian Zionist ideas at a very young age. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Plymouth Brethren is a Conservative, Evangelical Christian movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the It was not uncommon for the young Wingate to be subjected to long days of reading and memorizing the old testament.

Beside a strict religious upbringing Wingate was also subjected, by his father, to a harsh physical regimen of long unforgiving marches.

In 1921 Wingate was accepted into the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. Woolwich (ˈwʊlɪtʃ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/ is a suburb in south-east London, England in the London Borough of Greenwich, on the south side of the River For committing a minor offense against the rules a first year student would be subjected to a hazing ritual named “running”. This ritual consisted of the first-year being stripped and forced to run a gauntlet of senior students all of whom wielded a knotted towel which they used to hit the accused on their journey along the line. On reaching the end the first-year would then be thrown into an icy cold cistern of water. When it came time for Wingate to run the gauntlet, for allegedly having returned a horse to the stables too late, he walked to the senior student at the head of the gauntlet, stared at him and dared him to strike. The senior refused. Wingate, moved to the next senior and did the same, he too refused. In turn each senior declined to strike and coming to the end of the line Wingate walked to the cistern and dived straight into the icy cold water.

In 1923 Wingate received his gunnery officer's commission in 1923. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority He also began to learn Arabic and eventually got himself an assignment to Sudan through an uncle, Sir Reginald Wingate, Governor General of Sudan. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate 1st Baronet GCB GCVO GBE KCMG DSO TD ( 25 June 1861 &ndash

When Wingate arrived in Sudan to join the Sudan Defence Forces in 1928, he was assigned to patrol the Abyssinian border where he was to catch slave traders and ivory poachers. The Sudan Defence Force (SDF was a Sudanese military unit formed in 1925 as its name indicates to maintain the borders of the Sudan under the British administration NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Ivory is formed from Dentine and constitutes the bulk of the Teeth and Tusks of animals such as the Elephant, Hippopotamus, Poaching is the illegal Hunting, Fishing or Harvesting of wild plants or animals He changed the method of regular patrolling to ambushes. An ambush is a long-established military tactic, in which the aggressors (the ambushing force use Concealment to attack a passing enemy At the end of his tour, he led a short expedition to search for Zerzura, but did not find it. Zerzura (زرزورة was a mythical city or Oasis. The rumor Zerzura was long rumored to have existed deep in the desert west of the Nile River in His tour ended in 1933. In 1935 he married Lorna Moncrieff Paterson who was sixteen years old at the time.

Palestine and the Special Night Squads

In 1936 Wingate was assigned to the British Mandate of Palestine to a staff office position and became an intelligence officer. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement An intelligence officer is a person employed by an organisation to collect compile and analyse information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organisation From his arrival, he saw the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine as being a religious duty toward the literal fulfillment of Christian prophecy and he immediately put himself into absolute alliance with Jewish political leaders. The terms " Jewish state " and " homeland of the Jewish people " are used to describe the State of Israel and refer to its status as a Nation-state

Arab guerrillas had at the time of his arrival begun a campaign of attacks against both British mandate officials and Jewish communities, which became known as the Arab Revolt. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939

Wingate became politically involved with a number of Zionist leaders. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the He formulated an idea of armed groups of British led Jewish commandos, and took his idea personally to Archibald Wavell, who was then a commander of British forces in Palestine. Field Marshal Archibald Percival Wavell 1st Earl Wavell GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, PC (5 May 1883 – 24 May After Wavell gave his permission, Wingate convinced the Zionist Jewish Agency and the leadership of Haganah, the Jewish armed group. The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine

In June 1938 the new British commander, General Haining, gave his permission to create the Special Night Squads, armed groups formed of British and Haganah volunteers. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Special Night Squads (SNS were a joint British-Jewish force consisting of British soldiers and Jewish Settlement Police, established by Orde Wingate in Palestine This is the first instance of the British recognising Haganah's legitimacy as a Jewish defence force. [1] The Jewish Agency helped pay salaries and other costs of the Haganah personnel.

Wingate trained, commanded and accompanied them in their patrols. They ambushed Arab saboteurs who attacked oil pipelines of the Iraq Petroleum Company and raided border villages the attackers had used as bases, imposing severe collective punishments that were sometimes frowned on by Zionist leaders as well as British. Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC until 1929 called Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC was an oil company jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies Collective punishment is the Punishment of a group of people as a result of the behaviour of one or more other individuals or groups His methods were nonetheless effective.

However, his deepening direct political involvement with the Zionist cause and an incident where he spoke publicly in favour of formation of a Jewish state during his leave in Britain, caused his superiors in Palestine to remove him from command. He was so deeply associated with political causes in Palestine that his superiors considered him compromised as an intelligence officer in the country. He was promoting his own agenda rather than that of the army or the government.

In May 1939, he was transferred back to Britain. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wingate became a hero of the Yishuv (the Jewish Community), and was loved by leaders such as Zvi Brenner and Moshe Dayan who had trained under him, and who claimed that Wingate had "taught us everything we know. Yishuv (ישוב literally "settlement" or Ha-Yishuv (the Yishuv הישוב or the full term הישוב היהודי בארץ ישראל Hayishuv Hayehudi Zvi Brenner was an Israeli leader during World War II and the early days of the State of Israel. Moshe Dayan, DSO (משה דיין born 20 May 1915 died 16 October 1981 was an Israeli military leader and politician "

Wingate's political attitudes toward Zionism were heavily influenced by his Plymouth Brethren religious views and belief in certain eschatological doctrines. The Plymouth Brethren is a Conservative, Evangelical Christian movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland Summary of Christian eschatological differencesIn Christian theology, Christian eschatology is the study of its religious Beliefs concerning all Future and

Abyssinia and the Gideon Force

At the outbreak of World War II, Wingate was the commander of an anti-aircraft unit in Britain. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces He repeatedly made proposals to the army and government for the creation of a Jewish army in Palestine which would rule over the area and its Arab population in the name of the British. Eventually his friend Wavell, now Commander-in-Chief of Middle East Command which was based in Cairo, invited him to Sudan to begin operations against Italian occupation forces in Ethiopia. During World War II the British Middle East Command was based in Cairo with responsibility for the Middle East theatre which included North Africa Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page He created the Gideon Force, a guerrilla troop composed of British, Sudanese and Ethiopian soldiers. The Gideon Force was a small British -led African regular force which acted as a Corps d'Elite amongst the irregular Ethiopian forces fighting the Italian The force was named after the biblical judge Gideon, who defeated a large force with a tiny band. Gideon ( also known as Jerub-Baal (from the Hebrew "let Baal plead" is a judge appearing in the Book of Judges, in the Bible. Wingate invited a number of veterans of the Haganah SNS to join him. With the blessing of Haile Selassie, the group began to operate in February 1941. Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wingate was temporarily promoted to lieutenant colonel and put in command. He again insisted on leading from the front and accompanied his troops. The Gideon Force, with the aid of local resistance fighters, harassed Italian forts and their supply lines while the regular army took on the main forces of the Italian army. The small Gideon Force of no more than 1,700 men took the surrender of about 20,000 Italians toward the end of the campaign. At the end of the fighting, Wingate and the men of the Gideon Force linked to the Sudan Defence Force led by William Platt and together they accompanied the emperor in his triumphant return to Addis Ababa in May. General Sir William Platt GBE, KCB, DSO (born 1885 died 1975 was an officer in the British Army the Australian Army and the New Zealand Army Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic Wingate was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for

With the end of the East African Campaign, on 4 June 1941, Wingate was removed from command of the now-dismantled Gideon Force and his rank was reduced to that of major. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. During the campaign he was irritated that the British authorities ignored Wingate's request for decorations for his men and obstructed his attempts to get back-pay for his force. He left for Cairo and wrote an official report which was extremely critical of his commanders, fellow officers, government officials and many others. He was angry that he went without praise for his success and without having a chance to give his regards to Selassie before he was ignominiously ordered to leave the country. Wingate was most concerned about British attempts to stifle Ethiopian freedom, writing that attempts to raise future rebellions amongst populations must be honest ones and should appeal to justice. Soon after, he contracted malaria. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including He sought treatment from a local doctor instead of army doctors because he was afraid that the illness would give his detractors another further excuse to undermine him. This doctor gave him a large supply of the drug Atabrine, which can produce as a side-effect depression if taken in high dosages. Quinacrine (trade name Atabrine) is a drug with a number of different medical applications being initially used in the 1930s as an Antimalarial drug Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression The dementia and depression from the malaria, combined with his already depressed state of mind, helped to produce such a despondency in him that he made an unsuccessful suicide attempt by stabbing himself in the neck.

Wingate was sent to Britain to recuperate. A highly edited version of his report was passed through Wingate's political supporters in London to Winston Churchill, who contacted Wavell, now Commander-in-Chief in India commanding the South-East Asian Theatre. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The British Commander-in-Chief in India (or Commander-in-Chief of India) was the chief military commander for the British administration The South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was the name given to the campaigns of the Pacific War in India, Thailand, Wavell had Wingate transferred to India. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

Burma and the Chindits

Wingate departed for the Far East on February 27, 1942. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was promoted to colonel and set to Burma to organise a new guerrilla unit. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. After accomplishing little in Burma, he was flown out to India.

On returning to India, he was given a brigade of troops by General Wavell from which he created a long range penetration unit he eventually named Chindits (a corrupted version of the name of a mythical Burmese lion, the Chinthe). A Long-range penetration patrol group or force is a Special forces military unit able to remain in and move long distances behind enemy lines far away from direct contact The Chindits (Officially in 1942 77th Indian Infantry Brigade and in 1943 Indian 3rd Infantry Division) were a British Indian Army "Special Force" that served He attempted to toughen up the men given him by having them camp in the Indian jungle during the rainy season. The result was a very high sick rate among the men. Many of the men were replaced in September 1942 by new drafts of personnel from elsewhere in the army.

Meanwhile, his direct manner of dealing with fellow officers and superiors along with increasingly eccentric personal habits won him few friends among the officer corps; he would consume raw onions because he thought they were healthy and scrub himself with a rubber brush instead of bathing. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan But his political connections in Britain and the patronage of General Wavell protected him.

The original 1943 Chindit operation was supposed to be a coordinated plan with the field army. When the offensive into Burma by the rest of the army was cancelled, Wingate pleaded to Wavell to be allowed to proceed into Burma anyway. Wavell eventually gave his consent.

Wingate set out with the Chindits on 12 February 1943. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The force met with initial success in putting one of the main railways in Burma out of action. But afterward, Wingate led his force deep into Burma and then over the Irrawaddy River. The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River ( is a River that flows from north to south of Burma (Myanmar Once the Chindits had crossed over the river, the Japanese were able to box in the force. Wingate was eventually left with no choice but to give the order for the entire force to break up into small parties and return to India however they could. Group by group, the force returned to India by various routes during the spring of 1943, some directly and others through China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

There had been heavy losses and many in the army questioned the value of the operation, which also had the unintended effect of convincing the Japanese that certain sections of the Burma/India Frontier were not as impassable as they thought. The Japanese as a consequence started planning an offensive for 1944 into India.

However, the operation was still a success after a long string of disasters in the Far East. As publicity, it was used to prove to the army and those at home that the Japanese could be beaten and that British/Indian Troops could fight in the jungle and win. On his return, Wingate wrote an operations report, in which he again was highly critical of the army and of some of his own men. He also promoted unorthodox ideas, for example that British soldiers had become weak by having too easy an access to doctors in civilian life. The report was again passed through back-channels by Wingate's political friends in London directly to Churchill. Churchill then invited Wingate to London. Soon after Wingate arrived, Churchill decided to take him and his wife along to the Quebec Conference. The First Quebec Conference (codenamed "QUADRANT" was a high level military conference held during World War II between the British, Canadian There, Wingate explained his ideas of deep penetration warfare to Churchill, Roosevelt and many of the allied military leaders. Air power and radio, recent developments in warfare, would allow units to establish bases deep in enemy territory, breaching the outer defences and extend the range of conventional forces. The leaders were impressed, and larger scale deep penetration attacks were approved.

Once back in India, Wingate was promoted to acting major general, given six brigades and set out to plan the next mission. He contracted typhoid by drinking bad water on his way back to India. Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, bilious fever, Yellow Jack or commonly just typhoid, is an illness caused by the Bacterium This hindered both his training of the next batch of the Chindits, as well as the development of a plan for their use. The next mission was originally to have been an operation coordinated with offensive operations into North Burma by the rest of the army. When these operations were cancelled, Wingate decided to proceed into Burma anyway. The character of the 1944 operations were totally different to those of 1943. The new operations would establish fortified bases in Burma out of which the Chindits would conduct operations. A similar strategy was used by the French in Indochina years later at Dien Bien Phu. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Bataille de Diên Biên Phu Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ was the climactic battle of the First Indochina War between French Union

On 6 March 1944, new Chindits began arriving in Burma by glider and parachute to establish base areas in Japanese territory. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. By fortune of timing, the Japanese launched an invasion of India around the same time. The Chindit operations were able to disrupt the offensive and divert troops from the battles in India.

Death

On 24 March Wingate flew to assess the situations in three Chindit-held bases in Burma. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland On his way back to India, the US B-25 Mitchell plane, in which he was flying, crashed into a jungle-covered mountain, where he died alongside nine others.

Eccentricities

Wingate was known for various eccentricities. For instance, he often wore an alarm clock around his wrist, which would go off at times, and a raw onion on a string around his neck, which he would occasionally bite into as a snack. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan He often went about without clothing. In Palestine, recruits were used to having him come out of the shower to give them orders, wearing nothing but a shower cap, and continuing to scrub himself with a shower brush. Lord Moran, Winston Churchill's personal physician wrote in his diaries that "[Wingate] seemed to me hardly sane --- in medical jargon a borderline case. Charles McMoran Wilson 1st Baron Moran, MC (10 November 1882 – 12 April 1977 is most famous for being Sir Winston Churchill's personal physician "[2]

Commemoration

Orde Wingate was originally buried at the site of the air crash in the Naga Hills in 1944. In April 1947, his remains, and those of other victims of the crash, were moved to the British Military Cemetery in Imphal, India. Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. In the heart of the town and surrounded by a moat are ruins of the old Palace of Kangla In November 1950, all the remains were reinterred at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia in keeping with the custom of repatriating remains in mass graves to the country of origin of the majority of the soldiers. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state

A memorial to Orde Wingate and the Chindits stands on the north side of the Victoria Embankment, near Ministry of Defence headquarters in London. The Victoria Embankment, is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London. The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The facade commemorates the Chindits and the four men awarded the Victoria Cross. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The battalions that took part are listed on the sides, with non-infantry units mentioned by their parent formations. The rear of the monument is dedicated to Orde Wingate, and also mentions his contributions to the state of Israel. [3]

To commemorate Wingate's great assistance to the Zionist cause, Israel's National Centre for Physical Education and Sport, the Wingate Institute (Machon Wingate) was named after him. A square in the Rehavia neighborhood of Jerusalem, Wingate Square (Kikar Wingate), also bears his name, as does the Yemin Orde youth village near Haifa. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the A youth village (כפר נוער Kfar No'ar) is a Boarding school model first developed in pre-state Israel in the 1930s to care for groups of children Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with [4] A Jewish football club formed in London in 1946, Wingate F.C. was also named in his honour. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Wingate & Finchley FC is a football club from Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet, London.

A memorial stone in his honour stands in Charlton Cemetery, London SE4, where other members of the Orde Browne family are buried.

Family

Orde Wingate's son, Orde Jonathan Wingate, joined the Honourable Artillery Company and rose through the ranks to become the regiment's Commanding Officer and later Regimental Colonel. The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC is the oldest surviving Regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior in the He died in 2000 at the age of 56, and is survived by his wife and two daughters. Other members of the Wingate family live around England.

Further reading

Footnotes

  1. ^ Bickerton, Ian J. & Klausner, Carla L. A history of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Upper Saddle River New Jersey, Prentice Hall. 2007.
  2. ^ Wilson, Charles McMoran. Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 1966
  3. ^ Chindit Memorial, London
  4. ^ Mackubin Thomas Owens on Orde Wingate on National Review Online

Wingate by Col Prithvi Nath VSM His Relevance to Contemporary Warfare (Sterling Publishers 1990)

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