Commune of Oran
بلدية وهران
Oran's seaside
Map of Algeria highlighting Oran Province
Map of Oran Province highlighting Oran Municipality
ONS code	3101
Postal code	31000–31037
Province	Oran (seat)
District	Oran (coextensive)
PMA President	Saddek Benkada (2007–2012)
PMA Seats	33
Area	64 km² (25 sq mi)
Altitude	110 m (364 ft)
Population	683,250 (2006)
Density	10,676/km² (27,330/sq mi)
Time Zone	Central European Time (UTC+1)
Coat of arms of Oran

This article is about the city in Algeria. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the Algerian ministry charged with the collection and publication of Statistics related to the economy population and society List of Postal codes of cities in Algeria; the first two numbers stand for the provincial code; postal codes of larger cities are mostly formed of the provincial code ||-|} Algeria is currently divided into 48 Wilayas ( Provinces, 553 Daïras ( circles, or Counties) and 1541 Baladiyahs Oran is a province in Algeria whose seat is the city of the same name. The provinces of Algeria are divided into 553 Districts ( daïras) Oran ( Arabic:ar وهران pronounced Wahran; also transliterated as Ouahran, Spanish: Orán. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2012 ( MMXII) will be a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Municipal Assembly is the political body governing the municipalities of Algeria. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time For other uses see Oran (disambiguation). Oran or Orán may refer to;Algeria Oran (Arabic ولاية وهران) a city in northwest Algeria situated on the Mediterranean coast

Oran (Arabic:وهران, pronounced Wahran; also transliterated as Ouahran, Spanish: Orán. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language From the Berber word Wahran, the plural of Wahra, i. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today e. "lion", hence Wahran means "two lions") is a city on the Mediterranean coast in northwestern Algeria. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Oran marked the largest westernmost metropolitan area of the then Ottoman Empire. During French rule in Algeria Oran was a prefecture in the Oran département. French rule of Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962 under a variety of governmental systems Oran is a former French département in Algeria existing from 1848 until 1962 It is now the capital of the much smaller Oran Province (wilaya). Oran is a province in Algeria whose seat is the city of the same name. A wilāyah (ولاية or vilâyet (in Persian and Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division usually The city has a population of about 1 million, and the urban area has a population of about 2 million making it the 2nd largest city in Algeria. ^[1] Oran is a major port, and since the 1960s has been a commercial, industrial, and educational centre for Western Algeria. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Berber-Arab-Islamic Period 1.2 Spanish Period 1.3 Ottoman Period 1.4 French Period 2 Etymology 3 Oran today 4 Culture 5 Fiction 6 City districts 6.1 El Hamri 6.2 Sidi El Houari 7 Oranian agglomeration 7.1 Mers-El-Kébir 7.2 Aïn-El-Turck 7.3 Es-Sénia 7.4 Bir-El-Djir 7.5 Misserghin 8 Tourism 9 Transportation 10 International Marathon 11 Sister cities 12 References 13 External links

History

Oran was founded in 903 by Moorish Andalusian traders^[2] but was captured by the Spanish under Cardinal Cisneros in 1509. Events By Place Europe The Vikings invade England. Asia Abaoji is named commander The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Spanish sovereignty lasted until 1708, when the city was conquered by the Ottomans. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Spain recaptured the city in 1732. Year 1732 ( MDCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a However, its value as a trading post had decreased greatly, so King Charles IV sold the city to the Turks in 1792. Charles IV ( November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Ottoman rule lasted until 1831, when it fell to the French. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

During French rule over Algeria, Oran was the capital of a département of the same name (number 92). France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative In July 1940, the British navy shelled French warships in the port after they refused a British ultimatum designed to ensure they would not fall into German hands. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Attack on Mers-el-Kébir, also known as Operation Catapult, was a hostile engagement off the coast of French Algeria where a British Royal Navy The action increased the hatred of the Vichy regime for Britain but convinced the world of the British will to fight on alone against Nazi Germany and its allies. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The puppet Vichy government held Oran during World War II until its capture by the Allies in late 1942, during Operation Torch. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British - American invasion of French North Africa in World War II

Before the Algerian War of Independence, 1954-1962, Oran had one of the highest proportions of Europeans of any city in North Africa. The Algerian War ( French: Guerre d'Algérie; 1954-1962 also known as Algerian War of Independence, led to Algeria 's independence from However, by the end of the war, most of the Europeans and Sephardic Jews living in Oran had fled to France. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural A massacre of Europeans, four days after the vote for Algerian independence, triggered the exodus to France. The Oran massacre of 1962 was a massacre of civilians in Oran, Algeria on July 5, 1962, at the end of the Algerian War (1954–62 Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's In less than three months Oran lost about half its population.

Berber-Arab-Islamic Period

• 910–1082: Oran became a perpetual object of conflict between the Umayyads of Spain and the Fatimides of Kairouan. Kairouan ( Arabic القيروان (also known as Kirwan, Al Qayrawan) is a Muslim holy city which ranks after Mecca, Medina
• 1082–1145: Presence of Almoravides of Morocco. The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa In 1145, Ibrahim Ben Ta chfin perished in Oran while fighting against the already victorious Almohades troops in front of Tlemcen. Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the the province of the same name.
• 1145–1238: Presence of Almohades of Marrakech. The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i Marrakesh or Marrakech ( Amazigh: Murakush, Arabic مراكش Murrakush) known as the "Red City" 1147 marked the beginning of persecution against Oran's Jews.
• 1238–1509: Presence of the Zianides of Tlemcen and then the Marinid dynasty of Fes. Abdalwadid is the name of a Berber Zenata dynasty in North Africa Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the the province of the same name. The Anglicised name used for this article derives from the Arabic Banu Marin (also Benī Merīn, which is the source of the Spanish name Fes or Fez ( Arabic: فاس, French Fès is the fourth largest City in Morocco, after Casablanca, Rabat The protection by the Emir, the customs system (tariffs), trade with Marseilles, and the Italian Maritime Republics of Genoa and Venice, with whom,in 1250, Oran signed a commercial treaty of forty year's duration, made the Oranians rich. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ The it '''Repubbliche Marinare''' ( Italian for " Maritime Republics " is the collective name of a number of important City-states which flourished in Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica So much so, that toward the end of the XIVth century, celebrated Arab historian Ibn Khaldoun wrote the following, "Oran is superior to all other cities by its trade. Ibn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun (full name أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون,, ( May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH &ndash March 19 It's a paradise for the unhappy one. Those who arrive poor in its walls, will leave it again rich. " The city excelled in the exportation of lead, wool, skins, fine burnous, carpets, haïks, cumin, nuts, and galls, without forgetting the draft of black slaves.

Spanish Period

Before the Spaniards, the Portuguese launched a failed expedition to capture the city in July 1501. Four years later, the Spanish took Mers-el-Kébir, located just four miles to the west of the Oran. Mers-el-Kébir (المرسى الكبير “the Great Harbor” is a port town in northwestern Algeria, located by the Mediterranean Sea near Oran Thus began the first organized incursions against the city which, at the time, numbered 25,000 inhabitants and counted 6,000 fueros. Count Pedro Navarro, on the orders of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, captured the city on May 17, 1509. Don Pedro Navarro Count of Oliveto ( Garde, Navarre, c 1460 – Castel Nuovo, Naples, 1528 was a Spanish engineer Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.

By 1554, the Turks had reach Algiers, and then governor of Oran, Count d'Alcaudete, allied himself with Moroccan Sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh against them. Mawlay Mohammed ash-Sheikh ash Sharif al-Hassani al-Drawi at-Tagmadert (died 1557 was the first sultan of the Saadi dynasty ruling over Morocco (1544-1557 Nine years later, in 1563, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis de Santa Cruz, built the fort of Santa-Cruz, strategically placed at the top of a mountain, l'Aïdour, more than 1,000' above the sea, directly to the west of the city. Don Álvaro de Bazán 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, lord of the Villas of Viso and Valdepeñas largest Commander of León Member of his Majesty Council Captain General Pedro Garcerán de Borja, Grand Master of the Order of Montesa, was captain of Oran when, on July 14, 1568, John of Austria (the illegitimate son of Charles I and thus the paternal half-brother of King Philip II), led a flotilla of 33 galleys against the Algerians. The Order of Montesa was a Christian Military order, territorially limited to the Kingdom of Aragón. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598

The Spanish rebuilt the fortress of Santa Cruz to accommodate their city governors. "The fortifications of the place were composed of thick and continuous walls of over two and a half kilometers in circumference, surmounted by strong towers spaced between them," with a central castle or kasbah where the Spanish governor established his headquarters. A kasbah ( Arabic: "القصبة" or Qassabah is a unique kind of medina, Islamic city or fortress The city under Spanish rule continued to grow, requiring enlargement of the city walls. In spite of the improved fortifications, the city was the object of repeated attacks. Notable in this regard, Moroccan Sharif Moulay Ismail tried to force his way past the defenses in 1707, only to see his army decimated. Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif ( 1634? or 1645?-1727 reigned 1672-1727 (مولاي إسماعيل بن الشريف ابن النصر was the second ruler of the Moroccan

Ottoman Period

The Spaniards occupied the city until 1708, when they were driven out by Turkish Bey Mustapha Ben Youssef (also known as Bouchelaghem). Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups The Spanish returned in 1732 when the armada of the Duke of Montemar was victorious in the Battle of Aïn-el-Turk. José Carrillo de Albornoz duque de Montemar (Sevilla 1671 - Madrid 1747 was a Spanish Army commander who conquered the Two Sicilies and Oran.

In the night after October 8, 1790, a violent earthquake claimed more than 3,000 victims in less than seven minutes. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Thereafter King Charles IV saw no advantage in continuing the occupation of the city, which had become increasingly expensive and perilous. Charles IV ( November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication He initiated discussions with the Bey of Algiers. At about the time Spain was establishing its Presidios in the Maghreb, the Muslim Privateer brothers Aruj and Khair A treaty handing over the city was signed on September 12, 1792. After another earthquake had damaged the Spanish defences, Bey Ben Othman's forces took possession of Oran on October 8 of the same year. In 1796, the Pasha Mosque (in honour of Hassan Pasha, Dey of Algeria), was built by the Turks with ransom money paid for the release of Spanish prisoners after Spain's final departure. Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (1713-1790 ( Hasan Pasha of Algiers) was an Ottoman grand vizier, Kaptan Pasha and an army commander of the Dey (Arabic داي from Turkish Dayı) was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers ( Algeria) and Tunis ( Tunisia) under In 1830 the Beys moved their capital from Mascara to Oran. Mascara is the capital city of Mascara Province, Algeria, in northwestern Algeria.

French Period

The town of 10,000 inhabitants was still in the possession of the Ottoman Empire, when a squadron under the command of captain Bourmand seized el-Kébir on December 14, 1830. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The city was in a wretched state. On January 4, 1831, the French commanded by General Denys de Damrémont occupied Oran. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a In September 1830 the King appointed a police chief with the function of mayor in Algiers. In September 1831, General Berthezène made Mr. Pujol, captain of cavalry in retirement and wounded at the right hand under the Empire, mayor of Oran. In 1832, at the head of five thousand men, a young Emir called Abd al-Qadir attacks Oran. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian `Abd al-Qādir al-Jazā'irī ( 6 September, 1808 - 26 May, 1883, in Arabic عبد القادر الجزائري was an In April 1833, commander-in-chief, General Boyer, leaves Oran and is replaced by the baron Louis Alexis Desmichels. The city, attacked by Abd el Kader, holds good.

• 1836: General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name. At the beginning of 1837 General Bugeaud arrives in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (The Treaty of Tafna, May 20) with Emir Abd El-Kader. Thomas Robert Bugeaud Marquis de la Piconnerie Duc d'Isly ( October 15, 1784 - June 10, 1849) was a Marshal of France and The Treaty of Tafna was signed by both Abd-el-Kader and General Thomas Robert Bugeaud on May 30, 1837. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held On November 14 the Emir signs a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its authority to the west of Algiers except for Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
• 1845: Construction of the "Village Nègre" by General Lamoricière . Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière ( 5 September 1806 - 11 September 1865) was a French General.
• 1847: Following a dramatic dryness during several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes and decimates a big part of the population of Oran.
• From 1848, Oran becomes prefecture of the department of the same name. Oran is a former French département in Algeria existing from 1848 until 1962 Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares). A civil hospital is built.
• 1849: Construction of the vault of the Virgin to get rid of the cholera. The members of the first general council of Oran, named by Emperor Napoleon III, meet on December 5, 1858 with the prefecture, with as chairman Jules de Pre de Saint-Maur. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

• 1866: July 25. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Creation of the oran diocesis.
• 1880: Beginning of the construction of the Large synagogue of Oran. Oran knows a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.
• 1881: Appearance of the first trams pulled by two horses.
• 1886: Inauguration of Hotel de Ville, the City Hall.
• 1899: First electric trams.
• 1900: the city has 90,000 inhabitants.
• 1907: Construction of the theatre.
• 1909: December 14: on a ground of Sénia, the first resounding flight in Oran is carried out by Julien Serviès, with a Sommer monoplane. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, always in Sénia, in the presence of Marshal Lyautey. Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey ( November 17, 1854 - July 27, 1934) was a French general the first Resident-General
• 1913: Opening to the worship of the Cathedral Sacré Coeur.
• 1930: Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious, completing the urbanisation of the first crown, in its part directed towards the interior of the country; these districts are higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité. . . This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta. . . )
• 1930–32: Sénia, the Oran aérodrome, is where several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.
• 1940: Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.
• 1940: July 3: the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, causing the loss of three battleships: Dunkirk, Provence and Brittany. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Mers-el-Kébir (المرسى الكبير “the Great Harbor” is a port town in northwestern Algeria, located by the Mediterranean Sea near Oran One thousand two hundred sailors perish.
• 1942: November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy the British and the Americans land at Arzew and Oran capitulates on November 10. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
• 1950: Oran has 256,661 inhabitants. Sixty-five percent of the total of Europeans is of Spanish origin more than the total number of Muslims in the city.
• 1957: Construction of the municipal stage baptized "Fouques-Duparc", with a capacity of forty-five thousand places.
• 1958: June 6: visit by General de Gaulle. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French
• 1960: First barricades.
• 1961: August: appearance of the OAS. The census gives the population of Oran 400,000 inhabitants: 220,000 Europeans and 180,000 Moslims.
• 1962: Recrudescence of the attacks. One of the chiefs of the OAS, Edmond Jouhaud, is arrested on March 25. Edmond Jouhaud ( April 2, 1905 &ndash September 4, 1995) was one of four French generals who briefly staged a putsch in Algeria in Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. In June he sets fire to port with ten million tons of fuel darkening the sky of the city. The Muslim reaction, later known as the Oran massacre of 1962, ended the French presence in the city. The Oran massacre of 1962 was a massacre of civilians in Oran, Algeria on July 5, 1962, at the end of the Algerian War (1954–62

Etymology

The name Oran is a Turkish name meaning beautiful fort. A locally popular legend tells that in the period around 900 BC there were sightings of lions in the area. The two last felines were killed in a mountain near the city of Oran which is called now La montagne des Lions (Mountain of Lions). In fact, there are two giant lion statues in front of Oran's city hall. The twin lions are Oran's symbol.

Oran today

Today, Oran is a major port and a commercial centre, and has three universities. The old quarter of Oran has a casbah and an 18th-century mosque. The Casbah ( French) or as transliterated from Arabic Qasba (from qasba, قصبة ' Citadel ' is specifically the citadel of Algiers A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger

Culture

The folk music Raï ("opinion" in Arabic), had its beginnings in Oran. Raï (راي is a form of folk music, originated in Oran Algeria from Bedouin Shepherds mixed with Spanish, French, This genre of music was formulated by shepherds in the 1930s through Arab and European influences. This music was surrounded by controversy due to women's key role in public performances of the music, as well as the hedonistic lyrics about love and alcohol. This led to strict governmental control in the area which led to arrests, injuries, and assassinations. ^[3] Many famous Raï musicians (including Cheb Hasni, Cheb Khaled and Rachid Taha) hail from Oran. Cheb Hasni ( Arabic: الشاب حسني) born Hasni Chakroun ( February 1 1968 &ndash September 29 1994 Khaled Hadj Brahim (born 29 February 1960) better known as Khaled (خالد حاج ابراهيم is a Raï singer-songwriter and Rachid Taha ( Arabic: رشيد طه (born 1958 in Oran, Algeria) is an French - Algerian Musician His music is influenced The violinist Akim el Sikameya was also born in Oran.

Fiction

El Gallardo Español 1615 by Miguel de Cervantes and Albert Camus's 1947 novel The Plague take place in Oran. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist Albert Camus ( (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960 was an Algerian born French Author, philosopher, and journalist who won the Nobel prize Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Plague ( Fr. La Peste) is a Novel by Albert Camus, published in 1947, that tells the story

Part of Arturo Pérez-Reverte's 2006 Capitán Alatriste adventure novel Corsarios de Levante (Pirates of the Levant) takes place in early 17th-century Oran. Arturo Pérez-Reverte (November 25 1951 Cartagena Spain) is a Spanish Novelist and Journalist. The action of the book occurs just a few years after the forced expulsion of last Moriscos (Spanish Muslims) from Valencia. There are vivid descriptions of Oran as a sun-blasted North African military stronghold, largely forgotten by the King of Spain and his advisors, whose attention is focused on the wars in the Low Countries and the treasure fleets from the Americas. Fictional hero Capitán Diego Alatriste and his ward Íñigo Balboa find Oran to be manned by an impoverished garrison of Christian Spaniards, living alongside Muslims (some fiercely loyal to Spain), and Sephardic Jews, themselves refugees from the 1492 expulsions ordered by the Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabel).

City districts

El Hamri

El Hamri is a large popular district in the center of Oran known under French rule as Lamur. One finds there the football club Mouloudia d'Oran.

Neighborhood Streets

• Avenue of Lamur
• Street Captain-Rahou
• Sebbalet Ayada
• Place The Sahara
• Gahwat Ettoubi
• Street Staoueli
• Street Djemaa Gazouna

Sidi El Houari

The historical district is a suburb in the north of the d'Oran city. One finds l ancian Saint-Louis college there, as well as the old mosque of the Pasha dating from the XVIIe century. In this district the skin of Saint-Patron of the city in the name of "Sidi El Houari" rests;. D'autres tourist curiosities: one ancient prefecture of the data base Stalingrad, the Spanish vestiges dating from XVI century, and especially the Palate of the Bey d'Oran.

Oranian agglomeration

The Oranian metropolis comprises several communes.

Mers-El-Kébir

This commune is located at the North-West of Oran to a few 7 km of the centre town. It is also a maritime base and a naval station as its name implies—which means "The Great Port"—sits of the Algerian national navy. Very pretty commune.

Aïn-El-Turck

The Aïn-el-Turck commune, whose name means Eye of Turks (in reference to the blue color) is also located at the North-West of Oran to 15 km of the center. It is a seaside resort which includes several hotels and other tourist attractions. The landscape of this commune is continually improving thanks to the many infrastructure projects under way.

Es-Sénia

This commune is in the South of Oran with 7km center. It shelters industrial parks, several university institutes (Oran-Es-Sénia University, Institut of Communication, ENSET "Higher Teacher training school", CRASC "Research center in social sciences", etc. ) and the international airport.

Bir-El-Djir

This commune depends on Bir-El-Djir and composes the suburbs Is of Oran (apart from the districts). It is the future c?ur beating Oranian agglomeration. It includes several buildings which are the seats of companies with a modernistic architecture (Sonatrach, in construction), the new CHU "November 1, 1954", the Palate of the Congresses, l University of sciences and technology (conceived by the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange (1913-2005)), l'Institut of medical sciences, and the Court of Justice. This commune is the urban extension to the East of the town of Oran, to 8 km of the center, with a population of 118. 000 habitants. et the projects: Olympic stage of 50. 000 places, its name means Clay Pit.

Misserghin

This is a small peaceful city in the Western extreme of the metropolis, having its fans Misserghin and its Tour operators Misserghin-Tours in order to promote tourism in the radiant and green area of this locality.

Tourism

Oran has numerous hotels in all categories, from luxury to basic, as well as many restaurants offering Algerian specialities and other foods. Tourists will also find a variety of cinemas, arts centres, the regional theatre, an open-air theatre, nights clubs, the Museum, the historic city centre of Oran, the district of Sidi El Houari, the municipal gardens, Médina Djedida with its artisanal products, the cathedral, Djebel Murdjadjo, and nearby seaside resorts. International airport Es-Senia is 12 km from the centre town. One can also reach Oran by ferries from the ports of Marseilles, Sète, Alicante and Almería, via the national company Algérie Ferries. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Sète ( Seta in Occitan) is a commune in the Hérault department in Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France ||-||} Alicante ( Spanish language) or Alacant ( Valencian) is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the

Transportation

The city has limited means of transport, which do not cover sufficiently the on-urban zones. The entreprise ETO (Company of Oranian Transport) acquired new buses bright burning coal to cover the request to a total value of 70%. But that remains insufficient within sight of the d'usagers number, in particular the students who attend the two large universities. A thing is however certain: the face of the city radically will be transformed thanks to the nearest setting in?uvre of the Tram d'Oran, whose project of feasibility was finalized and validated by the local authorities in December 2005. Work will start in 2008/9 and will last approximately two to three years, to deliver the first line of the tram in 2009. It should comprise 31 stations, distributed on 17,7 kilometers going d'Es-Sénia, in the South, jusqu'à Sidi Maarouf, with l'Est, while passing by the centre town (Place of the 1Template:Er November). The tram should serve the locality d'Haï Sabbah, l University of Sciences and Technology (USTO), the Crossroads of the Three Private clinics, the Law courts, Dar El Baïda, the Plate-Saint Michel, the Place of the 1Template:Er November, Saint-Anthony, Boulanger, Saint-Hubert, the 3×10^{{{1}}} Ring road and finally l University Es-Sénia. The Oran Es Senia Airport, for domestic and internationals flights. Oran Es Sénia Airport (مطار السانية / وهران is an Airport located 4

International Marathon

Oran held its first international marathon on November 10, 2005. The event, sponsored by Toyota of Algeria, attracted runners from Morocco, Libya, Spain, France, and Kenya. The marathon served to publicize the health benefits of running and to provide a novel form of public entertainment for the city's residents.

Sister cities

• Alicante, Spain
• Bordeaux, France
• Havana, Cuba
• Dakar, Senegal
• Durban, South Africa
• Gdansk, Poland
• Sfax, Tunisia
• Zarka, Jordan

References

External links

• Visit Oran—Voted in 2007 as "Oran's best website" by the ministry of culture and Panoramic Tours. Mostly dedicated to tourism. Features photo galleries, short films, news, city guides & information, hotel info & reservation forms, forum. . .
• Le Souk d'Oran—Oran student’s community
• Oran's Community FORUM—The Community Discussion Forum for Oran and tourism.
• (English) Audio interview with Oran resident about life in Oran.
• Oran MAPS—Detailed maps of the Oran Region and City.
• (French) Oran-dz

• Oran is at coordinates 35°41′49″N 0°37′59″W / 35.6969, -0.6331 (Oran)Coordinates: 35°41′49″N 0°37′59″W / 35.6969, -0.6331 (Oran)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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