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Ophiussa, also spelled Ophiusa, is the ancient name given by the ancient Greeks to what is now Portuguese territory. Portugal is a European Nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. The Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Hominins c In Latin poetry Oestreminis ("Extreme West" was a name given to the territory of what is today modern Portugal, comparable to Finis terrae, the The Gallaeci, Callaeci, or Callaici were a Pre- Roman Celtic single or various tribes living in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman The Celtici were a Celtic tribe of the Iberian peninsula, akin either to the Lusitanians and Gallaecians or the Celtiberians, living The Cynetes or Conii were a one of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Low Alentejo regions of southern The Roman conquest of Hispania was a historical period that began with the Roman landing at Empúries in 218 BC and ended with the Roman conquest of the Iberian The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western The Lusitanian War, called the Purinos Polemos (meaning Fiery War) was a war of resistance fought between the advancing legions of the Roman Republic Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Visigothic kingdom was a Western European power from the fifth to eighth century one of the Successor states to the Western Roman Empire, originally The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian political entity to be established in the Iberian peninsula after the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Condado de Portucale was the first County founded in Portugal. The County of Coimbra (Condado de Coimbra was a political entity instituted as a military unit of defense in the borders of the Kingdom of Galicia in the Iberian Peninsula The Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal was formed in 1065 after the County of Portugal declared Independence following Condado Portucalense was the second County founded in Portugal. The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal 's general designation under the monarchy. The history of Portugal, in most of the 12th and 13th centuries is chiefly that of its origin as a separate state in the process of the Christian The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal ( 1279 - 1415) 1279 Until the Early 14th Century The chief problems now confronting the monarchy For additional context see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta This article is a comprehensive list of all the actual possessions of the Portuguese Empire Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 The History of Portugal from the beginning of Maria I's reign in 1777 to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834 spans a complex historic period in which several The Portuguese First Republic (Primeira República spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the Constitutional Monarchy The Ditadura Nacional ( Portuguese for National Dictatorship was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the election of President Óscar Carmona Estado Novo ( Portuguese for " New State " pron (ɨʃ'tadu 'novu also known as the Second Republic) is the name of the Portuguese The Portuguese Third Republic is a period in the History of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution Euro 2004 Euro 2004 was won by Greece The final match was played by Greece and Portugal. This article covers the economic history of Portugal. Portugal was once one of the largest and most powerful political and economic powers in the world The Military history of Portugal is as long as the history of the country, either before the emergence of the socio-political reality of an independent Portuguese state The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin brought there by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century Medieval music Liturgical repertoire In the early days of the Catholic Church several local liturgies developed such as the Gallican in France the Sarum in England This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. It means Land of Serpents.
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The expulsion of the Oestrimni
The 4th century Roman poet Rufus Avienus Festus, writing on geographical subjects in Ora Maritima ("Seacoasts"), a document inspired by a Greek mariners' Periplus, related that the Oestriminis (Extreme West in Latin) was peopled by the Oestrimni, a people that had been living there for a long time; they had to flee their homeland after an invasion of serpents. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Avienus was a Latin writer of the 4th century His full name Postumius Rufius Festus (qui et Avien(ius is mentioned on an inscription from Bulla Regia Periplus is the Latinization of an Ancient Greek word περίπλους ( periplous, contracted from periploos) literally "a sailing-around In Latin poetry Oestreminis ("Extreme West" was a name given to the territory of what is today modern Portugal, comparable to Finis terrae, the Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or These people could be linked to the Saephe or Ophis ("People of the Serpents") and the Dragani ("People of the Dragons"), who came to those lands and built the territorial entity the Greeks termed Ophiussa.
The expulsion of the Oestrimni, from Ora Maritima:
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The "serpent people" of the semi-mythical Ophiussa in the far west are noted in ancient Greek sources.
Land of the Ophi
The Ophi people lived mainly in the inland mountains of Northern Portugal (and Galicia). Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Others say they lived mainly by the estuaries of the rivers Douro and Tagus. The Douro or Duero ( Latin: Durius, Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro, pron. The Tagus ( Latin Tagus, Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo, pron. The Ophi worshiped serpents, hence Land of Serpents. A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. There have surfaced a few archeological findings that could be related to this people or culture. Some believe that the dragon, symbol of the city of Porto is related to this people, or to the Celts who later invaded the area and could also have been influenced by the Ophi cult. European dragons are Legendary creatures in Folklore and Mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts
Ophi legend
A legend relates that on the summer solstice a maiden-serpent, a chthonic goddess, reveals hidden treasures to people journeying through forests. Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes Chthonic (from Greek χθόνιος khthonios "of the earth" from khthōn "earth" pertaining to the Earth; earthy subterranean This maiden would live in the city of Porto. Festivities related to this goddess occurred during the solstice. During the rest of the year, she would change into a snake living under or among rocks, and shepherds would set aside some milk from their flocks as an offering to her.
Notes
- ^ The point being that ὄφις (ophis) means "snake" in Greek.
See also
- Lusitania
- Lusitanian mythology
- History of Portugal
- Timeline of Portuguese history - Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC)
External links
- Ora Maritima (in Latin) at The Latin Library
- Culto a la serpiente en el mundo Antiguo Serpent cult in the Ancient Word (in Spanish)
- Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
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