This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

Open Game
Moves	1. e4 e5
ECO	C20-C99
Parent	King's Pawn Game
Synonym(s)	Double King Pawn game
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An Open Game (or Double King Pawn game) is a chess opening which begins with the White moves

1. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess The term King's Pawn Game refers to any Chess opening starting with the move 1 In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article e4 e5

White has moved the King's pawn forward two places and Black mirrors this reply, the result is called an Open Game. Other responses to 1. e4 are termed Semi-Open Games, or Single King's Pawn Games. A Semi-Open Game is a Chess opening in which White plays 1e4 and Black breaks symmetry immediately by replying with a move other than 1

Contents 1 Analysis 2 Defenses 3 Variations 4 See also 5 References

Analysis

White starts by playing 1. e4. This is the most popular opening move and it has many strengths — it immediately works on controlling the center, and it frees two pieces (the queen and a bishop). The queen (♕♛ is the most powerful piece in the game of Chess. A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops The oldest openings in chess follow 1. e4. Bobby Fischer rated 1. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster e4 as "best by test". On the downside, 1. e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens the squares d4 and f4; the Hungarian master Gyula Breyer melodramatically declared that "After 1. The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry Gyula Breyer ( April 30, 1893 – November 9, 1921) was a Hungarian Chess player e4 White's game is in its last throes". If Black mirrors White's move and replies with 1. . . e5, the result is an open game (Hooper & Whyld 1992), (Watson 2006:87-90). An Open Game (or Double King Pawn game is a Chess opening which begins with the White moves 1 An Open Game (or Double King Pawn game is a Chess opening which begins with the White moves 1

Defenses

The most popular second move for White is 2. Nf3 attacking Black's king pawn, preparing for a kingside castling, and anticipating the advance of the queen pawn to d4. The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order Black's most common reply is 2. . . Nc6, which usually leads to the Ruy Lopez (3. The Ruy Lopez, called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game outside English speaking countries, is a Chess opening characterised by the moves Bb5), Italian Game (3. The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4), or Scotch Game (3. The Scotch Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 d4). If Black instead maintains symmetry and counterattacks White's center with 2. . . Nf6 then the Petrov's Defense results. Petrov's Defence, sometimes called Petroff's Defense or the Russian Game, is a Chess opening characterized by the following moves 1

The most popular alternatives to 2. Nf3 are 2. Nc3 (the Vienna Game), 2. The Vienna Game is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1 Bc4 (the Bishop's Opening) and 2. The Bishop's Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 f4 (the King's Gambit). The King's Gambit is a Chess opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2 f4 White offers a pawn to divert the Black e-pawn All of these three openings have some similarities with each other, in particular the Bishop's Opening frequently transposes to variations of the Vienna Game. A transposition in Chess is a sequence of moves that results in a position which may also be reached by another more common sequence of moves The King's Gambit was extremely popular in the 19th century. White sacrifices a pawn for quick development and to pull a black pawn out of the center. The Vienna Game also frequently features attacks on the Black center by means of a f2-f4 pawn advance.

In the Center Game,(2. The Center Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 d4), White immediately opens the center but if the pawn is to be recovered after 2. . . exd4, White must contend with a slightly premature queen development after 3. Qxd4. An alternative is to sacrifice one or two pawns, for example in the Danish Gambit (3. The Danish Gambit, known as the de Nordisches Gambit (Nordic Gambit in German and the nl Noors Gambit (Norwegian Gambit in Dutch is a Chess opening c3). The early queen developments of the Parham Attack (2. The Parham Attack, also known as the Wayward Queen Attack, Danvers Attack, or the Patzer Opening, is an irregular Chess opening beginning with Qh5) and the Napoleon Opening (2. The Napoleon Opening is an irregular Chess opening starting with 1 Qf3) look amateurish. Indeed they are generally only played by novices, but the Parham Attack has been played in a few grandmaster tournament games. The Portuguese Opening (2. The Portuguese Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 Bb5), Alapin's Opening (2. Alapin's Opening is an unusual Chess opening that starts with the moves 1 Ne2), Konstantinopolsky Opening (3. The Konstantinopolsky Opening is a rarely played Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 g3), and Inverted Hungarian Opening (3. The Inverted Hungarian Opening or Tayler Opening is an uncommon Chess opening that starts with the moves 1 Be2) are rare, offbeat tries for White.

Of the defenses in this section, only the Damiano Defense (2. The Damiano Defense is a Chess opening characterized by the opening moves e4 e5 Nf3 f6? Black's 2 . . f6) is truly bad, although the Elephant Gambit (2. The Elephant Gambit (also called the Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit or Englund Counterattack) is a rarely played Chess opening beginning with the moves . . d5) and the Latvian Gambit (2. The Latvian Gambit is an aggressive Chess opening, which often leads to wild and tricky positions . . f5) are very risky for Black. The Philidor Defense (2. The Philidor Defence is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1 . . d6) is not popular in modern chess because it allows White an easy space advantage while Black remains solid but cramped and passive.

Variations

Examples of open games:

• 1. e4 e5 2. Bb5 Portuguese Opening
• 1. The Portuguese Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. c3 Lopez Opening
• 1. The Lopez Opening or MacLeod Attack is a Chess opening characterized by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nc3 Vienna Game
• 1. The Vienna Game is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Bc4 Bishop's Opening
• 1. The Bishop's Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 Danish Gambit
• 1. The Danish Gambit, known as the de Nordisches Gambit (Nordic Gambit in German and the nl Noors Gambit (Norwegian Gambit in Dutch is a Chess opening e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Center Game
• 1. The Center Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Ne2 Alapin's Opening
• 1. Alapin's Opening is an unusual Chess opening that starts with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Ruy Lopez
• 1. The Ruy Lopez, called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game outside English speaking countries, is a Chess opening characterised by the moves e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. c3 Ponziani Opening
• 1. The Ponziani Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 without 3. . . Nf6 Three Knights Game
• 1. The Three Knights Opening is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 Four Knights Game
• 1. The Four Knights Game is a Chess opening starting with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Italian Game
• 1. The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning 1 e4 e5 2 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 Giuoco Piano
• 1. The Giuoco Piano is a Chess opening characterized by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Evans Gambit
• 1. The Evans Gambit is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Be7 Hungarian Defense
• 1. The Hungarian Defense is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 Two Knights Defense
• 1. The Two Knights Defense is a Chess opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 Scotch Game
• 1. The Scotch Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Be2 Inverted Hungarian Opening
• 1. The Inverted Hungarian Opening or Tayler Opening is an uncommon Chess opening that starts with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. g3 Konstantinopolsky Opening
• 1. The Konstantinopolsky Opening is a rarely played Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 d5!? Elephant Gambit
• 1. The Elephant Gambit (also called the Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit or Englund Counterattack) is a rarely played Chess opening beginning with the moves e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 Philidor Defense
• 1. The Philidor Defence is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 f5 Latvian Gambit
• 1. The Latvian Gambit is an aggressive Chess opening, which often leads to wild and tricky positions e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6 Damiano Defense
• 1. The Damiano Defense is a Chess opening characterized by the opening moves e4 e5 Nf3 f6? Black's 2 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 Petrov's Defense
• 1. Petrov's Defence, sometimes called Petroff's Defense or the Russian Game, is a Chess opening characterized by the following moves 1 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Qf6 Greco Defense
• 1. The Greco Defence or McConnell Defense,named after Gioachino Greco, is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Qf3?! Napoleon Opening
• 1. The Napoleon Opening is an irregular Chess opening starting with 1 e4 e5 2. f4 King's Gambit
• 1. The King's Gambit is a Chess opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2 f4 White offers a pawn to divert the Black e-pawn e4 e5 2. Qh5!? Parham Attack
• 1. The Parham Attack, also known as the Wayward Queen Attack, Danvers Attack, or the Patzer Opening, is an irregular Chess opening beginning with e4 e5 2. Bd3?! Tortoise Opening
• 1. The Tortoise Opening is a dubious Chess opening characterized by the moves 1 e4 e5 2. Ke2? Boungcloud Attack

See also

• Chess Opening
• List of chess openings
• Encyclopedia of Chess Openings
• King's Pawn Game
• Semi-Open Game (1. In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article This is a list of chess openings, organized by the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO code The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess The term King's Pawn Game refers to any Chess opening starting with the move 1 A Semi-Open Game is a Chess opening in which White plays 1e4 and Black breaks symmetry immediately by replying with a move other than 1 e4 other)
• Closed Game (1. A Closed Game, also called a Double Queen Pawn Opening, is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 d4 d5)
• Semi-Closed Game (1. A Semi-Closed Game (or Semi-Closed Opening) is a Chess opening in which White opens with the queen's pawn 1 d4 other)
• Flank opening (1. A flank opening is a chess opening played by White and typified by play on one or both flanks (the portion of the chess board outside the central d and e files) c4, 1. Nf3, 1. f4, and others)
• Irregular chess opening

References

• Hooper, David & Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (second ed. Irregular openings are Chess openings with an unusual first move from White David Vincent Hooper ( 31 August 1915 - May 1998 born in Reigate, was a British Chess player and writer Kenneth Whyld ( March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British Chess author and researcher best known as the co-author (with The Oxford Companion to Chess is a reference Book on Chess written by David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld. ), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-866164-9 
• Watson, John (2006), Mastering the Chess Openings, vol 1, Gambit, ISBN 978-1-904600-60-2 

John L Watson is a Chess International Master and author Watson was born in 1951 and grew up in Omaha, Nebraska, and was educated

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