| Oolong tea | |
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| Rolled Oolong tea leaves | |
| Traditional Chinese: | 烏龍茶 |
| Simplified Chinese: | 乌龙茶 |
| Min Nan POJ: | O·-liông tê |
| Literal meaning: | black dragon tea |
Oolong (Chinese: 烏龍 → wūlóng) is a traditional Chinese tea somewhere between green and black in oxidation. Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian Black is the Color of objects that do not emit or Reflect Light in any part of the Visible spectrum; they absorb all such frequencies of The dragon is a Legendary creature of which some interpretation or depiction appears in almost every culture worldwide Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Green tea is a type of Tea made solely with the leaves of Camellia sinensis, that has undergone minimal Oxidation during processing Black tea is a variety of Tea that is more oxidized than the Oolong, green, and white varieties It ranges from 10% to 70% oxidation. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state [1]
In Chinese tea culture, semi-oxidized oolong teas are collectively grouped as qīngchá (Chinese: 青茶; literally "blue-green tea"). Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of Tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China [2] Oolong has a taste more akin to green tea than to black tea: it lacks the rosy, sweet aroma of black tea but it likewise does not have the stridently grassy vegetal notes that typify green tea. It is commonly brewed to be strong, with the bitterness leaving a sweet aftertaste. Several subvarieties of oolong, including those produced in the Wuyi Mountains of northern Fujian and in the central mountains of Taiwan, are among the most famous Chinese teas. The Wuyi Mountains ( POJ: Bu-i Soaⁿ are a mountain range located at the prefecture Nanping, at the northern border of Fujian (Hok-kian Province This article is about the People's Republic of China province Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.
Oolong tea leaves are processed in two different ways. Some teas are rolled into long curly leaves, while some are pressed into a ball-like form similar to gunpowder tea. Gunpowder tea ( 珠[[wiktionary 茶|茶]] Pinyin: zhū chá is a form of green Chinese tea produced in Zhejiang Province of China [1] The former method of processing is the older of the two.
Contents |
Etymology
The name oolong tea comes into the English language from the Chinese name (烏龍茶), which is pronounced as O·-liông tê in the Min Nan spoken variant. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Southern Min language or Min Nan ( POJ: Bân-lâm-gú or "Southern Fujian" language refers to a family of Chinese languages Dialects Spoken Chinese ( comprises many regional variants the largest of which are Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, and Min. The Chinese name means "black dragon tea". There are three widely accepted explanations on how this Chinese name came about. [3]
According to the "tribute tea" theory, oolong tea was a direct descendant of Dragon-Phoenix Tea Cake tribute tea. Oolong tea replaced it when loose tea came into fashion. Since it was dark, long and curly, it was called the Black Dragon tea.
According to the "Wuyi" theory, oolong tea first existed in Wuyi Mountain. The Wuyi Mountains ( POJ: Bu-i Soaⁿ are a mountain range located at the prefecture Nanping, at the northern border of Fujian (Hok-kian Province This is evidenced by Qing dynasty poems such as Wuyi Tea Song (Wuyi Chage) and Tea Tale (Chashuo). It was said that oolong tea was named after the part of Wuyi mountain it was originally produced.
According to the "Anxi" theory, oolong tea had its origin in the Anxi oolong tea plant. A man named Sulong, Wulong or Wuliang discovered it.
Another tale tells of a man named Wu Liang (later corrupted to Wu Long, or Oolong) who discovered oolong tea by accident when he was distracted by a deer after a hard day's tea-picking, and by the time he remembered about the tea it had already started to oxidize. [4]
Processing of Oolong
Oolong tea undergoes a few delicate processes in order to produce the unique aroma and taste. Typical Oolong tea is processed according to the following steps:[5]
- Wilting (萎凋; wěidiāo): Sun dry or air dry to remove moisture partly.
- Cooling: Cool off in shaded area.
- Yaoqing (摇青; yáoqīng): Gently tossing leaves to bruise the edge of leaves to create more contacting surface for oxidation.
- Cooling and Yaoqing are repeated multiple times.
- Shaqing (杀青; shāqīng): The procedure is to stop oxidation with high heat. Premium leaves are usually stir fried in a large pan over high heat, large productions are done by machine.
- Rouqing (揉青; róuqīng): The tea leaves are rolled into strands or nuggets before dehydration.
- Roasting: Roasting with low heat to dehydrate tea leaves, this step can be repeated with temperature variations to produce flavors of choice.
- Grading
- Packaging
Classification and grade
Tea connoisseurs classify the tea by its aroma (often floral or fruity), taste and aftertaste (often melony). Oolongs comes in either roasted (炭焙) or light (密香 or 清香). [6][7] While most oolongs can be consumed immediately postproduction, like pu-erh tea, many oolong can benefit from long aging with regular light roasting with a low charcoal fire (烘培, pinyin:hōngpeì, literally: bake cultivation or 焙火, pinyin:peìhǔo, dry roasting by fire). Pu-erh, Pu'er tea, Puer tea or Bolay tea is a type of Tea made from a " large leaf " variety of the tea plant Camellia Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation [5] Before roasting, Oolong tea leaves are rolled and bruised to break open cell walls and stimulate enzymatic activity. The process of roasting removes unwanted odours from the tea and reduces any sour or astringent tastes; in addition, the process is believed to make the oolong tea more gentle on the stomach. [7]
Varieties of Oolong Tea
Wǔyí cliff tea (武夷岩茶) from Fújiàn province
The most famous and expensive Oolong teas are made here but the production is still usually accredited as organic. Huang Guan Yin is a Wuyi Oolong with a creamy taste It can be either tightly rolled like Anxi Oolongs or in strips like conventional Wuyi Qi Lan ( 奇[[wikt 兰|兰]] pinyin qílán is a very mild Wuyi Oolong tea, it has an obvious sweet and A lot of Shuǐ Xiān is grown elsewhere in Fujian. Shui Hsien is an Oolong tea from Mount Wuyi, it has a heavy honey fragrance This article is about the People's Republic of China province Some of the better known yán chá are:
- Dà Hóng Páo (大红袍)
- Big Red Robe in Chinese, a highly prized tea and a Si Da Ming Cong (四大名樅, literally: The Four Great Bushes). Dà Hóng Páo ( 大[[wiktionary 红|红]] 袍) is a very important Wuyi Oolong tea Si Da Ming Cong refers to four famous Wuyi Oolong Tea bushes namely Da Hong Pao Shui Jin Gui This tea is also one of the two Oolongs that make it to the list of Chinese famous teas. China's Famous Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 名[[wiktionary 茶|茶]] or The Ten Great Chinese Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 十[[wiktionary
- Shuǐ Jīn Guī (水金亀)
- Golden Water Turtle in Chinese, a Si Da Ming Cong. Shui Jin Gui is a very characteristic Wuyi Oolong tea, whose name literally means Golden Marine Turtle. Si Da Ming Cong refers to four famous Wuyi Oolong Tea bushes namely Da Hong Pao Shui Jin Gui
- Tiě Luó Hàn (鉄羅漢)
- Iron Arhat in Chinese, a Si Da Ming Cong. Tieluohan is a Si Da Ming Cong and a light Wuyi tea Tie Luo Han all but unknown abroad is the cultivar responsible for one of the four most famous yan cha the great "rock In the sramanic traditions of ancient India (most notably those of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha) arhat ( Sanskrit) or arahant Si Da Ming Cong refers to four famous Wuyi Oolong Tea bushes namely Da Hong Pao Shui Jin Gui
- Bái Jī Guān (白鸡冠)
- White Cockscomb in Chinese, a Si Da Ming Cong. Bai Ji Guan is a Si Da Ming Cong and a very light Wuyi tea It is named after a Rooster who gave up its life whilst protecting a child Si Da Ming Cong refers to four famous Wuyi Oolong Tea bushes namely Da Hong Pao Shui Jin Gui A light tea with light, yellowish leaves.
- Ròu Guì (肉桂)
- Cinnamon in Chinese, a dark tea with a spicy aroma. A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive
- Shuǐ Xiān (水仙)
- Water Sprite in Chinese, a very dark tea, often grown elsewhre. Shui Hsien is an Oolong tea from Mount Wuyi, it has a heavy honey fragrance
Fújiàn province
- Tiě Guān Yīn or Ti Kuan Yin (鐵觀音)
- Iron Guanyin in Chinese, this is a tea from Anxi in South Fujian. Tie Guan Yin ( Min Nan POJ: Thih-koan-im Cantonese Jyutping: tit3 gwun1 yam1 literally meaning Iron Guanyin Guanyin (觀音 pinyin guānyīn, Wade-Giles kuan-yin) is the Bodhisattva of compassion as venerated by East Asian Buddhists Anxi County ( Chinese: 安溪县 Pinyin: Ānxī Xiàn POJ: An-khoe Fujian Province China, is a county level city in the Quanzhou South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. This article is about the People's Republic of China province It is very famous, in fact a 'Chinese famous tea' and very popular. China's Famous Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 名[[wiktionary 茶|茶]] or The Ten Great Chinese Teas ( 中[[wiktionary 国|国]] 十[[wiktionary
Guangdong province
- Dān Cōng (单丛)
- A family of stripe-style oolong teas from Guangdong Province. The doppelganger of teas, Dancong teas are noted for their ability to naturally imitate the flavors and fragrances of various flowers and fruits, such as orange blossom, orchid, grapefruit, almond, ginger flower, etc.
As the name implies, Dancong ("single bush") teas are clonal or single-bush productions.
Taiwan
Tea cultivation only began in Taiwan in the mid 19th century. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Since then, many of the teas which are grown in Fujian province have also been grown in Taiwan[6]. Since the 1970s the tea industry in Taiwan has grown at a rapid rate, in line with the rest of Taiwan's economy. Due to high domestic demand and a strong tea culture, the majority of Taiwanese tea is bought and consumed by the Taiwanese.
As the weather in Taiwan is highly variable, quality of tea may differ from season to season. Although the island is not particularly large, it is geographically varied, with high, steep mountains rising quickly from low-lying coastal plains. The different weather patterns, temperatures, altitudes and soil ultimately result in differences in appearance, aroma and flavour of the tea grown in Taiwan. In some mountainous areas, teas have been cultivated at ever higher elevations to produce a unique sweet taste that fetches a premium price. [6]
- Dòng Dǐng (凍頂)
- The name means Frozen Summit or Ice Peak. Dong Ding is an Oolong tea from Taiwan, which comes from some Tea plants that were taken from the Wuyi Mountains in China's Dong Ding is a mountain in Nantou County, Central Taiwan. Nantou County ( is the second largest county of Taiwan. It is also the only county which does not share a border with the ocean Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. This is a tightly rolled tea with a light, distinctive fragrance.
- Dong Fang Mei Ren (東方美人茶)
- The name means Oriental (Eastern) Beauty. Dong Fang Mei Ren tea ( also known as Oriental Beauty or Bai Hao Oolong tea, is an Oolong tea produced in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Also known as Bai Hao Oolong. This tea is tippy (the leaves frequently have white or golden tips), with natural fruity aromas, a bright red appearance and a sweet taste.
- Alishan (阿里山茶)
- Grown in the Alishan area of Chiayi County, this tea has large rolled leaves that have a purple-green appearance when dry. The Alishan National Scenic Area ( is a mountain resort and natural preserve located in the mountains of Chiayi County in Taiwan. The Alishan National Scenic Area ( is a mountain resort and natural preserve located in the mountains of Chiayi County in Taiwan. Chiayi County ( POJ: Ka-gī-kōan is a county in southwestern Taiwan surrounding but not including Chiayi City. It is grown at an elevation of 1000 to 1400 metres. There is only a short period during the growing season when the sun is strong, which results in a sweeter and less astringent brew. It produces a golden yellow tea which has a unique fruity aroma. [8]
- Pouchong (包種茶)
- Also romanized as Baozhong, the lightest and most floral Oolong, with unrolled leaves of a light green to brown color. Pouchong ( is a very lightly oxidized Tea somewhere between green tea and what is usually considered oolong tea, though often classified with the latter Originally grown in Fujian it is now widely cultivated and produced in Pinglin Township near Taipei, Taiwan. This article is about the People's Republic of China province Pinglin (坪林鄉 is a rural township in south-eastern Taipei County, Taiwan. Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.
Other oolong teas
- Darjeeling Oolong: Darjeeling tea made according to Chinese methods. Darjeeling Oolong is basically imitated from Formosa Oolong. The first experiment was made by Sumon Majumder of the HMP Group along with one of his tea friends Karel Darjeeling ( Nepali:) is a town in the Indian state of West Bengal.
- Vietnamese Oolong
Brewing
Generally, 2. 25 grams of tea per 6 ounces of water, or about two teaspoons of oolong tea per cup, should be used. Oolong teas should be prepared with 180°F to 190°F (82°C-87°C) water (not boiling) and steeped 3-4 minutes. [9]
See also
References
| Black tea | Blended and flavored teas | Green tea | Masala chai | Oolong tea | Post-fermented tea | White tea | Yellow tea | |
| Ceremonies and methods | Related to tea |
| China | India | Japan | Korea | Morocco | Turkey | Tea house | Teapot | Tea and health |
- ^ a b Seven Cups, "All About Oolong Tea at Seven Cups". Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of Tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China A gongfu tea ceremony or kung fu tea ceremony ( Chinese: 工[[wikt 夫|夫]] 茶 or 功夫茶 POJ: Kang Hu Te is a type of Pouchong ( is a very lightly oxidized Tea somewhere between green tea and what is usually considered oolong tea, though often classified with the latter Chiuchow cuisine, Teochew cuisine or Chaozhou cuisine or Chaoshan cuisine ( originates from Chaoshan, a region of China in the Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Black tea is a variety of Tea that is more oxidized than the Oolong, green, and white varieties Tea blending describes the process of blending different teas together to produce a final product Green tea is a type of Tea made solely with the leaves of Camellia sinensis, that has undergone minimal Oxidation during processing Oolong ( → wūlóng) is a traditional Chinese Tea somewhere between green and black in oxidation Post-fermented teas are a class of Teas that have undergone a period of "aging" in open air from several months to many years White tea is the uncured and unfermented tea leaf Like green, oolong and Black tea, white tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant Yellow tea ( Chinese: 黃[[wikt 茶|茶]] pinyin huángchá usually implies a special tea processed similarly to Green tea, but with a slower drying phase Tea culture is defined by the way Tea is made and consumed by the way the people interact with tea and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of Tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China The Japanese tea ceremony is called chanoyu (茶の湯 lit "tea hot-water" or also chadō or sadō (ja For the information regarding various types of Korean tea see Korean tea The Korean tea ceremony or darye is a traditional Moroccan tea culture (اتاي - Ataí) is defined by the way Tea (exclusively Green tea) is prepared and consumed in Morocco, where it is widely Turkish tea ( çay) is a type of Tea that is drunk by most people living in the Turkic speaking world the Arabic-speaking world, and the Horn of Africa A tea house or tearoom is a venue centered on drinking Tea. Their function varies widely depending on the culture and some cultures have a variety of distinct A teapot is a vessel used for steeping Tea leaves or an herbal mix in near-boiling Water. This article only deals with the effects of tea which is made from the plant Camellia sinensis (i , www. sevencups. com
- ^ The Best Tea House Co. Ltd. (2005). 茶葉分類與製作. Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ Amazing-green-tea, "Oolong Tea - The Complete Guide". , amazing-green-tea. com
- ^ Fergus Ray-Murray, "Oolong (Wu Long) Tea". , oolong. co. uk
- ^ a b 有記名茶, "烏龍茶初製方法". , www. wangtea. com. tw
- ^ a b c Guang Chung Lee (2006). "The Varieties of Formosa Oolong". Art of Tea. Retrieved on 2006-12-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian , Issue 1 www. the-art-of-tea. com
- ^ a b 陳國義, "烏龍專區". , www. besttea. com
- ^ The Tea Cup, "Oolong Tea". , theteacup. co. uk
- ^ Upton Tea Imports, "A Brief Guide to Tea".
External links
- Official site of Oolong tea -(from the Fujian Government)
- High Mountain Oolong and the Chinese Art of Tea -(Article by Daniel Reid)
- Photos of oolong tea plantations in former KMT base of Doi Mae Salong, Chiang Rai province, Thailand
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