| Only Fools and Horses | |
|---|---|
 The title screen of Only Fools and Horses | |
| Format | Sitcom |
| Created by | John Sullivan |
| Starring | David Jason Nicholas Lyndhurst Lennard Pearce Buster Merryfield Roger Lloyd-Pack John Challis Paul Barber Tessa Peake-Jones Gwyneth Strong Patrick Murray Sue Holderness |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| No. John Sullivan OBE (born 23 December 1946 in Balham London, England) is the writer of several British sitcoms including the immensely popular Sir David John White OBE, known by his Stage name David Jason (born 2 February 1940 is an English Actor, known Nicholas Lyndhurst (born 20 April 1961 is an English Actor best known for his roles as Rodney Trotter in Only Fools and Horses and Lennard Pearce (born 9 February 1915 in London - died 15 December 1984 in London) was an English actor who mostly worked in theatre Harry 'Buster' Merryfield (27 November 1920 - 23 June 1999 was an English Actor who became a national institution after joining the hit BBC Comedy Roger Lloyd Pack (born 8 February 1944 is an English actor. Career Lloyd Pack attended Bedales School in Hampshire, where John Challis (born 16 August 1942 is an English Actor and Comedian. Paul Barber (born Patrick Barber, 1952 is an actor from Liverpool. Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957 in Hammersmith, London) is an English Actress. Gwyneth Strong (born 2 December 1959 in London) is an English actress Patrick Murray (born 17 December 1956 in Greenwich, London) is an English screen actor notable for his role as Mickey Pearce in the Situation comedy Sue Holderness (born 28 May 1949 Hampstead) is an English Actress. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located of series | 7 |
| No. of episodes | 64 |
| Production | |
| Producer(s) | Ray Butt, Gareth Gwenlan |
| Running time | 30–95 minutes |
| Broadcast | |
| Original channel | BBC One |
| Picture format | 4:3 (1981–1996) 16:9 (2001–2003) |
| Original run | 8 September 1981 – 25 December 2003 |
| External links | |
| IMDb profile | |
Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom, created and written by John Sullivan, and made and broadcast by the BBC. The following is an episode list for the BBC television Situation comedy Only Fools and Horses. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic John Sullivan OBE (born 23 December 1946 in Balham London, England) is the writer of several British sitcoms including the immensely popular Seven series were originally broadcast in the UK between 1981 and 1991, with sporadic Christmas specials until 2003. After a relatively slow start the show went on to achieve consistently high ratings, and the 1996 episode "Time On Our Hands" holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode. Time On Our Hands is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. The following is a list of most-watched television broadcasts, organized by country and based on various criteria [1]
Set in the Inner London district of Peckham, it starred David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek "Del Boy" Trotter, Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney, and Lennard Pearce as their ageing grandfather (later replaced by Buster Merryfield as their Uncle Albert). Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. This article is about the South London town For the villages in Kent see East Peckham and West Peckham. Sir David John White OBE, known by his Stage name David Jason (born 2 February 1940 is an English Actor, known } Derek Edward Trotter (born July 12, 1948 in Deptford) more commonly known as "Del Boy", is the fictional lead character in the popular Nicholas Lyndhurst (born 20 April 1961 is an English Actor best known for his roles as Rodney Trotter in Only Fools and Horses and } Rodney Charlton Trotter (born 26 February 1960 in Peckham, London) is a Fictional character in the BBC Sitcom Lennard Pearce (born 9 February 1915 in London - died 15 December 1984 in London) was an English actor who mostly worked in theatre } Edward Kitchener Trotter (b July 9 1909 in Peckham Rye, London - d Harry 'Buster' Merryfield (27 November 1920 - 23 June 1999 was an English Actor who became a national institution after joining the hit BBC Comedy "Uncle Albert" was also a term used to describe Coronation Street character Albert Tatlock. Backed by a strong supporting cast, it chronicled their highs and lows in life, particularly their attempts to get rich.
Critically and popularly acclaimed, the series received numerous awards, including recognition from the British Academy, the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society, as well as helping both Sullivan and Jason win individual accolades. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The National Television Awards is a British Television awards ceremony sponsored by the ITV network and initiated in 1995. The Royal Television Society (commonly known in the television industry as the RTS) is a British -based society for the discussion analysis and preservation of [2] It was voted Britain's Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC poll. Britain's Best Sitcom was a poll conducted in 2004 by the BBC to identify the United Kingdom 's best Situation comedy. [3]
It also had an impact on British culture, contributing several words to the English language and helping to popularise the Reliant Regal van. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Reliant Regal was a small three-wheeled car manufactured by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England. It spawned an extensive range of merchandise, including books, DVDs, toys and board games. [4] A spin-off series, The Green Green Grass, has run for three series on BBC One in the UK. The Green Green Grass is a British sitcom created and initially written by John Sullivan, and a spin-off of Only Fools and Horses
Contents |
Scenario
Derek "Del Boy" Trotter (played by David Jason), a fast-talking, archetypal cockney market trader, lives in a council flat in a high-rise tower block, Nelson Mandela House, in Peckham, South London - though it was actually filmed in Harlech Tower in Acton and later Bristol - with his much younger brother, Rodney (Nicholas Lyndhurst), and their elderly Grandad (Lennard Pearce). } Derek Edward Trotter (born July 12, 1948 in Deptford) more commonly known as "Del Boy", is the fictional lead character in the popular Sir David John White OBE, known by his Stage name David Jason (born 2 February 1940 is an English Actor, known The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations The council house is a form of public or social housing in the United Kingdom. This article is about the South London town For the villages in Kent see East Peckham and West Peckham. South London is the southern part of London, England. The area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes Acton is a place in west London, England situated west of Charing Cross. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London } Rodney Charlton Trotter (born 26 February 1960 in Peckham, London) is a Fictional character in the BBC Sitcom Nicholas Lyndhurst (born 20 April 1961 is an English Actor best known for his roles as Rodney Trotter in Only Fools and Horses and } Edward Kitchener Trotter (b July 9 1909 in Peckham Rye, London - d Lennard Pearce (born 9 February 1915 in London - died 15 December 1984 in London) was an English actor who mostly worked in theatre Their mother Joan died when Rodney was young, and their father Reg absconded shortly after his wife's death, effectively making Del Rodney's surrogate father and the family patriarch. Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a Pater familias over an extended family Despite the difference in their ages, the brothers share a constant bond throughout.
The situation focuses primarily on their futile attempts to get rich - "This time next year, we'll be millionaires" is a frequent saying of Del's - through buying and selling a variety of low-quality and illegal goods, such as Russian Army camcorders, luminous yellow paint and sex dolls filled with an explosive gas. The Russian Ground Forces (Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации tr A sex doll (also love doll) is a type of Sex toy in the size and shape of a sexual partner for aid in Masturbation. They own an unregistered company, Trotters Independent Traders, trade primarily on the black market and generally neither pay taxes nor claim money from the state; as Del says "the government don't give us nothing, so we don't give the government nothing". Most of their deals are too dodgy to succeed and usually end up backfiring, an important factor in generating sympathy for the characters. They also drive a grubby three-wheeled van, and are regulars at their local pub, The Nag's Head.
Initially, Del Boy, Rodney and Grandad were the show's only regulars, but gradually the likes of dopey roadsweeper Trigger (Roger Lloyd Pack), snobbish used car salesman Boycie (John Challis) and his wife, Marlene (Sue Holderness), Nag's Head landlord Mike (Kenneth MacDonald), youthful spiv Mickey Pearce (Patrick Murray) and lorry driver Denzil (Paul Barber) were added to the cast, becoming popular in their own right and contributing to the humour and the plots, although the show always centred around the Trotters. Colin Ball (born 22 April 1948 in an abandoned burnt out Vauxhall in Mitcham, London (then Surrey) better known as Roger Lloyd Pack (born 8 February 1944 is an English actor. Career Lloyd Pack attended Bedales School in Hampshire, where Terrence Aubrey Boyce (b 31 January 1948, Woolwich, London) or Boycie, as he is more commonly known is a character in the popular John Challis (born 16 August 1942 is an English Actor and Comedian. Sue Holderness (born 28 May 1949 Hampstead) is an English Actress. Kenneth MacDonald ( 20 November 1950 - 5 August 2001) was an English Actor who was best known for the parts of Gunner Spiv is a British word for a particular kind of petty criminal who deals in stolen goods or fraudulent sales especially a well-dressed man offering goods at bargain prices Patrick Murray (born 17 December 1956 in Greenwich, London) is an English screen actor notable for his role as Mickey Pearce in the Situation comedy Denzil Tulser, born in Liverpool,England on the 8 August, 1948, is a character in the popular BBC Sitcom Only Fools Paul Barber (born Patrick Barber, 1952 is an actor from Liverpool.
As the series progressed, the scope of the plots expanded, leading to the larger regular cast, with writer John Sullivan unafraid to mix comedy with drama. Many early episodes were largely self-contained, with few plot-lines mentioned again, but the show developed a story arc and an ongoing episodic dimension. A story arc is an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as Television, Comic books Comic strips The character of Grandad was killed off following the death of Lennard Pearce, and the brothers' long-lost Uncle Albert (Buster Merryfield) emerged to restore the three generations line-up. "Uncle Albert" was also a term used to describe Coronation Street character Albert Tatlock. Harry 'Buster' Merryfield (27 November 1920 - 23 June 1999 was an English Actor who became a national institution after joining the hit BBC Comedy After years of fruitless searching, both Del and Rodney found long-term love, in the form of Raquel (Tessa Peake-Jones) and Cassandra (Gwyneth Strong) respectively; Del also had a son with Raquel, Damien (played by five actors, most recently Ben Smith). Rachel "Raquel" Trotter (formerly Slater) (born 4 June 1957 in Hammersmith, London) is a Fictional character Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957 in Hammersmith, London) is an English Actress. Cassandra Louise Trotter (née Parry (born 16 June 1966 in Blackheath, London) is a Fictional character from the BBC Gwyneth Strong (born 2 December 1959 in London) is an English actress Damien Derek Trotter (born February 3, 1991) was a fictional character in the BBC series Only Fools and Horses. Rodney and Cassandra married, separated and then got back together again. Uncle Albert died. Cassandra miscarried, but then she and Rodney eventually had a baby. Rodney found out who his real father was. The Trotters finally became millionaires, before losing it again, and then gaining some of it back.
The humour comes from several sources. The interaction between Del and Rodney is key, with each an ideal comic foil for the other in both personality and appearance. A double act, also known as a Comedy duo, is a comic device in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners usually of the same Much is made of the traits of individual characters, such as Del's lack of cultural refinement, despite his pretensions, best seen in his misuse of French phrases or his claims to be a yuppy; Rodney's gormless nature, resulting in him being labelled a "plonker" or a "dipstick" by Del; the general daftness of Grandad and Trigger, the sheer stupidity of Trigger, and the rampant snobbery of Boycie. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The term yuppie (short for " young urban professional There are also several running gags, including Trigger's constant reference to Rodney as "Dave", Uncle Albert's "during the war. The running gag is an often amusing Joke or reference that appears repeatedly throughout a work or series of works . . " anecdotes, Del's supposed long-time affair with Marlene and the dilapidated Reliant Regal van. The Reliant Regal was a small three-wheeled car manufactured by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England.
History
In 1980, John Sullivan, a scriptwriter under contract at the BBC, had already written the successful sit-com Citizen Smith. John Sullivan OBE (born 23 December 1946 in Balham London, England) is the writer of several British sitcoms including the immensely popular Citizen Smith was a British television sitcom The show was written by John Sullivan, who went on later to write Only Fools and Horses. It had come to an end and he was searching for a new project. An initial idea for a comedy set in the world of football had already been rejected by the BBC, as had his alternative idea, a sit-com centring around a cockney market trader in working-class, modern-day London. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The latter idea persisted. [5] Through Ray Butt, a BBC producer and director whom Sullivan had met and become friends with when they were working on Citizen Smith, a draft script was shown to the Corporation's Head of Comedy, John Howard Davies. John Howard Davies (born London 9 March, 1939) is a British Film Actor, Television director and producer Davies commissioned Sullivan to write a full series. Sullivan believes the key factor in it being accepted was the success of ITV's new drama, Minder, a series with a similar premise and also set in modern-day London. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent Minder was a British Comedy-drama about the London criminal underworld. [6]
Sullivan had initially given the show the working title, Readies. For the actual title he intended to use, as a reference to the protagonist's tax and work-evading lifestyle, Only Fools and Horses. The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. That name was based on a genuine, though very obscure saying, "why do only fools and horses work? (for a living)", which had its origins in 19th century American vaudeville. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s [7] Only Fools and Horses had also been the title of an episode of Citizen Smith and Sullivan felt that a longer name would help to grab the viewers' attention. He was first overruled on the grounds that the audience would not understand the title, but he eventually got his way and, from the second series onwards, the theme music was changed to a version explaining the meaning of the saying; some first series episodes were subsequently re-edited to use the new theme.
Filming of the first series began in May 1981, and the first episode, "Big Brother", was transmitted on BBC1 at 8. Big Brother is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. 30 pm on 8 September that year. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz It attracted a respectable, though unspectacular (by those days' standards) 9. 2 million viewers[8] and generally received a lukewarm response from critics. [9] The viewing figures for the whole first series, which averaged at around 7 million, were considered mediocre[10] but owing to the BBC's policy of nurturing television shows, a second series was commissioned for 1982. The second series fared little better and the show was close to being cancelled altogether. However, both the first and second series then went out for a repeat run in a more low-key time slot but attracted respectable viewing figures in June 1983, which convinced Davies to commission a third series. [11] From there, the show gradually built up a following, and began to top the television ratings. Series four saw viewing figures double those of the first series. [12]
Mid-way through the filming of the fifth series, David Jason told John Sullivan at a dinner that he wanted to leave the show in order to further his career elsewhere. Sullivan thus wrote "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire", which was intended to be the final episode and would see Del accepting a friend's offer to set up business in Australia, leaving Rodney and Albert behind. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Plans were made for a spin-off entitled Hot-Rod, following Rodney's attempts to survive on his own with help from Mickey Pearce, but leaving open the prospect of Del's return. Jason ultimately changed his mind, and the ending of the episode was changed to show Del rejecting the offer. [13]
Sullivan had a tendency to write scripts that were too long, meaning pages of material had to be cut. Shortly before filming of the sixth series began, he requested that the show's time slot be extended and it was agreed to extend its running time to 50 minutes. This coincided with the show becoming one of the BBC's most popular programmes, according to producer Gareth Gwenlan,[14] and allowed for more pathos in the series and an expansion of the regular cast. Pathos (ˈpeɪːθɒs ( πάθος) is one of the three Modes of persuasion in Rhetoric (along with Ethos and Logos)
The seventh series, which was to be the last, was aired in early 1991. Sullivan and the major actors were all involved with other projects, and it was confirmed that there were no plans for a new series. The show continued in Christmas specials in 1991, 1992 and 1993, followed by a three year break. Christmas themes have long been an inspiration to artists writers and weavers of folklore Sullivan wanted a "final" episode to tie up the show and see the Trotters finally become millionaires; this was later extended to three one hour episodes, all to be broadcast over Christmas 1996. All three were well received, and given the happy ending it was widely assumed that they were to be the last. A happy ending is an ending of the plot of a work of Fiction in which almost everything turns out for the best for the Hero or Heroine [15] After a five year break, however, the show returned again in 2001 with another Christmas special, followed by two more in 2002 and 2003. There are currently no further plans for Only Fools and Horses to return,[16] though a fan fiction community continues to exist. Fan fiction (alternately referred to as fanfiction, fanfic, FF or fic) is a broadly defined term for Fiction about characters or settings [17] On 10 February 2008, Sullivan said in an interview with the Daily Star Sunday that "there will not be another series of Only Fools And Horses. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common I can say that. We had our day, it was wonderful but it is best to leave it now. "[18]
Regular characters
- For more details, see the individual character articles and List of Only Fools and Horses characters
Del Boy (David Jason) — A stereotypical market trader, Del would sell anything to anyone to earn money, and was the driving force behind the Trotters' attempts to become rich. } Derek Edward Trotter (born July 12, 1948 in Deptford) more commonly known as "Del Boy", is the fictional lead character in the popular Sir David John White OBE, known by his Stage name David Jason (born 2 February 1940 is an English Actor, known Sharp-witted, image-conscious and self-confident, but lacking in the required nous to realise his high ambitions, he was invariably a failure. Del's cultural pretensions, best seen in his use of inaccurate French phrases, were equally wanting. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people He nonetheless had endearing features, especially his "lovable loser" qualities and his devotion and loyalty to his family, which saw him take care of Rodney and Grandad on his own from the age of 16. However, this gave him a tendency to emotionally blackmail Rodney with the memories of their mother, often trying to manipulate him with the line "Mum said to me on her death bed. . . . . " He also tried to interfere with his brother's personal life, much to the latter's annoyance. Ostensibly popular with women - his poor choice in women was another running gag - Del never settled down with one until he met Raquel, with whom he had a son, Damien.
Sullivan later said he had always been fascinated by the unlicensed traders who sold goods from suitcases, and it was them on which he based Del Boy. David Jason himself added elements of a similar man he had known when working as an electrician to the part, including Del's cheap gold jewellery and his camel-hair coat. [10] Jason was a relatively late candidate for the part, with Jim Broadbent (who would later appear in a minor recurring role as DCI Roy Slater), Enn Reitel and Billy Murray all earlier preferences. James "Jim" Broadbent (born 24 May 1949 is an English Academy Award -winning theatre film and television Actor. DCI Roy Slater (born May 15, 1948 in Fulham) is a recurring villain character in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses. Enn Reitel (born 21 June 1950) is a Scottish Actor and Impressionist who specialises in voice work. For the American actor see Bill Murray. Billy Murray (born October 1941 is an English Actor. It was only when producer Ray Butt saw a repeat of Open All Hours that Jason was considered and, despite initial concerns over his ability - at that point, Jason had not had a leading television role - and the fact that he and Lyndhurst did not look alike, he was cast. Open All Hours was a BBC Sitcom written by Roy Clarke which ran for four series (26 episodes in all between 1976 and 1985 with a pilot [19]
Rodney (Nicholas Lyndhurst) — The ideal comic foil for Del Boy in numerous ways: naive, much younger and easily-influenced, more academically gifted, although only to the extent of two GCEs, but generally gormless and lacking in common sense. } Rodney Charlton Trotter (born 26 February 1960 in Peckham, London) is a Fictional character in the BBC Sitcom Nicholas Lyndhurst (born 20 April 1961 is an English Actor best known for his roles as Rodney Trotter in Only Fools and Horses and The Certificate of Secondary Education ( CSE) is the name of a school leaving qualification which was awarded in the period from 1965 to 1987 in England Wales and Northern Ireland Effectively orphaned when young, Rodney was raised by Del. His principal job throughout the show was as Del's lackey and sidekick, whose duties included looking out for policemen at the market and cleaning the van. Much of the conflict between the two came from Rodney's dislike of his reliance on Del, and his unsuccessful attempts to gain greater independence through girlfriends or by setting up his own businesses; he was only partially successful after marrying Cassandra and briefly going to work for her father. In contrast to Del Boy, the part of Rodney was cast early, with Lyndhurst settled on quickly. Sullivan partly based Rodney on his own experiences; he, too, had a much older sibling and, like Rodney, claims to have been a dreamer and an idealist in his youth. [20]
Grandad (Lennard Pearce) — Del and Rodney's elderly grandad was added to the cast to balance the three distinct generations, adding the voice of experience to the situation. } Edward Kitchener Trotter (b July 9 1909 in Peckham Rye, London - d Lennard Pearce (born 9 February 1915 in London - died 15 December 1984 in London) was an English actor who mostly worked in theatre Scruffy and daft, although sometimes displaying a razor sharp wit, Grandad rarely left the flat or was seen without his trilby hat and frequently managed to ruin the dinners he prepared. Pearce died in 1984 while filming the fourth series, so Sullivan wrote a new episode, "Strained Relations", which featured Grandad's funeral. Strained Relations is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses.
Uncle Albert (Buster Merryfield) — Shortly after the death of Lennard Pearce it was decided that a new older family member should be brought in, which eventually led to "Uncle Albert", Grandad's long-lost brother. "Uncle Albert" was also a term used to describe Coronation Street character Albert Tatlock. Harry 'Buster' Merryfield (27 November 1920 - 23 June 1999 was an English Actor who became a national institution after joining the hit BBC Comedy Merryfield was an inexperienced amateur actor at the time, but was selected because he appeared to fit the description of an old sailor, especially with his distinctive white "Captain Birdseye" beard. Captain Birdseye is the advertising Mascot for the Birds Eye frozen food brand founded by Clarence Birdseye. [21] Albert first appeared at Grandad's funeral, and eventually moved in with Del and Rodney. His long-winded anecdotes about his wartime experiences with the Royal Navy became one of the show's running gags, resulting in gentle mocking from his great-nephews. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) When Merryfield died in 1999, Albert's death was written into the next episode.
Trigger (Roger Lloyd Pack) — Trigger, apparently so called because he looks like a horse, was the principal supporting character throughout the show's run; only Del Boy and Rodney appeared in more episodes. Colin Ball (born 22 April 1948 in an abandoned burnt out Vauxhall in Mitcham, London (then Surrey) better known as Roger Lloyd Pack (born 8 February 1944 is an English actor. Career Lloyd Pack attended Bedales School in Hampshire, where Trigger ( 1932 – 3 July 1965) was a 153 hands (63 in; 160 m) golden Palomino, made famous in American Lloyd Pack was cast by pure chance; Ray Butt, who hired him to portray Trigger after seeing him in a stage play, had only attended that play to observe potential Del Boy actor Billy Murray. [22] Initially portrayed as a small-time thief, supplying Del with dubious goods, Trigger's place in the series changed over time. A daft road sweeper most frequently seen in the Nag's Head, he came to adopt the 'village idiot' role, drawing laughs in each of his scenes through his general stupidity, in particular his unshakable belief that Rodney's real name was actually Dave.
Boycie (John Challis) — A shady used car salesman and a frightful snob with a machine gun laugh who "thinks anyone with a pound less than him is a peasant", according to Rodney in "Fatal Extraction". Terrence Aubrey Boyce (b 31 January 1948, Woolwich, London) or Boycie, as he is more commonly known is a character in the popular John Challis (born 16 August 1942 is an English Actor and Comedian. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency " Fatal Extraction " is the twelfth Christmas special episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened Boycie made sporadic appearances in earlier series before becoming a regular cast member from series 5 onwards. Boycie, a Freemason, was very self-centred and prone to boasting about his high social status and mocking those less fortunate than himself, particularly Del Boy, though he did mellow as the series progressed. Del in turn teased him for being a "jaffa" (seedless) when it emerged that he had a low sperm count. Challis had played a similar character in an episode of Citizen Smith. Citizen Smith was a British television sitcom The show was written by John Sullivan, who went on later to write Only Fools and Horses. Sullivan liked him, and promised to put him a future series, which led to Boycie. [23] Boycie later featured in a spin-off series, The Green Green Grass, starting in 2005, in which he and his wife Marlene fled to the countryside from a criminal gang. The Green Green Grass is a British sitcom created and initially written by John Sullivan, and a spin-off of Only Fools and Horses
Raquel (Tessa Peake-Jones) — Raquel was introduced because Sullivan wanted more female characters and for Del to start meeting more mature women. Rachel "Raquel" Trotter (formerly Slater) (born 4 June 1957 in Hammersmith, London) is a Fictional character Tessa Peake-Jones (born 9 May 1957 in Hammersmith, London) is an English Actress. [24] Her first appearance, in "Dates", was intended to be a one-off, but she was written in again a year later and thereafter became a regular. Dates is the seventh Christmas special episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December An ambitious trained singer and actress whose career never took off, she met Del through a dating agency, but they fell out over her part-time job as a stripper, before getting together again. A dating agency is a Business which acts as a service for Matchmaking between potential couples with a view toward romance and/or marriage between them A striptease or Exotic dance is a form of erotic entertainment usually a Dance, in which the performer known as a "stripper" gradually undresses This time she moved in with Del, helping to mellow him, and they had a son together, named Damien. As the character unfolded, it was revealed that she was previously married to Del's nemesis, DCI Roy Slater. DCI Roy Slater (born May 15, 1948 in Fulham) is a recurring villain character in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses.
Cassandra (Gwyneth Strong) — The intelligent daughter of a successful middle-class businessman, Cassandra first met Rodney in "Yuppy Love". Cassandra Louise Trotter (née Parry (born 16 June 1966 in Blackheath, London) is a Fictional character from the BBC Gwyneth Strong (born 2 December 1959 in London) is an English actress Yuppy Love is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Their relationship blossomed, and by the end of series six the two had married. But her high career ambitions brought her into conflict with Rodney, and their troubled marriage was one of the main storylines of the seventh series. They were eventually reconciled and in later episodes she was markedly less ambitious. The relationship with Rodney ultimately grew stronger after Cassandra suffered a miscarriage and later gave birth to a daughter.
Marlene (Sue Holderness) — Marlene was initially just an unseen character, occasionally mentioned by her husband, Boycie. Sue Holderness (born 28 May 1949 Hampstead) is an English Actress. Unseen characters are never directly observed by the audience but are only described by other characters She was a cheerful, slightly daffy woman whose burning, and seemingly unattainable, desire to have a child provided one of the show's earlier "soap opera" sub-plots. Details were occasionally revealed about Marlene's prior reputation as being popular with the local men; there was a consistent undercurrent of an affair between her and Del. She did finally have a son, Tyler. Questions over the latter's paternity, owing to Marlene's reputation and Boycie's impotence, were a recurring gag.
Denzil (Paul Barber) — Originally cast because Sullivan wanted Del to have had a black friend from his school days, easy-going Liverpudlian Denzil was often on the receiving end of Del's scams. Denzil Tulser, born in Liverpool,England on the 8 August, 1948, is a character in the popular BBC Sitcom Only Fools Paul Barber (born Patrick Barber, 1952 is an actor from Liverpool. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary His inability to say no to Del's business deals frequently led to conflict with his domineering wife, Corrine (Eva Mottley), who was only sighted once, in Who's a Pretty Boy?. Eva Mottley ( 1 January 1953 - 14 February 1985) was a British actress best known for her role as Bella O'Reilly in the acclaimed Who's a Pretty Boy? is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Sullivan had planned to bring Corrine back for more episodes, but after Mottley's death in 1985 opted to make her an unseen character rather than use another actress. [25]
Mickey Pearce (Patrick Murray) — Pearce was a young, obnoxious spiv and friend of Rodney's, known for his ludicrous boasts about his success in business or with women, and for frequently taking advantage of Rodney's gullibility. Patrick Murray (born 17 December 1956 in Greenwich, London) is an English screen actor notable for his role as Mickey Pearce in the Situation comedy Other jokes around Mickey were his rapid turnover of jobs, and the fact that he sported the pork-pie hat and suit of the 2 tone/ska scene, which was popular during the 1980s, well into the 2000s. 2 Tone (or Two Tone) is a Music genre created in England in the late 1970s by fusing elements of Ska, Punk rock, Rocksteady Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor
Mike (Kenneth MacDonald) — The landlord of the Nag's Head, although not from the very beginning; his predecessor was never seen, with just a succession of barmaids providing service. Mike Fisher was a Fictional character in the BBC Sit-com Only Fools and Horses. Kenneth MacDonald ( 20 November 1950 - 5 August 2001) was an English Actor who was best known for the parts of Gunner Landlord is the owner of a House, Apartment, Condominium, or Real estate which is rented or Leased to an individual or business Good natured and somewhat gullible, he was often targeted by Del as a potential customer for any goods he was selling. Del's unpaid bar tab was the cause of conflict between the two, but Mike rarely succeeded in getting him to pay up. When Kenneth MacDonald died in 2001, a storyline involving Mike's imprisonment for attempting to embezzle the brewery was written, and cafe owner Sid took over as pub landlord.
Damien (various) — Damien was Del and Raquel's son. Damien Derek Trotter (born February 3, 1991) was a fictional character in the BBC series Only Fools and Horses. It was Rodney's mocking suggestion that he be named after the Devil's child in The Omen; the couple took the suggestion seriously. Name etymology See also Damien The name "Damien" sounds vaguely like the English " Demon " but is not at all etymologically The Omen is a 1976 suspense / horror Film directed by Richard Donner. The Omen joke and Rodney's apparent fear of Damien became a running gag (accompanied, not, in fact, by Jerry Goldsmith's original music from the film in question, but by its invariable stand-in, the "O Fortuna" from Carl Orff's "Carmina Burana". Carl Orff ( &ndash) was a 20th-century German Composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937 Carmina Burana is a scenic Cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936 ) Six actors played Damien: Patrick McManus (1991), Grant Stevens (1991), Robert Liddement (1992), Jamie Smith (1993–96), Douglas Hodge (1996, as adult), and Ben Smith (2001–03). Douglas Hodge (born 1960 is a British actor director and musician who trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA
Sid (Roy Heather) — Sid made sporadic appearances throughout the show's run, mainly as the proprietor of the run-down and unhygienic local cafe, which was shot in different locations, depending on the episode. Roy Heather (born 1935 in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire) is an English actor After Nag's Head landlord Mike was imprisoned for embezzlement in the episode "If They Could See Us Now", Sid took over and kept that role for the remainder of the series. Embezzlement is the act of dishonestly appropriating or secreting assets usually financial in nature by one or more individuals to whom such assets have been entrusted If They Could See Us Now is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 2001
Other characters
The most frequent roles for guest actors in Only Fools and Horses were as Del or Rodney's once-seen girlfriends of the week, barmaids at the Nag's Head, or individuals the Trotters were doing business with. Del and Rodney's deceased mother, Joan, though never seen, cropped up in Del's embellished accounts of her, or in his attempts to emotionally blackmail Rodney, while her grave (a flamboyant monument) was seen occasionally. Their absent father, Reg, appeared once in "Thicker Than Water" (played by Peter Woodthorpe), before leaving under a cloud, never to be seen again. Thicker than Water is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Peter Woodthorpe ( September 25, 1931 – August 12, 2004) was an English movie, Television and Voice actor Other members of the Trotter family were rarely sighted, the exceptions being the woman they believe to be Auntie Rose (Beryl Cooke) in "The Second Time Around", and cousins Stan and Jean (Mike Kemp and Maureen Sweeney), who attended Grandad's funeral. The Second Time Around is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. When Rodney met Cassandra, her parents Alan and Pamela (Denis Lill and Wanda Ventham) became casually recurring characters. Denis Lill (born 22 April 1942 in Hamilton New Zealand) is a British actor Wanda Ventham (born 5 August 1939, Brighton, East Sussex, England) is an English Actor, mainly on television
In some episodes a guest character would be essential to the plot. Del's ex-fiancee Pauline (Jill Baker) dominated Del's libido in "The Second Time Around", prompting Rodney and Grandad to leave. The Second Time Around is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. In "Who Wants to be a Millionaire", Del's old business partner and friend Jumbo Mills (Nick Stringer) wanted Del to return to Australia with him and restore their partnership, forcing Del to make a decision. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Nick Stringer (born 10 August 1948 in Torquay, Devon) is an English Actor. An attempt by Lennox Gilbey (Vas Blackwood) to rob a local supermarket set-up the "hostage" situation in "The Longest Night". Vas Blackwood (born 17 January 1961) is a British television and film actor The Longest Night is an episode of the BBC Sit-com Only Fools and Horses. Del and Rodney spent the whole of "Tea for Three" battling each other for the affections of Trigger's niece Lisa (Gerry Cowper). Tea for Three is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Geraldine Cowper, (aka Gerry Cowper, Geri Cowper, Gerri Cowper or Gerry Cooper) (born 23 June 1958) is an English Abdul (Tony Anholt) in "To Hull and Back" and Arnie (Philip McGough) in "Chain Gang" were responsible for setting up dubious enterprises involving the Trotters in their respective episodes. Tony Anholt (19 January 1941 – 26 July 2002 was a British actor best known for his roles as Security Chief Tony Verdeschi in the second season of Gerry Anderson To Hull and Back is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1985. Phillip McGough is an English television actor McGough was cast as secret service detective Edwin Woodhall in the Alan Bleasdale -written drama The Monocled " Chain Gang " is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Tony Angelino (Philip Pope), the singing dustman with a speech impediment, was the key to the humour and the storyline of "Stage Fright". Philip Pope is a British Composer and Actor. He has performed the BBC comedy series Radio Active and has also appeared Rhotacism may refer to several phenomena related to the usage of the Consonant R (whether as an Alveolar tap, Alveolar trill, or " Stage Fright " is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses.
Del's nemesis from his school days, corrupt policeman DCI Roy Slater (Jim Broadbent), made three appearances, in "May The Force Be With You", "To Hull and Back" and "Class of '62". DCI Roy Slater (born May 15, 1948 in Fulham) is a recurring villain character in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses. James "Jim" Broadbent (born 24 May 1949 is an English Academy Award -winning theatre film and television Actor. May The Force Be With You is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. To Hull and Back is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1985. The Class of '62 is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. The much-feared local villains, the Driscoll Brothers (Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan) featured once, in "Little Problems". Roy Marsden (born on June 25 1941 in Stepney, London) is a British actor who is probably best known for his portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh Christopher Ryan (born 1942 in Bristol, England, UK) is an British Actor who trained at East 15 Acting School Little Problems is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. In a play on Rodney's light-hearted perception of him being the spawn of the devil, a grown-up Damien (Douglas Hodge) appeared in Rodney's futuristic dream in "Heroes and Villains", as the all-powerful, war-mongering head of the now multi-national Trotters Independent Traders. Douglas Hodge (born 1960 is a British actor director and musician who trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA Heroes and Villains is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1996 as the first Rodney and Mickey's friends, the smooth-talking Jevon (Steven Woodcock) and then, briefly, Chris (Tony Marshall), a ladies' hairdresser, featured sporadically during the sixth and seventh series. Steven Woodcock (born 23 February 1964) is a British Actor, most famous for his role as Clyde Tavernier in the BBC Tony Marshall is a British television actor He is probably best known for his appearance in the recent BBC television series Life on Mars The two-part 1991 Christmas special, "Miami Twice", saw Richard Branson and Barry Gibb make brief cameo appearances. Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950 is an English Business magnate, best known for his Virgin brand of over 360 companies Barry Alan Crompton Gibb CBE (born 1 September 1946 is a singer songwriter and producer Mike Read appeared as himself, hosting an episode of "Top Of The Pops", in "It's Only Rock and Roll" and Jonathan Ross appeared as himself in "If They Could See Us Now". This article is about the broadcaster For those with an identical-sounding but differently-spelled name see Mike Reid. Top of the Pops, also known as TOTP, was a long-running British music chart Television programme, made and broadcast For the Rolling Stones album see It's Only Rock'n Roll For the Waylon Jennings album see It's Only Rock and Roll Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE (born 17 November 1960 in London, England) is a triple BAFTA -winning British If They Could See Us Now is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 2001
While their characters were less significant, well-known actors who played cameos in the programme included Joan Sims, best known for her numerous roles in the Carry On films, who guest-starred in the feature-length episode "The Frog's Legacy" as an aunt of Trigger and old friend of Del's late mother; future Hollywood star David Thewlis, who played a young wannabe musician in "It's Only Rock and Roll"; John Bardon, who now plays the role of Jim Branning in the soap opera "EastEnders", as the supermarket security officer in "The Longest Night". Irene Joan Marion Sims ( 9 May 1930 &ndash 27 June 2001) was an English actress best remembered for her roles in the The Carry On films were a long-running series of low-budget British comedy films directed by Gerald Thomas and produced by Peter Rogers. The Frog's Legacy is the sixth Christmas special episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. David Thewlis (né Wheeler; born 20 March 1963 is an English Film, Television and stage Actor, as well as a For the Rolling Stones album see It's Only Rock'n Roll For the Waylon Jennings album see It's Only Rock and Roll John Bardon, (born John Michael Jones, 25 August 1939 in Brentford, Middlesex) is an English stage and Television James Archibald "Jim" Branning is a recurring Fictional character in the popular BBC Soap opera EastEnders. EastEnders is a most popular and award-winning Television Soap opera, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 on 19 February 1985 The Longest Night is an episode of the BBC Sit-com Only Fools and Horses. Walter Sparrow, who appeared as Dirty Barry in "Danger UXD", went on to appear in several Hollywood films. Danger UXD is an episode of the BBC Comedy Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. [26]
Episodes
- For more details on this topic, see List of Only Fools and Horses episodes. The following is an episode list for the BBC television Situation comedy Only Fools and Horses.
Sixty-four episodes of Only Fools and Horses, all written by John Sullivan, were broadcast on BBC1 between 8 September 1981 and 25 December 2003. [27][28] The show was aired in seven series (1981–83, 1985–86, 1989 and 1990/91), and thereafter in sporadic Christmas special editions (1991–93, 1996, 2001–03). All of the earlier episodes had a running time of 30 minutes, but this was extended after series five (1986), and all subsequent episodes had a running time ranging from 50 to 95 minutes. Most episodes were shot in front of a live audience or had a laugh track recorded from a live audience viewing; the only exceptions being "To Hull and Back", "A Royal Flush", and the second part of "Miami Twice". To Hull and Back is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1985. A Royal Flush is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1986 Miami Twice was a two-part Christmas special addition of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses.
Five special editions were produced, some of which have only recently been rediscovered. [29][30] An eight-minute episode aired in 1982 as part of a show hosted by Frank Muir, The Funny Side of Christmas, in which mini-episodes of Yes Minister, Open All Hours, Butterflies and Last of the Summer Wine also featured. Frank Herbert Muir (5 February 1920 - 2 January 1998 was an English Comedy writer radio and television personality and raconteur Yes Minister is a multi-award winning satirical British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted Open All Hours was a BBC Sitcom written by Roy Clarke which ran for four series (26 episodes in all between 1976 and 1985 with a pilot Butterflies is a Situation comedy written by Carla Lane broadcast on BBC2 from 1978 to 1983. Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom written by Roy Clarke that is broadcast on BBC One. A 5 minute spoof BBC documentary was shown on Breakfast Time in 1985, with Del being investigated by consumer expert Lynn Faulds Wood. White Mice was a special edition of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, broadcast on 24 December 1985. Breakfast Time was British television 's first national Breakfast show, beating ITV 's TV-am to the air by two weeks Lynn Faulds Wood (born 25 March 1948, Glasgow, Scotland) is a British television presenter
An educational episode named "Licensed to Drill", in which Del, Rodney and Grandad discuss oil drilling, was recorded in 1984 but only shown in schools. Licensed to Drill is an Educational episode of the Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. [31] A 15 minute 1990–91 Gulf War special was shown to British troops serving in the conflict. The Robin Flies at Dawn is a special edition of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, filmed specifically for the British troops It has never been broadcast commercially, but a copy exists at the Imperial War Museum, London. The Imperial War Museum is a Museum in London, England featuring military vehicles weapons war memorabilia an extensive library open to the public [32] A Comic Relief special showing Del, Rodney and Albert making an appeal for donations was shown in 1997. The Comic Relief special was a one-off edition of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, recorded as part of the 1997 Comic Relief
Only Fools and Horses had two producers: Ray Butt from 1981 to 1987, and Gareth Gwenlan thereafter. The primary role of a television producer is to control all aspects of production ranging from show idea development and cast hiring to shoot supervision and fact-checking Six directors were used: Martin Shardlow directed all episodes in series one, Bernard Thompson directed the 1981 Christmas special, Susan Belbin series four and Mandie Fletcher series five. A television director directs the activities involved in making a Television Episode. Butt directed series two and three, as well as the 1985, 1986 and 1987 Christmas specials. Tony Dow became the established director after 1988, directing all subsequent episodes. [33] John Sullivan was executive producer on seven of the final eight episodes. [34]
Reception
Only Fools and Horses won the BAFTA award for best comedy series in 1986, 1989 and 1997, was nominated in 1984, 1987, 1990, 1991 and 1992, and won the audience award in 2004. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation David Jason received individual BAFTAs for his portrayal of Del Boy in 1991 and 1997. The series won a National Television Award in 1997 for most popular comedy series; Jason won two individual awards, in 1997 and 2002. The National Television Awards is a British Television awards ceremony sponsored by the ITV network and initiated in 1995. It won the RTS best comedy award in 1997, best BBC sit-com at the 1990 British Comedy Awards, and two Television and Radio Industries Club Awards for comedy programme of the year in 1984 and 1997. The Royal Television Society (commonly known in the television industry as the RTS) is a British -based society for the discussion analysis and preservation of The British Comedy Awards is an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom celebrating notable comedians and entertainment performances of the previous year The Television and Radio Industries Club (widely known as TRIC) is a British institution chartered in 1931 to "promote goodwill in the television and radio industries" John Sullivan won the Writers' Guild of Great Britain comedy award for the 1996 Christmas trilogy and another from the Heritage Foundation in 2001. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Writers' Guild of Great Britain, established in 1959, is a The Heritage Foundation is an American conservative Think tank. [2]
The show regularly features in polls to find the most popular comedy series, moments and characters. It was voted Britain's Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC viewer's poll,[3] and came 45th in the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. Britain's Best Sitcom was a poll conducted in 2004 by the BBC to identify the United Kingdom 's best Situation comedy. The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television [35] It was 3rd on a subsequent viewers' poll on the BFI website. [36] It was also named the funniest British sit-com of all time through a scientific formula, in a study by UKTV Gold. [37] Scenes such as Del Boy's fall through a bar flap in "Yuppy Love" and the Trotters accidentally smashing a priceless chandelier in "A Touch of Glass" have become iconic British comedy moments, invariably topping polls of comedy viewers. Yuppy Love is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. A Touch of Glass is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 2 December 1982 as the final episode of series [38][39][40][41] Del Boy was voted the most popular British television character of all time in a survey by Open....[42] and came fourth in a Channel 4 list of Britain's best-loved television characters. Open was the original Interactive television service on BSkyB 's Sky Digital platform Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began [43] A Onepoll survey found that Only Fools and Horses was the television series Britons would most like to see return. [44]
Theme music, logo and titles
John Sullivan wrote the theme music for Only Fools and Horses when he wrote the first series, but the producers opted instead for an instrumental, saxophone-led tune composed by Ronnie Hazlehurst, who had also arranged the themes for other BBC sit-coms, such as Yes Minister and Last of the Summer Wine. Ronald Hazlehurst (13 March 1928 &ndash 1 October 2007 was an English Composer and Conductor who having joined the BBC in 1961 became its Yes Minister is a multi-award winning satirical British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom written by Roy Clarke that is broadcast on BBC One. However, Sullivan was unhappy with this, so for the second series he persuaded the BBC to use his own compositions instead, partly because the new lyrics would explain the obscure title, which had been the subject of viewers' questions to the BBC during the first series. [7]
The first series was subsequently re-edited to use the new theme songs, though the first episode, "Big Brother", is still sometimes repeated with the original Hazlehurst music intact,[45] as is the 1981 Christmas special. Big Brother is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Christmas Crackers is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 28 December 1981. The current DVD release of Series One, however, replaces the theme music on all seven episodes. The original theme music is still used in the first episode during a montage in which Del unsuccessfully conducts business throughout Peckham whilst trying to find Rodney.
The lyrics to the established themes contain both slang and references to British culture, and describe elements of the show. The opening lyrics include "stick a pony in my pocket", pony being London slang for 25 pounds sterling;[46] "fetch the suitcase from the van" and "where it all comes from is a mystery", all references to the Trotters' shady, cash-only business. London slang is a mixture of words and phrases from many sources reflecting the diverse ethnic and cultural makeup of the city's population It ends with the title lyric, "why do only fools and horses work?"
The closing theme follows suit, describing the dubious goods that the Trotters specialise in, from "miles and miles of carpet tiles" to "Trevor Francis tracksuits"; Francis was an English football player during the 1970s and 1980s. Trevor John Francis (born 19 April 1954 in Boxhill, Plymouth, England) is a former footballer who won 52 caps Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered These are "from a mush in Shepherd's Bush"; mush is slang for a man whose name is unknown and Shepherd's Bush is a West London district. Shepherd's Bush (also Shepherds Bush) is a district of West London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, situated 4 West London is the area of Greater London to the west of Central London. [46] The line "no income tax, no VAT" summarises their outlook, before closing with the refrain "God bless Hooky Street". Value added tax ( VAT) or goods and services tax ( GST) is a consumption Tax levied on value added. Hooky is British slang for something stolen or which has been acquired illegally. [46]
Both songs are performed by Sullivan, and not – as is sometimes thought – by Nicholas Lyndhurst, though the voice Lyndhurst uses in the series is quite similar and the confusion is understandable. Sullivan had intended for Chas & Dave to sing it, since they were an act associated with Cockney-style music, but they were unavailable having just recorded a hit record with "Ain't No Pleasing You", so he was persuaded to do it himself by Ray Butt. Chas & Dave (often billed as Chas 'n' Dave) are English Pop rock musicians who are most notable as creators and performers of a musical style labelled "rockney" [47] The new theme was also arranged by Hazlehurst. Chas & Dave did later contribute to the show, performing "Down to Margate", the closing credits song for "The Jolly Boys' Outing". The Jolly Boys' Outing is the eighth Christmas special episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on
The Only Fools and Horses logo is designed as an adhesive label split into three rows with the title displayed in an ONLY FOOLS and HORSES case format written in the typeface Mistral. An adhesive label is a small piece of Paper designed to be affixed to another larger piece of paper or other object typically by the action of a layer of Adhesive Early versions of the titles sequence used a slightly different version of Mistral to the later series, although the logo as it appeared in the titles was the same throughout the series' run, despite updates that were made to the text of the actor credits. The logo has appeared in many forms on merchandise over the years, including being written on one line in an elongated box or utilising different colour schemes to the yellow and red which has been used everywhere bar the titles sequence. Most recent depictions of the logo use the current variation of Mistral and stick to the yellow and red colours. In addition, Mistral was used as the episode title and closing credits typeface for many of the early series.
The opening credits see images of the three principal actors peel on and off the screen sequentially like adhesive labels. These appear over a background of still photographs of everyday life in South London, including a used car lot and a tower block. The sequence was conceived by graphic designer, Peter Clayton, as a "metaphor for the vagaries of the Trotters' lifestyle", whereby money was earned and quickly lost again. A graphic designer (also known as a graphic artist and communication designer) is a professional within the Graphic design and Graphic arts industry The action was shot manually frame by frame, and took around six weeks to complete. [48]
As the series progressed, the sequence was occasionally updated with new footage, but it only ever featured Del, Rodney and either Grandad or Uncle Albert. The 2001–2003 trilogy featured just Del and Rodney. In total, the shots of Del and Rodney were updated three times during the series' run to reflect their ageing, whilst Grandad and Uncle Albert only ever received one version each during their run. The 2001-2003 Christmas specials used the same titles sequences but rendered for broadcast in the now standard 16:9 ratio widescreen.
The closing credits for the programme varied series by series. The first series used peeling labels featuring the names of the cast and crew, mirroring the opening sequence, but these had to be updated with every new episode, making the process very time-consuming; from the second series the credits switched to a standard rolling format. Towards the end of the run they settled on a uniform style with the typeface Dom Casual scrolling against a freeze frame of the final scene which faded to a plain black background[48] Despite strict BBC crediting guidelines in place by the time the most recent episodes screened, the programme was able to enjoy unedited closing credits and the full version of the theme song. Dom Casual is an American Typeface designed in 1951 by Peter Dom.
Cultural impact
Though Only Fools and Horses was relatively unpopular when it began, it gradually built up a following and became one of the UK's most popular sit-coms, and is now regularly repeated on the BBC. [49] The 1996 Christmas trilogy of "Heroes and Villains", "Modern Men" and "Time On Our Hands" saw the show's peak. Heroes and Villains is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1996 as the first Modern Men is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. Time On Our Hands is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. The first two attracted 21. 3 million viewers,[50][51] while the third episode – at the time believed to be the final one – got 24. 3 million,[52] a record audience for a British sit-com. The following is a list of most-watched television broadcasts, organized by country and based on various criteria [1] Despite its mainstream popularity, it has also developed a cult following, and was named one of the top 20 cult television programmes of all-time by TV critic Jeff Evans. Evans stated that:
"[shows] such as Only Fools and Horses which gets tremendous viewing figures but does inspire conventions of fans who meet in pubs called the Nag's Head and wander round dressed as their favourite characters"[53]
The Only Fools and Horses Appreciation Society, established in 1993, has a membership of around 6,000,[54] publishes a quarterly newsletter, Hookie Street, and organises annual conventions of fans, usually attended by cast members. The Society has also organised an Only Fools and Horses museum, containing props from the series, including Del's camel-hair coat and the Trotters' Ford Capri. Ford Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three separate Automobile models The Ford Consul Capri coupe produced by Ford of Great [55]
Only Fools and Horses – and consequently John Sullivan – is credited with the popularisation in Britain of several words and phrases used by Del Boy regularly, particularly "Plonker",[56] meaning a fool or an idiot, and two expressions of delight or approval: "Cushty"[56] and "Lovely jubbly". The latter was borrowed from an advertising slogan for an obscure 1960s orange juice drink, called Jubbly, which was packaged in a pyramid shaped, waxed paper carton. Sullivan remembered it and thought it was an expression Del Boy would use; in 2003, the phrase was incorporated into the new Oxford English Dictionary. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English [57] Other British slang words commonly used and popularised in the series include "dipstick", "wally" and "twonk", all mild ways of calling someone an idiot.
Owing to its exposure on Only Fools and Horses, the Reliant Regal van is now frequently linked with the show in the British media. The Reliant Regal was a small three-wheeled car manufactured by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England. [58][59][60] The one used by the Trotters has attained cult status and is currently on display at the Cars of the Stars exhibition at the National Motor Museum, alongside the Batmobile and the De Lorean from Back to the Future. The Cars of the Stars Motor Museum is located in the English town of Keswick, Cumbria, and features a collection of celebrity television and film vehicles The National Motor Museum (originally the Montagu Motor Museum) is a museum in the village of Beaulieu, set in the heart of the New Forest, in the The Batmobile is the fictional personal Automobile of Comic book Superhero Batman. Back to the Future is a 1985 science fiction Comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and produced by Steven Spielberg. [61] Boxer Ricky Hatton, a fan of the show, recently purchased one of the original vans. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, [62] Another of the vans used in the series was sold at auction in the UK for £44,000 in February 2007. [63]
During the media frenzy surrounding The Independent's revelations that the new bottled water Dasani, marketed by Coca-Cola, was in fact just 'purified' tap water from Sidcup, mocking parallels were made with the Only Fools and Horses episode, "Mother Nature's Son", in which Del sells tap water as "Peckham Spring". The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Dasani (dəˈsɑːni is a Brand of Bottled water from the Coca-Cola company launched in 1999, after the success of Aquafina Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Sidcup is a suburban development in the London Borough of Bexley, South East London Mother Nature's Son is a Christmas special episode of the BBC Sit-com Only Fools and Horses. [64]
Other media
Four episodes were subsequently re-edited for radio and first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 over June and July 1999. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. [65][66] The episodes included were "The Long Legs of the Law", "A Losing Streak", "No Greater Love" and "The Yellow Peril". The Long Legs of the Law is the first episode of series 2 of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. A Losing Streak is the third episode of series 2 of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. No Greater Love is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. The Yellow Peril is an episode of the BBC Sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. These episodes and three other audio box-sets have since been released on audio cassette and CD.
In 1988, Only Fools and Horses featured at the Royal Variety Performance at the London Palladium. The Royal Variety Performance is a gala evening held annually in the United Kingdom, which is attended by senior members of the British Royal Family, normally The London Palladium is a 2286 seat West End theatre located off Oxford Street in the City of Westminster. The plot saw David Jason, Nicholas Lyndhurst and Buster Merryfield appear on stage in character, thinking that they are delivering boxes of alcohol to an associate of Del's, only later realising where they actually are. The idea of an Only Fools and Horses stage show was mooted by Ray Butt, following the success of other sit-com crossovers such as Dad's Army and Are You Being Served?. Dad’s Army is a British sitcom about the Home Guard in the Second World War. Are You Being Served? was a long-running British sitcom broadcast from 1972 to 1985 Sullivan wasn't keen, owing to his inexperience with the theatre, and the enterprise was deemed too time-consuming, so nothing came of it. [11]
Spin-offs
Only Fools and Horses was sold to countries throughout the world. The Green Green Grass is a British sitcom created and initially written by John Sullivan, and a spin-off of Only Fools and Horses Australia, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Israel, Malta, Montenegro, New Zealand, Pakistan, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa and Spain are among those who purchased it. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. [67] Two overseas re-makes have also been produced. The first was in The Netherlands, entitled Wat schuift't? (What's it worth?). The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Trotters were renamed the Aarsmans, it starred Johnny Kraaykamp jnr. as Stef (Del), Sacco Van der Made as Granpa and Kasper van Kooten as Robbie (Rodney), and was shown on RTL 4. RTL 4 is a commercial television station in the Netherlands. It is one of the biggest commercial television stations in the country popular especially with those aged between [68]
The other country to re-make the show is Portugal, with their version named O Fura-Vidas, a local expression for someone who lives illegally. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. It was a literal translation of the British version, with all episodes based on the originals, though with subtle changes. It featured the Fintas family, who live in Sapadores, a suburb of Lisbon, and starred Miguel Guilherme as Quim (Del), Canto e Castro as Grandad, and Ivo Canelas as Joca (Rodney). Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. [69]
In 2003, it was reported that Sullivan was developing a prequel to the original series, Once Upon a Time in Peckham, which would show Del, Rodney, Trigger, Boycie and Denzil as youngsters in the 1960s, and have a prominent role for Del and Rodney's parents. Once Upon a Time in Peckham is a forthcoming British television sitcom [70]
A British spin-off of the series, The Green Green Grass, also written by John Sullivan and directed by Tony Dow, was first aired in the UK in September 2005. The Green Green Grass is a British sitcom created and initially written by John Sullivan, and a spin-off of Only Fools and Horses [71] It is based around the characters Boycie and Marlene (John Challis and Sue Holderness), forced to leave Peckham by one-time Only Fools and Horses villains the Driscoll Brothers, and has included guest appearances by Denzil (Paul Barber) and Sid (Roy Heather). John Challis (born 16 August 1942 is an English Actor and Comedian. Sue Holderness (born 28 May 1949 Hampstead) is an English Actress. Paul Barber (born Patrick Barber, 1952 is an actor from Liverpool. Roy Heather (born 1935 in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire) is an English actor A second series of the show was broadcast in the UK in October 2006[72] and a third in November 2007. [73] The title of a 2006 BBC reality show, Only Fools on Horses, is an obvious parody of Only Fools and Horses. Reality television is a genre of Television programming which presents purportedly unscripted dramatic or humorous situations documents actual events and usually features ordinary Only Fools on Horses was a BBC reality television programme produced by Endemol UK.
There have been two plans to produce an American version. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the One was to be a star vehicle for ex-M*A*S*H* actor, Harry Morgan, with Grandad rather than Del becoming the lead character. A star vehicle has historically been a Movie, play, TV show, or other production whose primary purpose profit is to enhance an actor's career M*A*S*H was a Medical drama / Black comedy produced by 20th Television Fox for CBS. Harry Morgan (born Harry Bratsburg on April 10, 1915 in Detroit Michigan) is an Emmy -winning American television [74] The other, entitled This Time Next Year. . . , would see the Trotters renamed the Flannagans. A draft script was written for the latter,[75] but as yet neither show has materialised.
Only Fools and Horses featured in a parody of American sit-coms by David Walliams and Matt Lucas in "Mash and Peas do the USA" for Channel 4's Sitcom Weekend in 1997. David Walliams (born David Williams, August 20, 1971) is an English Comedian and Actor, best known for his partnership Matthew Richard Lucas (born 5 March 1974) is an English Comedian and Actor. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Re-named Only Jerks and Horses, the sketch took a mocking view of what the series would have been like had it been re-made in the United States, with Del Boy, Boycie and Trigger all "Americanized", though Rodney remained English. Only Jerks and Horses is a short Comedy sketch written by David Walliams and Matt Lucas, as their alter-egos ' Mash & Peas'. Americanization (verb form Americanize,) is the term used for the influence the United States of America has on the Culture of other countries resulting
Merchandise
Only Fools and Horses spawned many merchandising spin-offs. [4] Several books have been published, most notably the officially sanctioned "The Only Fools and Horses Story" by Steve Clark (ISBN 0-563-38445-X) and "The Complete A-Z of Only Fools and Horses" by Richard Webber (ISBN 0-7528-6025-9), both of which detail the history of the series. The scripts have been published in a three-volume compendium, "The Bible of Peckham". The light-hearted "The Trotter Way to Millions" (ISBN 0-14-023956-1) and "The Trotter Way to Romance" (ISBN 0-297-81227-0), both written by John Haselden, see Del giving tips on how to achieve both wealth and love.
It has been released on VHS, DVD and audio CD in several guises. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio A DVD collection containing every episode was issued, along with various other special edition box-sets, such as a tin based on their Reliant Regal. DVDs and videos of Only Fools and Horses continue to be among the BBC's biggest-selling items, having sold over 6 million VHS copies and 1 million DVDs in the UK. [76][77] An Only Fools and Horses magazine was released in 2004, with each issue containing a DVD of the show.
It also featured on a cavalcade of everyday items. These include a Monopoly-style board game, the "Trotters Trading Game", in which participants attempt to emulate the Trotters and become millionaires, and another game set in their local pub, entitled the "Nag's Head Game tin"; a DVD board game which features clips and questions while trading hookie gear to other players, a CD-ROM for Windows 95 and Windows 98 which allows users to customise their PCs; a soundtrack of songs used during the show, including the theme tune, and replica die cast models of the Trotters' yellow Reliant Regal van, manufactured by Corgi. Monopoly is a Board game published by Parker Brothers, a subsidiary of Hasbro. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented Graphical user interface -based Operating system. Windows 98 ( codenamed Memphis) is a graphical Operating system released on 25 June 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95 The term die-cast toy here refers to any toy or collectible model produced by using the Die casting method The Reliant Regal was a small three-wheeled car manufactured by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England. Corgi Classics Limited is a diecast model manufacturer which has its origins in the Corgi Toy brand introduced by Mettoy in 1956 Replica money has been made by the 'Bank of Peckham', featuring 'altered' English pound notes with Cockney rhyming slang and Del Boy's head on it instead of the Queen. Rhyming slang is a form of Slang in which a word is replaced either by another word or phrase that rhymes with it or by the first word of such a phrase in which For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Other spin-off merchandise includes bottle openers, playing cards, wristwatches, beauty products, calendars and talking alarm clocks.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b James Tapper. A list of actors who have appeared in the BBC Sitcom Only Fools and Horses. "The biggest TV audience ever... it is now", Mail On Sunday, 2005-05-01. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ a b Awards for "Only Fools and Horses". IMDB. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ a b Britain's Best Sitcom. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ a b For a comprehensive list of Only Fools and Horses-related merchandise, see here. Amazon. co. uk. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Clark, Steve (1998). The Only Fools and Horses Story. BBC Books, p. 10-11. ISBN 0-563-38445-X.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 15.
- ^ a b Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 12.
- ^ Big Brother. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 78.
- ^ a b Lewisohn, Mark. Only Fools and Horses. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ a b Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, pp. 92–93.
- ^ Webber, Richard (2003). The Complete A-Z of Only Fools and Horses. Orion, p. 28. ISBN 0-7528-6025-9.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, pp. 116–118.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 101.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, pp. 140–143.
- ^ "Boycie returns for Fools spin-off", BBC, 2004-11-01. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ The OFAH Comic. ofah. net. Retrieved on 2006-09-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
- ^ Lemanski, Dominik. "Del Boy is Dead", Daily Star Sunday, 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, pp. 97–98.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 14.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, pp. 102–103.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 60.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 40.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 102.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story.
- ^ Walter Sparrow. IMDB. Retrieved on 2007-10-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, pp. 146–158.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 5.
- ^ White Mice. ofah. net. Retrieved on 2006-09-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.
- ^ Licensed to Drill. ofah. net. Retrieved on 2006-09-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.
- ^ Specials. The Nag's Head. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, 95.
- ^ For the full production team, see Webber (2003), p. 161
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 187.
- ^ BFI TV100. BFI. Retrieved on 2006-09-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
- ^ Your favourite programme: poll results. BFI. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ "Fools tops 'sitcom formula' test", BBC, 2005-06-06. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Del Boy's wine bar fall is favourite television pub scene", Ananova. Ananova is a Web-oriented news service that originally featured a computer-simulated animation of a woman newscaster an Embodied agent named "Ananova" Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Comedy greats", BBC, 2000-08-13. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Del tops Christmas TV poll", BBC, 2001-12-07. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Del Boy rivals moon landing for top TV", BBC, 1999-08-28. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Del Boy tops popularity poll", BBC, 2000-04-19. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ 100 Greatest TV Characters. Channel 4. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ "Britons 'want Del Boy TV return'", BBC, 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
- ^ "BBC ONE celebrates 21st birthday of Only Fools and Horses", BBC, 2002-09-03. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ a b c See the Online slang dictionary. peevish. co. uk. and The London slang dictionary. londonslang. com.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, pp. 193–94.
- ^ a b Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 202.
- ^ "David Jason calls for less of Del Boy", The Daily Telegraph, 2005-03-05. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ Heroes and Villains. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ Modern Men. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ Time On Our Hands. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ "Doctor Who named cult favourite", BBC, 2001-08-07. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 148.
- ^ "Del Boy museum planned", BBC, 2001-07-19. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ a b Vanessa Thorpe. "Del's back: you'd be a plonker to miss it", The Observer, 2001-07-29. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "TV provides new dictionary entries", BBC, 2003-08-20. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ Sam Wollaston. "Reliant Robin reborn", The Guardian, 1999-08-27. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "'Axed' Reliant Robin is given a second wind", The Telegraph, 2001-07-21. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "End of the road for Reliant Robin", BBC, 2000-09-27. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ Cars of the Stars. carsofthestars. com. Retrieved on 2006-09-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec
- ^ Chris Charles. "Ricky's one Del of a fighter", BBC, 2004-09-29. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Del Boy's Reliant makes a killing", BBC, 2007-02-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Retrieved on 2007-02-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
- ^ Bill Garrett. "Coke's water bomb", BBC, 2004-06-16. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ Only Fools and Horses (a Titles & Air Dates Guide). Retrieved on 2006-09-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ OFAH Comes To Radio. Retrieved on 2006-09-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 25.
- ^ Webber (2003). A-Z of Only Fools and Horses, p. 234.
- ^ For more details of O Fura-Vidas, see Chris' fools and horses page. waitenet. co. uk. Retrieved on 2006-09-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec
- ^ "'Fools and Horses' to get 60s spin-off", UK TV, 2003-09-06. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ The Green Green Grass Series 1. The British Sitcom Guide. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.
- ^ The Green Green Grass Series 2. The British Sitcom Guide. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.
- ^ The Green Green Grass Series 3. The British Sitcom Guide. Retrieved on 2008-04-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans.
- ^ Clark (1998). Only Fools and Horses Story, p. 90.
- ^ See Webber (2003), pp. 259-63 for the draft script
- ^ "Only Fools and Horses - Strangers on the Shore", 2003-10-07. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
- ^ "Only Fools And Horses Lvly Jbly with 'text' generation", BBC, 2003-11-01. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
References
- Clark, Steve (1998). The Only Fools and Horses Story. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-38445-X.
- Sullivan, John (2000). Only Fools and Horses: Bible of Peckham Vol 1. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-53818-X.
- Sullivan, John (2000). Only Fools and Horses: Bible of Peckham Vol 2. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-55177-1.
- Sullivan, John (2001). Only Fools and Horses: Bible of Peckham Vol 3. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-53745-0.
- Webber, Richard (2003). The Complete A-Z of Only Fools and Horses. Orion. ISBN 0-7528-6025-9.
External links
- Only Fools and Horses at bbc.co.uk
- Only Fools and Horses at UKTV Gold
- Only Fools and Horses at the bbc. co. uk Guide to Comedy
- Only Fools and Horses at the BFI's Screenonline
- Only Fools and Horses at the Internet Movie Database
- Only Fools and Horses at British TV Comedy Guide
- Only Fools and Horses at the British Sitcom Guide
- Hooky Street: The Only Fools and Horses Wiki
- Only Fools and Horses Appreciation Society
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