| Topics in journalism |
|---|
| Professional issues |
|
News • Reportage • Writing • Ethics • Objectivity • Values • Attribution • Defamation • Editorial independence • Education • Other topics |
| Fields |
| Arts • Business • Entertainment • Environment • Fashion • Politics • Science • Sports • Tech • Trade • Traffic • Weather |
| Genres |
|
Advocacy journalism |
| Social impact |
|
Fourth Estate |
| News media |
|
Newspapers |
| Roles |
| Journalist • Reporter • Editor • Columnist • Commentator • Photographer • News presenter • Meteorologist |
|
|
Online journalism is defined as the reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people Professional journalism is a form of news reporting which developed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century along with formal schools of journalism News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Reportage sometimes refers to the total body of media coverage of a particular topic or event including news reporting and analysis " the extensive reportage of recent News style (also journalistic style or news writing) is the particular Prose style used for News reporting (ie Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of Ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional Journalists Historically Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. News values, sometimes called "news criteria" determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet and the attention it is given by the audience In Journalism, a source is a person publication or other record or document that gives information Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication A journalism school is a School or department usually part of an established University, where Journalists are trained List of Journalism topics This page aims to list all topics related to the field of Journalism. Arts journalism is a branch of Journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts Business journalism is the branch of journalism that tracks records analyses and interprets the economic changes that take place in a society Entertainment journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of Journalism that focus on the Entertainment business and its products Environmental journalism is the collection verification production distribution and exhibition of information regarding current events trends issues and people that are associated Fashion journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all aspects of published Fashion media Political journalism is a broad branch of Journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of Politics and Political science, although the term usually Science journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Science topics to a public forum Sports journalism is a form of Journalism that reports on Sports topics and events While the sports department within some Newspapers has been Tech journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Tech topics to a public forum Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the Business world by way of articles or analysis A traffic report is an element of a Radio program or TV news broadcast that informs listeners about general traffic conditions Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Advocacy journalism is a Genre of Journalism that intentionally and transparently adopts a non-objective viewpoint usually for some social Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory journalism or democratic journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the The civic journalism movement (also known as public journalism is according to professor David K Community journalism is locally oriented coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods or individual suburbs rather than metropolitan state national or world news "Gonzo" redirects here For other uses see Gonzo (disambiguation Gonzo journalism is a style of Journalism which is written Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal Docufiction (often understood as Docudrama) is a Neologism which refers to a cinematographic work in a Genre mixing Fiction and Narrative journalism is the interpretation of a story and the way in which the journalist portrays it be it fictional or non-fictional New Journalism was a style of 1960s and 1970s News writing and Journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time Opinion journalism is Journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Visual journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information Watchdog journalism refers to forms of Activist journalism aimed at holding accountable public personalities and institutions whose functions impact social and political life The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues Fifth Estate is any class or group in society other than the Clergy ( First Estate) the Nobility ( Second Estate) the Commoners ( Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press Infotainment (a Portmanteau of information and entertainment refers to a general type of media broadcast program which provides a combination of current Media bias in the United States News propaganda is Covert Propaganda packaged as credible News without transparency as to source and motivation Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally News agency (alternative A news agency is an organization of Journalists established to supply News reports to organizations in the News trade Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are "broadcast" that is published by electrical methods instead of the older methods such as printed newspapers Photojournalism is a particular form of Journalism (the collecting editing and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast that creates images in order to tell Alternative media are media (newspapers radio television movies Internet etc A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A reporter is a type of Journalist who Researches and presents information in certain types of Mass media. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media A columnist is a Journalist who writes material on a regular basis for publication in a series A photographer is a person who takes a Photograph using a Camera. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary In writing a report is a document characterized by information or other content reflective of inquiry or investigation which is tailored to the context of a given situation and audience The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks
An early leader was The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina. The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of the U Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA Steve Yelvington wrote on the Poynter Institute website about Nando, owned by The N&O, by saying "Nando evolved into the first serious, professional news site on the World Wide Web -- long before CNN, MSNBC, and other followers. The Poynter Institute is a school and resource for journalism located in St In the early 1990s NandO or Nandonet was one of the first Internet newspaper sites and a pioneering model for later news websites A news site is a Web site with the primary purpose of reporting News. " It originated in the early 1990s as "NandO Land".
Many news organizations based in other media also distribute news online, but the amount they use of the new medium varies. Some news organizations use the Web exclusively or as a secondary outlet for their content. The Online News Association is the premier organization representing online journalists, with more than 800 members. The Online News Association (ONA founded in 1999 is an organization made up of more than 1000 members
The Internet challenges traditional news organizations in several ways. Newspapers may lose classified advertising to websites, which are often targeted by interest instead of geography. Classified advertising is a form of Advertising which is particularly common in Newspapers, online and other Periodicals, e These organizations are concerned about real and perceived loss of viewers and circulation to the Internet.
And the revenue gained with advertising on news websites is sometimes too small to support the site. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand
Even before the Internet, technology and other factors were dividing people's attention, leading to more - but narrower - media outlets.
Contents |
Work outside traditional press
The Internet has also given rise to more participation by people who aren't normally journalists, such as with Indy Media (Max Perez).
Bloggers write on web logs or blogs. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Traditional journalists often do not consider bloggers to automatically be journalists. This has more to do with standards and professional practices than the medium. But, as of 2005, blogging has generally gained at least more attention and has led to some effects on mainstream journalism, such as exposing problems related to a television piece about President Bush's National Guard Service. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Other significant tools of on-line journalism are Internet forums, discussion boards and chats, especially those representing the Internet version of official media. An, or message board, is a Bulletin board system in the form of a discussion site The widespread use of the Internet all over the world created a unique opportunity to create a meeting place for both sides in many conflicts, such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russian-Chechen War. Often this gives a unique chance to find new, alternative solutions to the conflict, but often the Internet is turned into the battlefield by contradicting parties creating endless "online battles. "
Most Internet users agree that on-line sources are often less biased and more informative than the official media. Bias is a term used to describe a Tendency or Preference towards a particular perspective, Ideology or result especially when the tendency interferes This claim is often backed with the belief that on-line journalists are merely volunteers and freelancers who are not paid for their activity, and therefore are free from corporate ethics. A volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of environment primarily because they choose to do so A freelancer, freelance worker, or freelance is a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life But recently many Internet forums began to moderate their boards because of threat of vandalism, which many users see as a form of censorship. In Politics and Religion, a moderate is an individual who holds an intermediate position between two viewpoints neither to be extreme or radical by those applying Vandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals in respect of Culture: ruthless Destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or Venerable Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor
Some online journalists have an ambition to replace the mainstream media in the long run. Some independent forums and discussion boards have already achieved a level of popularity comparable to mainstream news agencies such as television stations and newspapers. Particularly interesting are About.com in the United States, Expatica in Western Europe and several others. Aboutcom is an online source for original information and advice and is among the top 15 US Websites ( Nielsen Online Spring 2008 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Internet radio and Podcasts are other growing independent media based on the Internet. Internet radio (also known as web radio, net radio, streaming radio and e-radio) is an audio Broadcasting service transmitted via A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download
Legal issues
One emerging problem with online journalism in the United States is that, in many states, individuals who publish only on the Web do not enjoy the same First Amendment rights as reporters who work for traditional print or broadcast media. As a result, unlike a newspaper, they are much more liable for such things as libel. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. In California, however, protection of anonymous sources was ruled to be the same for both kinds of journalism.
In Canada there are more ambiguities, as Canadian libel law permits suits to succeed even if no false statements of fact are involved, and even if matters of public controversy are being discussed. In British Columbia, as part of "a spate of lawsuits" against online news sites, according to legal columnist Michael Geist, several cases have put key issues in online journalism up for rulings. Michael Allen Geist (born 11 July 1968) is a Canadian Academic, and the Canada Research Chair in Internet and E-Commerce Law Green Party of Canada financier Wayne Crookes filed a suit in which he alleged damages for an online news service that republished resignation letters from that party and let users summarize claims they contained. The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal Political party founded in 1983 with around 9000 registered members as of November 2007. Wayne Crookes is a Vancouver businessman and former Green Party organizer He had demanded access to all the anonymous sources confirming the insider information, which Geist believed would be extremely prejudicial to online journalism. The lawsuit, "Crookes versus openpolitics", attracted attention from the BBC and major newspapers, perhaps because of its humorous name. Crookes had also objected to satire published on the site, including use of the name gang of Crookes for his allies.
Some experts including kumud ranjan believe that libel law is wholly incompatible with online journalism and that right of reply will eventually have to replace it. The right of reply is the right to defend oneself against criticism Otherwise commentary on events in places that give libel plaintiffs too many rights or powers will move to other jurisdictions and most of the comment will be made anonymous. Everyone would then lose rights and remedies, due to a few wealthy people with resources to launch libel suits on weak grounds. Jennifer Jannuska and other legal commentators have, while agreeing with strong protections for publishers who only host journalists, sometimes emphasize that the use of anonymizer technology makes even criminal abuses, not just libel, possible, and so should be avoided even if other rights are lost. An anonymizer or an anonymous proxy is a tool that attempts to make activity on the Internet untraceable
News collections
The Internet also offers options such as personalized news feeds and aggregators, which compile news from different websites into one site. In computing a feed aggregator, also known as a feed reader, news reader or simply aggregator, is client software or a Web application One of the most popular news aggregators is Google News. Google News is an automated News aggregator provided by Google Inc Others include Newsfeedmaker. com, Topix.net, FaceofTruth, TheFreeLibrary.com, mangrova. Topix is a News aggregator which categorizes news stories by topic and geography TheFreeDictionarycom is an Online Dictionary and Encyclopedia which gathers Information from a variety of sources com.
But, some people see too much personalization as detrimental. For example, some fear that people will have narrower exposure to news.
As of March 2005, Wikinews rewrites articles from other news organizations. Wikinews is a free-content News source Wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation.
See also
External links
- Online News Association
- CyberJournalist.net
- International Journalist Directory
- Online Journalism Review
- Teaching Online Journalism
- Journalistopia
- Press Think article by Jay Rosen about changes at the News & Record, in Greensboro, N. In the early 1990s NandO or Nandonet was one of the first Internet newspaper sites and a pioneering model for later news websites ConsumerSearch is an English-language search engine for Consumer product Reviews, plus a Database of reports on consumer products and services published ScribbleSheet was an online magazine based in the United Kingdom with the tagline "Comfortably Contrarian" An online newspaper, also known as a web newspaper, is a Newspaper that exists on the World Wide Web or Internet, either separately or as an C. , USA.
- Wikinews
- Truly Hollywood
- Interactive Narratives
- E-Media Tidbits, from the Poynter Institute, on the end of NandO
- News Consumption in Online Communities by Jan van der Crabben
- We are all journalists now, Michael Geist
- Online journalism in Poland
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic