Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Omagh bombing
Omagh bombing
The red Vauxhall Cavalier sedan containing the bomb. The Vauxhall Cavalier is a Large family car sold primarily in the UK by Vauxhall Motors, the British subsidiary of General Motors (GM A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other Vehicle and then detonated. This photo was taken shortly before the explosion; the camera was found afterwards in the rubble. [1].
Location Omagh, Northern Ireland
Date August 15, 1998
Attack type Car bomb
Deaths 29. Omagh (pronounced /'omæ/) is the County town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other Vehicle and then detonated. [2][3][4][5]
Injured About 220 initially reported,[6] later stories say over 300. [7][3][8]
Perpetrator(s) Real IRA (RIRA)[3][5][4]

The Omagh bombing was a paramilitary car bomb attack carried out by the Real IRA (RIRA), a splinter group of former Provisional Irish Republican Army members opposed to the Belfast Agreement, on August 15, 1998, in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA (RIRA or True IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann (Volunteers A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other Vehicle and then detonated. The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA (RIRA or True IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann (Volunteers The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Omagh (pronounced /'omæ/) is the County town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of [6] Twenty-nine people died as a result of the attack and approximately 220 people were injured. [9][2][3][5][4] The attack was described by the BBC as "Northern Ireland's worst single terrorist atrocity" and by British Prime Minister Tony Blair as an "appalling act of savagery and evil". The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to [8][10] Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams[11] and Martin McGuinness[12] condemned the attack and the RIRA itself. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Gerry Adams, MLA, MP (Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh born 6 October 1948 is an Irish Republican politician and abstentionist Westminster James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Máirtín Mag Aonghusa born in Derry on 23 May 1950 is the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland. [13]

The victims included people from many different backgrounds — Protestants, Catholics, a Mormon[14], nine children,[12] a woman pregnant with twins,[12] and two Spanish tourists, as well as other tourists on a day trip from the Republic of Ireland. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel A day-tripper is a person who visits a Tourist destination or Visitor attraction from their home and return home on the same day Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. [15][7] The nature of the bombing created a strong international and local outcry against the RIRA, which later forced the organization to apologize,[16] and spurred on the Northern Ireland peace process. The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA (RIRA or True IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann (Volunteers When discussing the History of Northern Ireland, the " peace process " is generally considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican [2][3][11][16] In 2001, County Louth builder and publican Colm Murphy was convicted in connection to the bombing. County Louth (Contae Lú is a County on the East coast of Ireland, on the border with Northern Ireland. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the [12] He is currently awaiting a Court of Criminal Appeal ordered retrial. The Court of Criminal Appeal is the name of existing courts of Scotland and Ireland, and an historic court in England and Wales. [12] Murphy's nephew Sean Hoey of Jonesborough, South Armagh was cleared of all charges relating to the bombing on December 20, 2007 after spending four years in prison on remand. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the Nephew is a term referring to the son of one's Sibling. Sons of siblings-in-law are also informally referred to as nephews even though there is no blood relation Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [4] The families of those killed say that they will continue with a High Court civil action for £14 million against the two men and three others whom they say were responsible for the attack. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [4]

Contents

The attack

Build-up to the attack

On August 13, the maroon Vauxhall Cavalier was stolen from Carrickmacross, County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland. The Vauxhall Cavalier is a Large family car sold primarily in the UK by Vauxhall Motors, the British subsidiary of General Motors (GM Carrickmacross, called Carrick or Cmx by locals (Carraig Mhacaire Rois is a Town in County Monaghan, Ireland whose translated name means "The County Monaghan ('mɔnəhən Irish: Contae Mhuineacháin) is a county in Ireland. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. [17][18][19] The perpetrators replaced its Republic of Ireland number plates with false Northern Ireland plates. Registration marks on Number plates in Ireland issued since 1987 have the format YY-CC-SSSSSS where the components are YY &mdash a 2-digit See also Vehicle registration plate Colour and dimensions Current plates have black characters on white reflective material (for the front plate or on yellow reflective [12][17] On the day of the bombing, they parked the car filled with 500lbs of explosives outside a clothes shop on Omagh's Market Street. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass [12] They could not find a parking space near the intended target, the Omagh courthouse. [20] The car bomb detonated at about 3pm,[12] or 15:00 BST, in the crowded shopping area. Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. [9]

That morning, three phone calls had been placed warning of an attack in Omagh. [21] At 14:32, a warning was telephoned to Ulster Television saying "There's a bomb, courthouse, Omagh, main street, 500 lb (230 kg), explosion 30 minutes. For other uses of the UTV acronym see UTV (disambiguation UTV (formerly Ulster Television) is a Television channel based "[21] The office received a second warning saying "Bomb, Omagh town, 15 minutes" one minute later. [21] The next minute, the Coleraine office of the Samaritans charity received a call stating that a bomb would go off on "main street" about 200 yards (180 m) from the courthouse. Coleraine ( is a large Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. [21] The recipients passed on the information to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 [21]

BBC News stated that the police "were clearing an area near the local courthouse, 40 minutes after receiving a telephone warning, when the bomb detonated. But the warning was unclear and the wrong area was evacuated. "[9] The warnings mentioned "main street" when no "main street" existed in Omagh at that time. [17] The nature of the warnings lead the police to move people over to the area where the bomb was actually placed. [3][17][21][9][22] The courthouse is roughly 400 meters from the spot where the car armed with the explosive device was parked. [22][23]

In a statement on the same day as the bombing, RUC Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan accused the RIRA of trying to deliberately direct civilians to the bombing site. The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS are two separate bodies in the United Kingdom Sir Ronald Flanagan, GBE, QPM, (born 25 March, 1949 in Belfast) is the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. [23] British government prosecutor Gordon Kerr QC has called the warnings "not only wrong but. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign  &ndash are . . meaningless" and stated that the nature of the warnings made it inevitable that the evacuations would lead to the bomb site. [24] The RIRA has strongly denied that they intended to target civilians. A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. [21][25] They have also stated that the warnings were not intended to lead people to the bombing site. [21] During the 2003 Special Criminal Court trial of RIRA director Michael McKevitt, witnesses for the prosecution stated that the inaccurate warnings were accidental. The Special Criminal Court (Cúirt Choiriúil Speisialta is a Juryless criminal Court in the Republic of Ireland which tries terrorist and Michael McKevitt (b 4 September, 1949) is an Irish republican who was convicted of directing Terrorism as the leader of the Paramilitary [20]

Aftermath

BBC News stated that those "who survived the car bomb blast in a busy shopping area of the town described scenes of utter carnage with the dead and dying strewn across the street and other victims screaming for help. "[9] The injured were initially taken to two local hospitals, the Tyrone County Hospital and the Erne Hospital. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for Tyrone County Hospital ( Otharlann Contae Thír Eoghain) is the main Hospital in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. [22] A local leisure center was set up as a casualty field center and Lisanelly Barracks, a British army base served as an impromptu morgue. [22][23] The Conflict Archive on the Internet project has stated that rescue workers called the scene "battlefield conditions". CAIN ( Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the Present "[22] Tyrone County Hospital became overwhelmed, and they appealed for local doctors to come in to help their staff. Tyrone County Hospital ( Otharlann Contae Thír Eoghain) is the main Hospital in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. [9][23] Because of the stretched emergency services, people used buses, cars, and helicopters to take the victims to other hospitals in Northern Ireland,[23][9] including the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast and Altnagalvin Hospital in Derry. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. [22] A Tyrone County Hospital spokesman stated that they treated 108 casualties and 44 of whom had to be transferred to other hospitals. Tyrone County Hospital ( Otharlann Contae Thír Eoghain) is the main Hospital in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. A spokesman ( spokeswoman or spokesperson) is someone engaged to speak on behalf of others [23] Paul McCormick of the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service said that "The injuries are horrific, from amputees, to severe head injuries to serious burns, and among them are women and children. "[9]

The day after the bombing, the relatives and friends of the dead and injured used the Omagh leisure center to post news. [22] The Spanish Ambassador to Ireland personally visited some of the injured[22] and churches across Northern Ireland called for a national day of mourning. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of [26] Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh Robin Eames stated on BBC Radio that "From the church's point of view, all I am concerned about are not political arguments, not political niceties. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead The City of Armagh ( is an ancient religious site of worship of both celtic paganism and Christianity and the oldest of the five cities in Northern Ireland, Robin Henry Alexander Eames Baron Eames, OM (born 27 April 1937) was the Anglican Primate of All Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927 I am concerned about the torment of ordinary people who don't deserve this. "[26]

Reactions

The nature of the bombing created a strong international and local outcry against the RIRA and in favour of the Northern Ireland peace process. When discussing the History of Northern Ireland, the " peace process " is generally considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican [2] [3][11] British Prime Minister Tony Blair called the bombing an "appalling act of savagery and evil". The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to [8][9] The Queen expressed sympathy for the victims,[9] as did the Pope and American President Bill Clinton. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States [22] Social Democratic and Labour Party President John Hume called the perpetrators of the bombing "undiluted fascists". The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former Politician in Northern Ireland, founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party [11]

Sinn Féin leader Martin McGuiness stated that "This appalling act was carried out by those opposed to the peace process". Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Máirtín Mag Aonghusa born in Derry on 23 May 1950 is the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland. [9] Party president Gerry Adams said that "I am totally horrified by this action. Gerry Adams, MLA, MP (Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh born 6 October 1948 is an Irish Republican politician and abstentionist Westminster I condemn it without any equivocation whatsoever. "[13] This was the first time any member of Sinn Féin used the terms "condemn" or "condemnation" in relation to Republican violence. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic Physical force Irish republicanism is a term used to describe the recurring appearance of non-parliamentary violent insurrection in Ireland between 1798 and the present [22] Martin McGuiness mentioned the fact that both Catholics and Protestants alike were injured and killed, saying "All of them were suffering together. James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Máirtín Mag Aonghusa born in Derry on 23 May 1950 is the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. I think all them were asking the question 'Why?', because so many of them had great expectations, great hopes for the future. "[13] Sinn Féin as an organization initially refused to co-operate with the investigation into the attack, citing the involvement of the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 [27] On May 17, 2007, Martin McGuiness stated that Irish Republicans will cooperate with an independent, international investigation if one is created. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Máirtín Mag Aonghusa born in Derry on 23 May 1950 is the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland. Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic [28]

On August 22, 1998, the Irish National Liberation Army called for a ceasefire in their operations against the British government. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Irish National Liberation Army ( INLA; Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann in Irish is an Irish Republican, Left-wing paramilitary organisation [29][22][30] The Terrorism Knowledge Base has accused the Republican paramilitary organization of providing supplies for the bombing. Physical force Irish republicanism is a term used to describe the recurring appearance of non-parliamentary violent insurrection in Ireland between 1798 and the present A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status [30] The INLA has continued to observe the ceasefire and remains opposed to the Belfast Agreement. The Irish National Liberation Army ( INLA; Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann in Irish is an Irish Republican, Left-wing paramilitary organisation The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an [30] The RIRA also suspended operations for a short time after the Omagh bombing before returning to violence. The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA (RIRA or True IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann (Volunteers [22][31] The RIRA had came under pressure from the Provisional Irish Republican Army after the bombing; PIRA members visited the homes of 60 people connected with the RIRA and ordered them to disband and stop interfering with PIRA arms dumps. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the [32] BBC News has stated that "Like the other bombings in the early part of 1998 in places like Lisburn and Banbridge, Omagh was a conscious attempt by republicans who disagreed with the political strategy of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness, to destabilise Northern Ireland in that vulnerable moment of hope. It failed - but there is a terrible irony to the way in which the campaign was halted only by the wave of revulsion triggered by the carnage at Omagh. "[2]

Responsibility

Allegations

No group claimed responsibility on the day of the attack, but the RUC suspected the RIRA. [9][23] The RIRA had carried out a car bombing in Banbridge, County Down two weeks before the Omagh bombing. Banbridge ( is a rapidly growing Town in County Down, Northern Ireland. County Down, ( Ulster Scots: Coontie Doun. is one of the nine counties that form the province of Ulster and one of six counties that form [23] Three days after the attack, the RIRA claimed responsibility and apologised for the attack. [16][31][25] On December 14, 2001, they released a statement stating that the organisation had "minimal involvement" and that two MI5 agents were largely responsible for the bombing. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [33] On February 7, 2008, an RIRA spokesperson stated that "The IRA had minimal involvement in Omagh. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A spokesman ( spokeswoman or spokesperson) is someone engaged to speak on behalf of others Our code word was used nothing more. To have stated this at the time would have been lost in an understandable wave of emotion" and "Omagh was an absolute tragedy. Any loss of civilian life is regrettable. "[34]

On October 9, 2000, the BBC's Panorama programme aired the special Who Bombed Omagh? hosted by journalist John Ware. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Panorama is the longest-running current affairs documentary series in the world A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends [17] The programme quoted RUC Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan as saying "sadly up to this point we haven't been able to charge anyone with this terrible atrocity". The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS are two separate bodies in the United Kingdom Sir Ronald Flanagan, GBE, QPM, (born 25 March, 1949 in Belfast) is the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary [17] The programme alleged that the police on both sides of the Irish border knew the identity of the bombers. [17] It stated that "As the bomb car and the scout car headed for the border, the police believe they communicated by mobile phone. This is based on an analysis of calls made in the hours before, during and after the bombing. This analysis may prove to be the key to the Omagh bomb investigation. "[17] Using the phone records, the programme gave the names of the four prime suspects as Oliver Traynor, Liam Campbell, Colm Murphy, and Seamus Daly. Liam Campbell is an Irish Republican from Dundalk, County Louth, Republic of Ireland. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the Seamus Daly Irish: Séamus Ó Dálaigh) is an Irish Republican from County Monaghan. [17]

Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Mandelson praised the Panorama programme, calling it "a very powerful and very professional piece of work". Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving [35] Republic of Ireland Prime Minister Bertie Ahern criticised it, saying that "bandying around names on television" could hinder attempts to secure convictions. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Taoiseach (ˈtiːʃəx in English t̪ˠiːʃʲəx (plural Taoisigh ( or) in Irish) also referred to as An Taoiseach ( t̪ˠiːʃʲəx is the the Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern ( Irish: Pádraig Parthalán Ó hEachthairn, born 12 September 1951 is an Irish politician who served [35] First Minister David Trimble stated that he had "very grave doubts about" it. William David Trimble Baron Trimble (born 15 October 1944 is a Northern Irish Politician from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster [35] Lawrence Rush, whose wife Elizabeth died in the bombing, tried to legally block the programme from being broadcast, saying "This is media justice, we can't allow this to happen". [36] Democratic Unionist Party assembly member Oliver Gibson, whose niece Esther died in the bombing, stated that the government did not have the will to pursue those responsible and welcomed the programme. The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP) is the larger of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland. The Northern Ireland Assembly ( Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann Semmlie) is the devolved [36]

The police believes that the bombing of BBC Television Centre in London on March 4, 2001 was a revenge attack for the broadcast. On Sunday 4 March 2001 the Real IRA detonated a Car bomb outside the BBC's main news centre in the White City area of West London London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Revenge (also vengeance, retribution, or vendetta amongst others consists primarily of retaliation against a person or group in response [37] On April 9, 2003, the five RIRA members behind the BBC office's bombing were convicted and sentenced for between 16 and 22 years. [38]

Prosecutions

On September 22, 1998, the RUC and Irish police arrested twelve men in connection with the bombing. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 [28] They subsequently released all of them without charge. [28] On February 25, 1999, they questioned and arrested at least seven suspects. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) [28] Builder and publican Colm Murphy, from Ravensdale, County Louth, was charged three days later for conspiracy and was convicted on January 23, 2002 by the Republic's Special Criminal Court. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the County Louth (Contae Lú is a County on the East coast of Ireland, on the border with Northern Ireland. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Special Criminal Court (Cúirt Choiriúil Speisialta is a Juryless criminal Court in the Republic of Ireland which tries terrorist and [28] He is, as of January 2008, the only person ever convicted in connection with the explosion. [28] He was sentenced to fourteen years. [39] In January 2005, Murphy's conviction was quashed and a retrial ordered by the Court of Criminal Appeal, on the grounds that two Gardaí had falsified interview notes, and that Murphy's previous convictions were improperly taken into account by the trial judges. The Court of Criminal Appeal is the name of existing courts of Scotland and Ireland, and an historic court in England and Wales. ga '''''Garda Síochána na hÉireann''''' (ˈgaːrdə ʃiːˈxaːnə nə ˈheːɾʲən Irish for "Peace Guard of Ireland" often rendered [39]

On October 28, 2000, the families of four children killed in the bombing-- James Barker, 12, Samantha McFarland, 17, Lorraine Wilson, 15, and 20-month-old Breda Devine-- launched a civil action against the suspects named by the Panorama programme. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space [28] On March 15, 2001, the families of all twenty-nine people killed in the bombing launched a £2 million civil action against the RIRA itself as well as suspects Seamus McKenna, Michael McKevitt, Liam Campbell, Colm Murphy, and Seamus Daly as individuals. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy Michael McKevitt (b 4 September, 1949) is an Irish republican who was convicted of directing Terrorism as the leader of the Paramilitary Liam Campbell is an Irish Republican from Dundalk, County Louth, Republic of Ireland. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the Seamus Daly Irish: Séamus Ó Dálaigh) is an Irish Republican from County Monaghan. [28] Former Northern Ireland secretaries Peter Mandelson, Tom King, Peter Brooke, Lord Hurd, Lord Prior, and Lord Merlyn-Rees signed up in support of the plaintiffs' legal fund. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving Tom King or Thomas King may refer to Tom King (highwayman (died c Peter Leonard Brooke Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, CH, PC (born 3 March 1934 is a British politician a former Conservative Douglas Richard Hurd Baron Hurd of Westwell, CH, CBE, PC (born 8 March 1930 is a senior British Conservative Politician Merlyn Rees, later Merlyn Merlyn-Rees Baron Merlyn-Rees, PC ( 18 December 1920 &ndash 5 January 2006) was a [28] The civil action began in Northern Ireland on 7 April 2008. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [40]


On September 6, 2006, Murphy's nephew Sean Hoey, an electrician from Jonesborough, County Armagh went on trial accused of 29 counts of murder as well as terrorism and explosives charges. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Colm Murphy ( Colm Ó Murchú) born 18 August 1952, Belleeks County Armagh) is an Irish publican and building contractor who was the Nephew is a term referring to the son of one's Sibling. Sons of siblings-in-law are also informally referred to as nephews even though there is no blood relation An electrician is a Tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment Jonesborough is a small Village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, less than a mile from the border with County Louth in the Republic County Armagh ( Contae Ard Mhacha in Irish - from the height of Macha) is a county in Ulster in the north east of Ireland Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [41] Upon its completion, Hoey's trial found on December 20, 2007 that he was not guilty of all 56 charges against him. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [42]

On January 24, 2008, former Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan apologised to the victims' families for the lack of convictions in relation to the Omagh bombing. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Chief Constable is the title given to the Chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except the two responsible for Greater Sir Ronald Flanagan, GBE, QPM, (born 25 March, 1949 in Belfast) is the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary [43]This apology was rejected by some of the victims' families. [43] After the verdict freeing Sean Hoey, BBC News reporter Kevin Connolly stated that "The Omagh families were dignified in defeat, as they have been dignified at every stage of their fight for justice. A reporter is a type of Journalist who Researches and presents information in certain types of Mass media. Their campaigning will go on, but the prospect is surely receding now that anyone will ever be convicted of murdering their husbands and brothers and sisters and wives and children. "[2]

Controversy

Police Ombudsman report

Police Ombudsman Nuala O'Loan published a report on December 12, 2001 that strongly criticised the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) over its handling of the bombing investigation. The Office of the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland is a Non-Departmental Public Body intended to provide an independent impartial police complaints system for the people Dame Nuala Patricia O'Loan DBE (born 20 December 1951) is a noted public figure in Northern Ireland. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 [44][45][46] Her report stated that RUC officers had ignored the previous warnings about a bomb and had failed to act on crucial intelligence. [45][44][23] She went on to say that officers had been uncooperative and defensive during her inquiry. [45] RUC officers had moved people towards the bombing site, which they said that they did because the warnings had mentioned the Courthouse. [23][45] The report concluded that "The victims, their families, the people of Omagh and officers of the RUC were let down by defective leadership, poor judgement and a lack of urgency. "[46] It recommended the setting up of a new investigation team independent of the new Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), which had since replaced the RUC, led by a senior officer from an outside police force. The Police Service of Northern Ireland is the Police service that covers Northern Ireland. [46]

Initially, the Police Association, which represents both senior officers and rank and file members of the Northern Ireland police, went to court to try to block the release of the O'Loan report. The Police Service of Northern Ireland is the Police service that covers Northern Ireland. [23][45] The Association stated that "The ombudsman's report and associated decisions constitute a misuse of her statutory powers, responsibilities and functions. "[45] The group later dropped its efforts. [23][47] RUC Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan called the report "grossly unfair' and "an erroneous conclusion reached in advance and then a desperate attempt to find anything that might happen to fit in with that". The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS are two separate bodies in the United Kingdom Sir Ronald Flanagan, GBE, QPM, (born 25 March, 1949 in Belfast) is the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary [46] Other senior police officers also disputed the report's findings. [44][45] Flanagan issued a 190 page counter-report in response[23] and has also stated that he has considered taking legal action. [46] He has argued that the multiple warnings were given by the RIRA to cause confusion and lead to a greater loss of life. [48][23] Assistant Chief Constables Alan McQuillan and Sam Kincaid sent affidavits giving information that supported the report. An affidavit is a formal sworn statement of fact, signed by the declarant (who is called the affiant or deponent) and witnessed (as to the veracity of the [45]

The families of the victims expressed varying reactions to the report. [49] Kevin Skelton, whose wife died in the attack, said that "After the bomb at Omagh, we were told by Tony Blair and the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, that no stone would be left unturned. . . It seems to me that a lot of stones have been left unturned" but then expressed doubt that the bombing could have been prevented. [49] Lawrence Rush, whose wife also died in attack, said that "There's no reason why Omagh should have happened - the police have been in dereliction of their duty. "[49] Other Omagh residents said that the police did all they could. [49] The Belfast Telegraph called the report a "watershed in police accountability" and stated that it "broke the taboo around official criticism of police in Northern Ireland". The Belfast Telegraph is a daily evening newspaper published in Belfast, Northern Ireland by Independent News and Media. [44] Upon leaving office on November 05, 2007, Nuala O'Loan stated that the report was not a personal battle between herself and Flanagan and did not lead to one. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dame Nuala Patricia O'Loan DBE (born 20 December 1951) is a noted public figure in Northern Ireland. [44] She also stated that the "recommendations which we made were complied with". [44]

Advance warning allegations

On July 29, 2001, a double agent using the pseudonym Kevin Fulton publicly stated that, three days before the Omagh bombing, he told his MI5 handlers that the RIRA was preparing a bomb attack and then gave the bomb-maker's name and location. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A split album featuring performances by bands The KGB and Alien Spy that was produced in 1997 A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) "Kevin Fulton" is the pseudonym of a British agent from Newry, Northern Ireland who allegedly spied on the Provisional Irish Republican Army Agent handler is a generic term common to many intelligence organizations which can be applied to Case Officers those who aspire to be Case officers "controllers" contacts [23] He stated that MI5 did not pass his information over to the police. [50][51] Flanagan called the allegations "an outrageous untruth". Sir Ronald Flanagan, GBE, QPM, (born 25 March, 1949 in Belfast) is the Home Office Chief Inspector of Constabulary [23] In September 2001, British security forces informer Willie Carlin stated that Nuala O'Loan's associates had obtained evidence confirming Fulton's allegations. Dame Nuala Patricia O'Loan DBE (born 20 December 1951) is a noted public figure in Northern Ireland. [50] A spokesperson for the Ombudsman did not confirm or deny Carlin's assertion when asked. [50]

On 19 October 2003, a transcript was released of a conversation between an informer who stole cars on behalf of the RIRA, Paddy Dixon, and his police handler, John White, recorded shortly before Dixon fled the Republic of Ireland on 10 January 2002. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Agent handler is a generic term common to many intelligence organizations which can be applied to Case Officers those who aspire to be Case officers "controllers" contacts Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Dixon says in the transcript that "Omagh is going to blow up in their faces". [52] On February 21, 2004, Police Service of Northern Ireland Chief Constable Hugh Orde called for the Republic of Ireland to hand over Dixon. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Police Service of Northern Ireland is the Police service that covers Northern Ireland. Chief Constable is the title given to the Chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except the two responsible for Greater Sir Hugh Stephen Orde, OBE, is the 2nd Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. [23] In March 2006, Chief Constable Orde stated that "security services did not withhold intelligence that was relevant or would have progressed the Omagh inquiry. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS are two separate bodies in the United Kingdom Sir Hugh Stephen Orde, OBE, is the 2nd Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI "[53] He also stated that the dissident Republican militants investigated by MI5 were members of a different cell that the perpetrators of the Omagh bombing. [53]

Independent bombing investigation

On 7 February 2008, the Northern Ireland Policing Board decided to appoint a panel of independent experts that will re-review the police's investigation of the bombing. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Northern Ireland Policing Board is the Police Authority for Northern Ireland, charged with supervising the activities of the Police Service of Northern Ireland Some of the relatives of the bombing victims criticised the decision, saying that an international public inquiry covering both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland should be established instead. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The review will determine whether enough evidence exists for further prosecutions. It will also investigate the possible perjury of two police witnesses made during Sean Hoey's trial. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a [54] Sinn Féin Policing Board member Alex Maskey stated that "Sinn Féin fully supports the families' right to call for a full cross-border independent inquiry while the Policing Board has its clear and legal obligation to scrutinise the police handling of the investigations. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 The Northern Ireland Policing Board is the Police Authority for Northern Ireland, charged with supervising the activities of the Police Service of Northern Ireland Alex Maskey (born 8 January 1952 is an Irish politician who was the first member of Sinn Féin to serve as Belfast 's Lord Mayor " He also stated that "We recognise that the board has a major responsibility in carrying out our duty in holding the PSNI to account in the interests of justice for the Omagh families". [55]

Victims' support group

The families of the victims of the bomb created the Omagh Support and Self Help Group after the bombing. [56] The organization is lead by Michael Gallagher, who lost his 21-year-old son Aiden in the attack. [57] Their website provides over 5000 newspaper articles, video recordings, audio recordings, and other information sources relating to the events leading up to and following the bombing as well as information about other terrorist attacks. [58] The group's five core objectives are "Relief of poverty, sickness, disability of victims", "Advancement of education and protection", "Raising awareness of needs and experiences of victims, and the effects of terrorism", "Welfare rights advice and information", and "Improving conditions of life for victims". [56] The group also provides support to victims of other bombings in Ireland, as well other terrorist bombings, such as the 2004 Madrid train bombings. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [56] The group has protested outside meetings of the 32 County Sovereignty Movement, an Irish Republican political activist group opposed to the Belfast Agreement that the families believe is part of the RIRA. History The organisation was founded on 7 December 1997 at a meeting in Fingal in Dublin by republican activists who were opposed to the direction Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic An interest group (also advocacy group, lobby group, pressure group or special interest group) is an organized collection of people who seek The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an [59]

In April 2000, the group argued that the attack breached Article 57 of the Geneva Convention and stated that they will pursue the alleged bombers using international law. The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian [60] Michael Gallagher told BBC Radio Ulster that "The republican movement refused to co-operate and those people hold the key to solving this mystery. Because they have difficulty in working with the RUC and Gardai, we can't get justice". [60] In January 2002, Gallagher told BBC News that "There is such a deeply-held sense of frustration and depression" and called the anti-terrorist legislation passed in the wake of the Omagh bombing "ineffective". Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments [61] He has expressed support for the controversial Panorama programme, stating that it reminds "people that what happened in Omagh is still capable of happening in other towns". Panorama is the longest-running current affairs documentary series in the world [36] In February 2002, Prime Minister Tony Blair declined a written request by the group to meet with him at Downing Street. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Downing Street is the street in London, England, which for over two hundred years has contained the official residences of two of the most senior British cabinet ministers [62] Group members accused the Prime Minister of ignoring concerns about the police's handling of the bombing investigation. [62] A Downing Street spokesman stated that "The Prime Minister of course understands the relatives' concerns, but [he] believes that a meeting with the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office is the right place to air their concerns at this stage. Downing Street is the street in London, England, which for over two hundred years has contained the official residences of two of the most senior British cabinet ministers "[62]

The death of Michael Gallagher's son along with his and other families' experiences in the Omagh Support and Self Help Group form the story of the Channel 4 television film Omagh. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Omagh was a film dramatising the events surrounding the Omagh bombing and its aftermath co-produced by Irish state broadcaster RTÉ and [57] Filmmaker Paul Greengrass has stated that "the families of the Omagh Support and Self Help Group have been in the public eye throughout the last five years, pursuing a legal campaign, shortly to come before the courts, with far reaching implications for all of us and it feels the right moment for them to be heard, to bring their story to a wider audience so we can all understand the journey they have made. Paul Greengrass (b August 13, 1955 in Cheam, Surrey) is an Academy Award -nominated BAFTA Award -winning English "[57] In promotion for the film, Channel 4 stated that the group has pursued "a patient, determined, indomitable campaign to bring those responsible for the bomb to justice, and to hold to account politicians and police on both sides of the border who promised so much in the immediate aftermath of the atrocity but who in the families' eyes have delivered all too little. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began "[57]

Memorials

Media memorials

The bombing inspired the song "Paper Sun" by British hard rock band Def Leppard, as noted in the commentary of their album Rock of Ages: The Definitive Collection. A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public [63] The band members wrote the song while they were developing their album Euphoria. An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public Euphoria is the seventh Studio album by British Hard rock band Def Leppard, released in 1999 [63] Guitarist Vivian Campbell has stated that "this had happened as Ireland was just getting used to the idea of peace". A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres Vivian Patrick Campbell (born in 25 August 1962 in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish rock [63] Vocalist Joe Elliott has said that "We had the telly on with the sound off and basically wrote our own soundtrack. Joseph Thomas Elliott (born 1 August, 1959, in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, and educated at King Edward VII School) is the "[63]

Another song inspired by the bombings was "Peace on Earth" by rock group U2. " Peace On Earth " is the eighth track from U2 's 2000 album All That You Can't Leave Behind. [64] It includes the line "They're reading names out over the radio. All the folks the rest of us won't get to know. Sean and Julia, Gareth, Ann, and Breda. "[64] The 5 names mentioned are five of the victims from this attack. [64] Also, U2 has recited the names of all 29 people killed during the bombing during public performances of their anti-violence anthem "Sunday Bloody Sunday". [65]

Omagh memorial

In late 1999, the Omagh District Council established the Omagh Memorial Working Group to devise a permanent memorial to the bombing victims. [7] Its members come from both public and private sectors alongside representatives from the Omagh Churches Forum and members of the victims' families. [7] The chief executive of the Omagh Council, John McKinney, stated in March 2000 that "we are working towards a memorial. It is a very sensitive issue. "[66] In April 2007, the Council announced the launch of a Public Art Design Competition by the Omagh Memorial Working Group. [7] The group has the goal of creating a permanent memorial in time for the tenth anniversary of the bombing on August 15, 2008. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [7][67] It has a total budget of £240,000. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [7]

Since space for a monument on Market Street itself is limited, the final memorial will be split between the actual bombing site and the temporary Memorial Garden spaced about 300 metres away. [68] Artist Sean Hillen and architect Desmond Fitzgerald won the contest with a design that, in the words of The Irish Times, "centres on that most primal yet mobile of elements: light". The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet news paper launched in the late 1850s. [68] A heliostatic mirror will be placed in the memorial park tracking the sun in order to project a constant beam of sunlight onto 31 small mirrors, each etched with the name of a victim. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. [68][67] All the mirrors will then bounce the light onto a heart-shaped crystal within an obelisk pillar that stands at the bomb site. An obelisk (from Greek ὀβελίσκος - obeliskos, diminutive of ὀβελός - obelos, "spit nail pointed pillar" [68][67]

In September 2007, the Omagh Council's proposed wording on a memorial plaque — "dissident republican car bomb" — brought it into conflict with several of the victims' families. [67] Michael Gallagher has stated that "there can be no ambiguity over what happened on August 15, 1998, and no dancing around words can distract from the truth. "[67] The Council has appointed an independent mediator in an attempt to reach an agreement with those families. [67]

Notes

  1. ^ Omagh Bomb: Before the Bomb — 15 August, 1998
  2. ^ a b c d e f "How the Omagh case unravelled". BBC News. Published December 20, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Man cleared over Omagh bombing". CNN.com. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Published December 20, 2007. Accessed January 9, 2008.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Man cleared of Omagh bombing". The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Published December 20, 2007. Accessed January 9, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c "Nine years on, the only Omagh bombing suspect is free" The Times. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Published December 21, 2007. Accessed January 9, 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Bomb Atrocity Rocks Northern Ireland", BBC News, 1998-08-16. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul  
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Omagh County Town of Tyrone Northern Ireland at the Foothills of the Sperrins
  8. ^ a b c "Bravery awards for bomb helpers", BBC News, 1999-11-17. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Omagh bombing kills 28", BBC News, 1998-08-16. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  10. ^ The Omagh Bomb - Main Events
  11. ^ a b c d A BLAST OF EVIL. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. For other uses see News Hour. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer is an evening Television News program broadcast Initially broadcast August 19, 1998.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h "Omagh: Northern Ireland's Blackest Day". Sky News. Sky News is a rolling TV news channel providing 24 hour news coverage including the latest breaking news Published December 20, 2007.
  13. ^ a b c "Sinn Fein condemnation 'unequivocal'". BBC. Published August 16, 1998. Accessed January 9, 2008.
  14. ^ www. wesleyjohnston. com/users/ireland/past/omagh/dead.
  15. ^ Introduction to the Omagh bombing, 15 August 1998
  16. ^ a b c Real IRA apologises for Omagh bomb. BBC News. Published August 18, 1998.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Who Bombed Omagh?". BBC. Initially broadcast October 9, 2000.
  18. ^ "Gardai in Carrickmacross look for information on stolen bomb car". The Irish Times
  19. ^ "BBC 2 NEWSNIGHT SPECIAL". The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet news paper launched in the late 1850s. Originally broadcast August 16, 1998.
  20. ^ a b Mooney & O'Toole, pp. 211-212.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Omagh bomb warnings released. BBC. Published August 18, 1998.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Main Events surrounding the bomb in Omagh".
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Ulster carnage as bomb blast targets shoppers". The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published August 16, 1998.
  24. ^ "Trial of man suspected of Omagh bombing begins". The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Published 26 September 2006.
  25. ^ a b "First Statement issued by the "real" IRA, 18 August 1998". CAIN. CAIN ( Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the Present
  26. ^ a b "National day of mourning call". Published August 16, 1998.
  27. ^ "Omagh families seek online justice". BBC News. Published April 17, 2000.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Timeline: the Omagh bombing". The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published December 20, 2007.
  29. ^ "Terror group says Ulster war is over". The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published August 9, 1999.
  30. ^ a b c "Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)". The Terrorism Knowledge Base. Accessed January 10, 2008.
  31. ^ a b "Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)". The Terrorism Knowledge Base. Accessed January 10, 2008.
  32. ^ Sean O'Neill (4 May 1998). Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Give up violence or else, Provos tell the 'Real IRA'. The Daily Telegraph. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  33. ^ 14 December 2001 Real IRA Statement in Full.
  34. ^ "Mackey slams Provos as RIRA vows resumption of violence". The Ulster Hearld. Published February 7, 2008.
  35. ^ a b c "Named Omagh 'suspect' in court". BBC. Published October 10, 2000.
  36. ^ a b c "Omagh programme was 'media justice'". BBC. Published October 10, 2000.
  37. ^ "Ealing Bomb: The Real IRA". The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Published August 4, 2001.
  38. ^ "Real IRA bombers jailed". BBC. Published April 9, 2003.
  39. ^ a b "Relatives disappointed with Omagh ruling", RTÉ News, 2005-01-21. RTÉ News and Current Affairs, or Nuacht agus Cúrsaí Reatha RTÉ in Irish, is a major division of Radio Telefís Éireann responsible for news programming Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  40. ^ "Omagh civil case 'unprecedented' ". BBC News. Published April 7, 2008.
  41. ^ "Sickness halts Omagh trial", The Guardian, 2006-09-06. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  42. ^ "Man not guilty of Omagh murders", BBC News Online, 2007-12-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-12-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.  
  43. ^ a b "Flanagan apology to bomb families". BBC News. Published January 24, 2008.
  44. ^ a b c d e f "Nuala O'Loan: the job I didn't want to leave". The Belfast Telegraph. The Belfast Telegraph is a daily evening newspaper published in Belfast, Northern Ireland by Independent News and Media. Published November 05, 2007.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h Conflict Archive on the Internet. CAIN ( Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the Present Statement by the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland on her Investigation of matters relating to the Omagh Bomb on August 15, 1998 (2001-12-12). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  46. ^ a b c d e "Omagh bomb report 'grossly unfair'". BBC News. Published December 12, 2001.
  47. ^ "Justice denied". The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published December 21, 2007.
  48. ^ Johnston, Wesley. Appendix B: Police Press Releases on the Omagh Bomb. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  49. ^ a b c d "Families shocked at Omagh report". BBC News. Published December 12, 2001.
  50. ^ a b c "OMAGH BOMB: PROBE INTO RUC 'WARNING' NEARS END". The Sunday Mirror. The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 Published October 7, 2001.
  51. ^ "MI5 withheld intelligence ahead of Omagh", RTÉ News, 2006-02-24. RTÉ News and Current Affairs, or Nuacht agus Cúrsaí Reatha RTÉ in Irish, is a major division of Radio Telefís Éireann responsible for news programming Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  52. ^ Omagh agent claims Garda let bomb pass The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published Octobrt 19, 2003.
  53. ^ a b MI5 "did not retain Omagh advice" BBC News. Published March 1, 2006.
  54. ^ "Omagh bomb investigation review". BBC News. Published February 7, 2008.
  55. ^ "Orde to outline the extent of dissident threat". The Belfast Telegraph. The Belfast Telegraph is a daily evening newspaper published in Belfast, Northern Ireland by Independent News and Media. Published February 7, 2008.
  56. ^ a b c Omagh Support and Self Help Group Main Website
  57. ^ a b c d Omagh from Channel 4
  58. ^ "Omagh support group launch digital archive". The Ulster Hearld. Published Mar 29, 2007.
  59. ^ "Omagh families' vigil at 'fundraiser'". BBC News. Published November 26, 2000.
  60. ^ a b "Omagh families head to international courts". BBC News. Published April 10, 2000.
  61. ^ "Living with the Omagh legacy" BBC News. Published January 22, 2002.
  62. ^ a b c "Fury as Blair snubs Omagh families". The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Published February 17, 2002.
  63. ^ a b c d ((( Def Leppard UK.com ))) :: Rock Of Ages Songs 2005:
  64. ^ a b c U2: U2faqs.com - Songs / Lyrics FAQ
  65. ^ http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=off&q=omagh+u2+%22sunday+bloody+sunday%22
  66. ^ "Omagh bereaved 'not let down'". BBC News. Published March 8, 2000.
  67. ^ a b c d e f "Omagh memorial in inscription row". BBC News. Published September 18, 2007.
  68. ^ a b c d A monument that casts a human light

External links

Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic