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Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted
Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted

Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions, with the alternate Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, Wallachia Caesarea in use between 1718 and 1739) is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Year 1718 ( MDCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river (although counties to the east run across the river in some areas). The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Southern Carpathians (Carpaţii Meridionali also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of Mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania The Olt River ( Romanian and Hungarian; German: Alt; Latin: Aluta or Alutus) is a River in

Contents

Geography

The counties comprised by Oltenia
The counties comprised by Oltenia

Oltenia includes the counties:

and parts of the counties:

Oltenia's main city and its seat for a long period of the Middle Ages is Craiova. List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative Gorj (gorʒ is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Târgu Jiu. Dolj (dolʒ is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova (population 314437 Mehedinţi (mehe'dinʦi is a county ( judeţ) of Romania, in the historical provinces of Oltenia (mostly and Banat (a little part in the The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties Vâlcea (also spelt Vîlcea; 'vɨlʧea is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (or Greater Wallachia) is a historical province of Romania, usually considered Wallachia -proper ( Muntenia, Ţara Românească Olt (olt is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (both regions are separated by the Teleorman redirects here For the river see Teleorman River. Teleorman (te Islaz is a commune in southern Romania, located in southwestern Teleorman County, 10 km west of Turnu Măgurele. Craiova (kraˈjova the fifth largest Romanian city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Other cities are Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Târgu Jiu, Caracal, and Motru. Drobeta-Turnu Severin (pronunciation /dro'beta 'turnu seve'rin/ Hungarian: Szörényvár, Северин Serbian: Дробета-Турну Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, pronunciation in Romanian: /'rɨm Târgu Jiu (also spelled Tîrgu Jiu) is the capital of Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. Caracal is a city in Olt county Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Motru is a city in Romania, Gorj County. The city grew in the 20th century due to extensive coal mining in the Motru- Rovinari extracting area

History

Initially inhabited by Dacians, Oltenia was incorpored in the Roman Empire (106, at the end of the Dacian Wars; see Roman Dacia). The Dacians ( Lat Daci, Gr Dákai) were a Thracian people the ancient inhabitants of Dacia (located in the area The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Roman province of Dacia on the Balkans included the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia, and temporarily In 129, during Hadrian's rule, it formed Dacia Inferior, one of the two divisions of the province (together with Dacia Superior, in today's Transylvania); Marcus Aurelius' administrative reform made Oltenia one of the three new divisions (tres Daciae) as Dacia Malvensis, its capital and chief city being named Romula. Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor If you're looking for the song by Terminaator, look " Romula (song " It was colonized with veterans of the Roman legions. A veteran (from Latin vetus, meaning "old" is a person who has or is working in the armed forces For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," The Romans withdrew their administration south of the Danube in the mid-3rd century and Oltenia was ruled by the Germanic Goths and Dacian Carpians. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now Bacău County In the late 4th century it came under the rule of the Taifals before invasion by the Huns. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The Taifals, Taifali, Taifalae, Tayfals, or Theifali were a Barbarian people settled by the late Roman Empire in Poitou The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy

Around 1247 a polity emerged in Oltenia under the rule of Litovoi, which would later included in Muntenia (the mediaeval state of Wallachia). Litovoi was a voivode on the west bank of the river Olt (ruling the territory of the present Romanian county of Gorj) Muntenia (or Greater Wallachia) is a historical province of Romania, usually considered Wallachia -proper ( Muntenia, Ţara Românească This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania From an unknown moment and up until 1831, the voivode (Prince of Wallachia) was represented in Oltenia by a ban (marele ban al Craiovei - "the great ban of Craiova", after the seat was moved from Strehaia), considered the greatest office in Wallachian hierarchy, and one that was held most by members of the Craioveşti family (from the late 1400s to about 1550). Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union Ban (baːn is a Title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century Strehaia is a town in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania. It is situated 25 km west of Filiaşi, on the Motru River valley The Craioveşti, later Brâncoveneşti, were a Boyar family in Wallachia who gave the country several of its Princes and held the title of

During the 15th century, Wallachia had to accept the Ottoman suzerainty and to pay an annual tribute to keep its autonomy. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a A tribute (from Latin tribulum, contribution is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or as was often case in historical contexts of submission From the Craioveşti-family, many bans cooperated with the Turks. However, many rulers, including the Oltenian-born Michael the Brave, fought against the Ottomans, giving Wallachia brief periods of independence. Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul Vitéz Mihály 1558 - 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601 of Transylvania After 1716, the Ottomans decided to cease choosing the voivodes from among the Wallachian boyars, and established the Phanariote regime. Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks ( Greek:Φαναριώτες Romanian: Fanarioţi, Bulgarian:Фанариоти

Two years later, in 1718 under the terms of the Treaty of Passarowitz, Oltenia was split from Wallachia and annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy (de facto, it was under Austrian occupation by 1716); in 1737, it was returned to Wallachia under Prince Constantine Mavrocordatos (see Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18 and Austro-Turkish War, 1737-1739). Year 1718 ( MDCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Treaty of Passarowitz or Treaty of Požarevac was the Peace treaty signed in Požarevac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Constantine Mavrocordatos ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μαυροκορδάτος, Romanian: Constantin Mavrocordat; February 27 Russo–Turkish War of 1735–1739, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, caused by intensified contradictions over the results of the War of the Polish Under the occupation, Oltenia was the only part of the Danubian Principalities (with the later exception of Bukovina) to experience Enlightened absolutism and Austrian administration, although these were met by considerable and mounting opposition from conservative boyars. Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined This article refers to the aristocratic title of boyar. For the Boyar caste of India, see Boyar (caste. While welcomed at first as liberators, the Austrians quickly disenchanted the inhabitants by imposing rigid administrative, fiscal, judicial and political reforms which were meant to centralize and integrate the territory (antagonizing both ends of the social spectrum: withdrawing privileges from the nobility and enforcing taxes for peasants). A privilege &mdashetymologically "private law" or law relating to a specific individual&mdashis a special Entitlement or immunity granted by a government

In 1761, the residence of Bans was moved to Bucharest, in a move towards centralism (a kaymakam represented the boyars in Craiova). Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. A centralized government is the Form of government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which Local governments are subject A kaymakam (also spelled kaimakam and caimacam) is the title used for the Governor of a provincial District in the Republic of It remained there until the death of the last Ban, Barbu Văcărescu, in 1832. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian

In 1821, Oltenia and the county of Gorj were at the center of Tudor Vladimirescu's uprising (see Wallachian uprising of 1821). Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Gorj (gorʒ is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Târgu Jiu. Tudor Vladimirescu (c 1780&ndash was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary hero the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur The Wallachian uprising of 1821 was an uprising in Wallachia (a region of Romania) which took place during 1821 Tudor initially gathered his Pandurs in Padeş and relied on a grid of fortified monasteries such as Tismana and Strehaia. Pandurs were a non-linear ( irregular) army made out of mainly Croats from the town of Pandur that was deployed primarily to raid behind enemy lines Padeş is a commune in Gorj County, Romania. Tismana is a town in Gorj County, Romania.

Symbol

The traditional heraldic symbol of Oltenia, also understood as representing Banat, is nowadays present in the Coat of Arms of Romania (lower dexter): on gules field, an or lion rampant, facing dexter, holding a sword, and standing over an or bridge and stylised waves. The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties The Coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September, 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania In Heraldry, gules (pronounced with a hard 'g' is the tincture with the colour Red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours" In Heraldry, or (from the French word for gold) is the tincture of gold, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals"

References

Dictionary

Oltenia

-proper noun

  1. A region in the south-west of Romania which makes up the western part of Wallachia.
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