| Oldham | |
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  Oldham shown within Greater Manchester |
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| Area | 25. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 9 sq mi (67. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²) |
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| Population | 103,544 (2001 Census) |
| - Density | 3,998/sq mi (1,544/km²) |
| OS grid reference | |
| - London | 164 mi (264 km) SSE |
| Metropolitan borough | Oldham |
| Metropolitan county | Greater Manchester |
| Region | North West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | OLDHAM |
| Postcode district | OL1-OL2, OL4, OL8-OL9 |
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| European Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Oldham East and Saddleworth |
| Oldham West and Royton | |
| List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester | |
Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Oldham postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Ashton-Under-Lyne, Bacup, Heywood, Littleborough The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Oldham East and Saddleworth is a Constituency in Greater Manchester represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Oldham West and Royton is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in Greater Manchester, in North West England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [1] It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 6. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. The River Medlock is a River of Greater Manchester in north west England that flows for 10 miles before joining the River Irwell in central 9 miles (11. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States 1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester, and 5. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 3 miles (8. 5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale. Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England.
Historically a part of Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Early Modern Britain is the History of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th 17th and 18th centuries With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England". A boomtown is a Community that experiences sudden and rapid population and Economic growth. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one [2] At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world,[3][4] spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined. Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic Fibers are twisted together to form Yarn (or thread A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. [5] Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
The demise of textile processing in Oldham caused a local economic depression. [6] Today, Oldham is a predominantly residential town, although it is still distinguished architecturally by the surviving cotton mills and other buildings associated with its former industry. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton The town has a population of 103,544,[7] and an area of around 26 square miles (67 km²). This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. [8] It is a centre for further education, and the performing arts. Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence [9]
Contents |
History
Toponymy
The toponymy of Oldham (pronounced /ˈəʊldəm/) seems to imply "old village or place" from Eald (Saxon) signifying oldness or antiquity, and Ham (Saxon) a house, farm or hamlet. The history of Oldham is one of dramatic change from obscure Pennine hamlet to preeminent Mill town and textile processing capital of the world Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. A hamlet is (usually&mdashsee below a Rural community — that is a small settlement — which is too small to be considered a Village. [10] However, Oldham is known to be a derivative of Aldehulme; undoubtedly an Old Norse name. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age [11] It is believed to be derived from the Old English ald combined with the Old Norse holmi or holmr, meaning "old promontory or outcrop", possibly describing the town's hilltop position. [11] It has alternatively been suggested that it may mean "holm or hulme of a farmer named Alda". [11] The name is understood to date from 865, during the period of the Danelaw. The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: [11]
Early history
The earliest known evidence of a human presence in what is now Oldham is attested by the discovery of Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings found at Werneth and Besom Hill, implying habitation 7–10,000 years ago. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities [11] Evidence of later Roman and Celtic activity is confirmed by an ancient Roman road and Bronze age archaeological relics found at various sites within the town. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for [11] Although Anglo-Saxons occupied territory around the area centuries earlier,[11][12] Oldham as a permanent, named place of dwelling, is believed to date from 865, when Danish invaders established a settlement called Aldehulme. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: [11][13]
From its founding in the 9th century until the Industrial Revolution, Oldham is believed to have been little more than a scattering of small and insignificant settlements spread across the moorland and dirt tracks which linked Manchester to York. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. [11][14] Although not mentioned in the Domesday Book, Oldham does appear in legal documents from the Middle Ages, invariably recorded as territory under the control of minor ruling families and barons. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber [13] In the 13th century, Oldham was documented as a manor held from The Crown by a family surnamed Oldham, whose seat was at Werneth Hall. Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government Oldham is a Surname with origins tracing to the town of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities [10]
Industrial Revolution and cotton
Much of Oldham's history is concerned with textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution; it has been said that "if ever the Industrial Revolution placed a town firmly and squarely on the map of the world, that town is Oldham. With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the "[6] Oldham's soils were too thin and poor to sustain crop growing, and so for decades prior to industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species [10] By 1756, Oldham emerged as centre of the hatting industry in England. "Mad as a hatter" redirects here For the Batman episode see Mad as a Hatter (Batman The Animated Series. The rough felt used in the production process is the origin of the term "Owdham Roughyed" a nickname for people from Oldham. Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting condensing and pressing fibers A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. [11] It was not until the last quarter of the 18th century that Oldham changed from being a cottage industry township producing woollen garments via domestic manual labour, to a sprawling industrial metropolis of textile factories. The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work It was also known as the workshop system. Manual labour (or manual labor) is physical work done with the hands especially in an unskilled job such as fruit and vegetable picking road building or any [10]
The climate, geology, and topography of Oldham were unrelenting constraints upon the social and economic activities of the human inhabitants. [15] Located 700 feet (213 m) above sea level with no major river or visible natural resources, Oldham had poor geographic attributes compared with other settlements for investors and their engineers. As a result, Oldham played no part in the initial period of the Industrial Revolution,[3][14] although it did later become seen as obvious territory to industrialise because of its convenient position between the labour forces of Manchester and southwest Yorkshire. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. [16] Cotton spinning and milling were introduced to Oldham when its first mill, Lees Hall, was built by William Clegg in about 1778, the beginning of a spiralling process of urbanisation and socioeconomic transformation. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic Fibers are twisted together to form Yarn (or thread A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Socioeconomics or socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and Social life. [3] Within a year, 11 other mills had been constructed,[11] and by 1818 there were 19 – not a large number in comparison with other local settlements. [14] Oldham's small local population was greatly increased by the mass migration of workers from outlying villages,[11] resulting in a population increase from just over 12,000 in 1801 to 137,000 in 1901. [14] The speed of this urban growth meant that Oldham, with little pre-industrial history to speak of, was effectively born as a factory town. A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills
Oldham became the world's manufacturing centre for cotton spinning in the second half of the 19th century. [14] In 1851, over 30% of Oldham's population was employed within the textile sector, compared to 5% across Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands [16] It overtook the major urban centres of Manchester and Bolton as the result of a mill building boom in the 1860s and 1870s, a period during which Oldham became the most productive cotton-spinning town in the world. Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. [14] By 1871 Oldham had more spindles than any country in the world except the United States, and in 1909, was spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined. Cotton-spinning machinery refers to Machines which process (or spin raw Cotton into workable Yarn or thread The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. [5] By 1911 there were 16. 4 million spindles in Oldham, compared with a total of 58 million in the United Kingdom and 143. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 5 million in the world; in 1928, with the construction of Elk mill – the UK's largest textile factory – Oldham reached its manufacturing zenith. [14] At its peak, there were over 360 mills, operating night and day;[17][18] Oldham's townscape was dominated by distinctive rectangular brick-built mills. [19]
Oldham was hit hard by the Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861–1865, when supplies of raw cotton from the United States were cut off. The Lancashire Cotton Famine, also known as The Cotton Famine or the Cotton Panic (1861 &ndash 1865 was a depression in the textile industry in northwest Wholly reliant upon the textile industry, the cotton famine created chronic unemployment in the town. [20] By 1863 a committee had been formed, and with aid from central government, land was purchased with the intention of employing local cotton workers to construct Alexandra Park, which opened on 28 August 1865. Alexandra Park is a public Park in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [20] Said to have over-relied upon the textile sector,[6][13] as the importation of cheaper foreign yarns grew during the 20th century, Oldham's economy declined into a depression, although it was not until 1964 that Oldham ceased to be the largest centre of cotton spinning. This article is about the fiber product For the type of joke see Shaggy dog story. [14][6][21] In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the last cotton spun in the town was at Elk mill, in 1998. [14]
Engineering
Facilitated by its flourishing textile industry, Oldham developed extensive structural and mechanical engineering sectors during the 18th and 19th centuries. Structural engineering is a field of Engineering dealing with the analysis and design of Structures that support or resist loads Structural engineering is Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing The manufacture of spinning and weaving machinery in Oldham belongs to the last decade of the 19th century, when it became a leading centre in the field of engineering. Cotton-spinning machinery refers to Machines which process (or spin raw Cotton into workable Yarn or thread Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and [11] The Platt Brothers, originated in nearby Dobcross village, but moved to Oldham. Platt Brothers & Co Ltd, (also known as Platt Bros of Oldham) was a British company based at Oldham, in North West England. Dobcross is one of the smallest villages in the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England They were pioneers of cotton-spinning machinery, developing innovatory products which enabled the mass-production of cotton yarn. Platt Brothers became the largest textile machine makers in the world, employing over 15,000 people in the 1890s,[22] twice the number of their nearest rivals Dobson & Barlow in Bolton and Asa Lees on Greenacres Moor. Greenacres (pronounced locally as "Grinnicres") or archaically Greenacres Moor, is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester [18] They were keen investors in the local area and at one time, were supporting 42% of the population. [22] The centre of the company lay at the New Hartford Works in Werneth, a massive complex of buildings and internal railways on a site overlooking Manchester. Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities The railway station which served this site later formed the basis of Oldham Werneth railway station, which together with the main building exists to this day. Oldham Werneth railway station is a small railway station on the Oldham Loop Line, 10 km (6¼ miles north east of Manchester Victoria. Platts gained prestigious awards from around the world,[20] and were heavily involved with local politics and civic pride in Oldham. [22] John and James Platt were the largest subscribers for promoting Oldham from a township to a Borough, pledging £100 (more than double the next largest sum) in advance towards any expenses which may have been incurred by the Royal Charter. Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company [11] In 1854 John Platt was made the (fourth) Mayor of Oldham, an office he was to hold twice more in 1855–56 and 1861–62. [23] John Platt was elected in 1865 to become Member of Parliament for Oldham, and was re-elected in 1868; he remained in office until his death in 1872. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Oldham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Oldham, in the historic county of Lancashire and the modern county of Greater Manchester [11] A bronze statue of Platt existed in the town centre for years, though was moved to Alexandra Park. Alexandra Park is a public Park in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. There have been recommendations for it to be returned to the town centre. [9]
Abraham Henthorn Stott, the son of a stonemason, was born in nearby Shaw and Crompton in 1822. The craft of stonemasonry has existed since the dawn of Civilization - creating Buildings structures and Sculpture using stone from the earth Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [3] He served a seven-year apprenticeship with Sir Charles Barry, before starting a structural engineering practice in Oldham in 1847 that went on to become the pre-eminent mill architect firm in Lancashire. Sir Charles Barry FRS ( 23 May 1795 &ndash 12 May 1860) was an English Architect, best known for his role Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea [3] Philip Sydney Stott, third son of Abraham and later titled as Sir Philip Stott, 1st Baronet, was the most prominent and famous of the Stott mill architects. Sir Philip Sidney Stott 1st Baronet ( 20 February 1858 &ndash 31 March 1937) was an English Architect, Civil engineer [3] He established his own practice in 1883 and designed over a hundred mills in several countries. His factories, which improved upon his father's fireproof mills, accounted for a 40% increase in Oldham's spindles between 1887 and 1914. "Fireproof" redirects here For the album see Fireproof (album. [3]
Although textile-related engineering declined with the processing industry, leading to the demise of both Stotts and Platts, other engineering firms existed, notably electrical and later electronic engineers Ferranti in 1896. Ferranti or Ferranti International plc was a major UK Electrical engineering and equipment firm known primarily for defence Electronics and [18] Ferranti went into receivership in 1993, but some of its former works continue in other hands, notably the original Hollinwood site now operated by Siemens. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [18]
Coal mining
On the back of the Industrial Revolution, Oldham developed an extensive coal mining sector, correlated to supporting the local cotton industry and the town's inhabitants, though there is evidence of small scale coal mining in the area as early as the 16th century. [24] The Oldham Coalfield stretched from Royton in the north to Bardsley in the south and in addition to Oldham, included the towns of Middleton and Chadderton to the west. A coalfield is an area of certain uniform characteristics where coal is mined Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Bardsley is a suburban area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Middleton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. [24] The Oldham Coalfield was the site of over 150 collieries during its recorded history. Recorded history can be defined as History that has been written down or recorded by the use of Language, whereas History is a more general term referring [24]
Although some contemporary sources suggest there was coal mining in Oldham at a commercial scale by 1738,[24] older sources attribute the commercial expansion of coal mining with the arrival in the town of two Welsh labourers, John Evans and William Jones, around 1770. The Welsh people ( Welsh: Cymro ("Welshman" Cymraes ("Welsh woman" Cymry ("Welshmen/women" Cymry [11] Foreseeing the growth in demand for coal as a source of motive and steam power, they acquired colliery rights for Oldham, which by 1771 had 14 colliers. [11] The mines were largely to the southwest of the town around Hollinwood and Werneth and provided enough coal to accelerate Oldham's rapid development at the centre of the cotton boom. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities At its height in the mid-19th century, when it was dominated by the Lees and Jones families, Oldham coal was mainly sourced from many small collieries whose lives varied from a few years to many decades, although two of the four largest collieries survived to nationalisation. The National Coal Board (NCB was the Statutory Corporation created to run the nationalised Coal mining industry in Britain. [25][24] In 1851, collieries employed over 2,000 men in Oldham,[25] although the amount of coal in the town was somewhat overestimated however, and production began to decline even before that of the local spinning industry. [24] Today, the only visible remnants of the mines are disused shafts and boreholes. [24]
Social history
Oldham's social history, like that of other former unenfranchised towns, is marked by politicised civil disturbances, as well as events related to the Luddite, Suffragette and other Labour movements from the working classes. Social history is an area of historical study considered by some to be a Social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918 was the result of centuries of development in different kinds of constituencies Civil disorder, also known as civil unrest, is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people The Luddites were a Social movement of British Textile artisans in the early Nineteenth century who protested&mdashoften by destroying mechanized Suffragette is a term originally coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for the more radical and Militant members of the The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types [8][22] There has been a significant presence of "friendly societies". A friendly society (sometimes called a mutual society, benevolent society or fraternal organization) is a mutual association for insurance-like [26][11]
It has been put that the people of Oldham became radical in politics in the early part of the 19th century, and movements suspected of sedition found patronage in the town. This is about the law term For other uses see Sedition (disambiguation Sedition is a term of Law which refers to covert conduct [8] Oldham was frequently disturbed by bread and labour riots, facilitated by periods of scarcity and the disturbance of employment following the introduction of cotton-spinning machinery. Cotton-spinning machinery refers to Machines which process (or spin raw Cotton into workable Yarn or thread [8] On 20 April 1812, a "large crowd of riotous individuals" compelled local retailers to sell foods at a loss, whilst on the same day Luddites numbering in their thousands, many of whom were from Oldham, attacked a cotton mill in nearby Middleton. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Luddites were a Social movement of British Textile artisans in the early Nineteenth century who protested&mdashoften by destroying mechanized Middleton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. [10] On 16 August 1819, Oldham sent a contingent estimated at well above 10,000 to hear speakers in St Peter's Fields at Manchester discuss political reform. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year [27] It was the largest contingent sent to Manchester. [28] John Lees, a cotton operative and ex-soldier who had fought at Waterloo, was one of the fifteen victims of the Peterloo Massacre which followed. In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium The Peterloo Massacre (or Battle of Peterloo) occurred at St Peter's Field Manchester, England on 16 August 1819 when cavalry charged into The 'Oldham inquest' which proceeded the massacre was anxiously watched; the Court of King's Bench, however, decided that the proceedings were irregular, and the jury were discharged without giving a verdict. The Queen's Bench (or during the reign of a male monarch the King's Bench) is the superior court in a number of jurisdictions within some of the Commonwealth realms [8] Annie Kenney, born in nearby Springhead, and who worked in Oldham's cotton mills, was a notable of the Suffragette movement credited with sparking off suffragette militancy when she heckled Winston Churchill, and later (with Emmeline Pankhurst) the first Suffragist to be imprisoned. Annie Kenney ( September 13, 1879 – July 9, 1953) was an English Working-class Suffragette who is credited Springhead is a small settled locality within the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Suffragette is a term originally coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for the more radical and Militant members of the Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden; 15 July 1858 14 June 1928 was a political activist and leader of the British Suffragette movement Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally Oldham Women's Suffrage Society was established in 1910 with Margery Lees as president and quickly joined the Manchester and District Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS also known as the Suffragists (not to be confused with the Suffragettes was an organisation of Women's [29] The Chartist and Co-operative movements had strong support in the town, whilst many Oldhamers protested against the emancipation of slaves. For chartism in financial markets see Technical analysis, and for the British socialist journal see Chartist (magazine Chartism was The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of Cooperatives Although cooperative arrangements such as Mutual insurance, and principles The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World [22] The Riot Act was read in 1852 on election day following a mass public brawl over the Reform Act,[30] and irregularities with parliamentary candidate nominations. The Riot Act (1 Geo 1 c 5 of 1714 was an act introduced by the Parliament of Great Britain authorising local authorities to declare any group of Results |} Note that while the Conservatives had in theory a slim majority over the Whigs the party was divided between protectionist and Peelite wings of which the former In the United Kingdom, Reform Act is a generic term used for legislation concerning electoral matters [11]
For three days in late May 2001, Oldham became the centre of national and international media attention. Following high profile race-related conflicts, and long-term underlying racial tensions between local white and South Asian communities, major race riots broke out in the town. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Race Riot is a 1929 animated Short subject, featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Occurring with particular intensity in the Glodwick area of the town, the Oldham Riots were the worst racially-motivated riots in the United Kingdom for fifteen years prior, briefly eclipsing the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland in the media. Glodwick (pronounced Glod-ick) is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The Oldham Riots were a short but intense period of violent Rioting which occurred in Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England in May 2001 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of [31] At least 20 people were injured in the riots, including 15 police officers, and 37 people were arrested. Similar riots took place in other towns in northern England over the following days and weeks. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line The 2001 riots prompted governmental and independent inquiries, which collectively agreed on community relations improvements and considerable regeneration schemes for the town. [31][32]
Governance
Civic history
Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Oldham was recorded in 1212 as being one of five parts of the thegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf of King John by Roger de Montbegon and William de Nevill. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea See also Lancashire The History of Lancashire begins with its establishment as a county of England in 1182, making it one of the youngest A thegn or thane was an attendant servant retainer or official in Early Medieval Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon culture. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Roger de Montbegon (d 1225 / 6) was a landowner in Northern England (especially or particularly Lancashire) Baron Montbegon of Horneby [11][8] The other parts of this estate were Crompton, Glodwick, Sholver, and Werneth. Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Glodwick (pronounced Glod-ick) is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Sholver is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England An elevated residential area it lies near the middle of the Oldham part of the valley of the Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities [12] Oldham later formed a township within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salford. In England, township (latin - vill) usually means a village or hamlet Prestwich-cum-Oldham (also known as Prestwich with Oldham) was an ancient Parish of the hundred of Salford, within the historic county boundaries The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. [1][8]
In 1826 commissioners for the social and economic improvement of Oldham were established. [1] The town was made part of a parliamentary borough, in 1832, though it was in 1849 when Oldham was incorporated as a municipal borough, giving it Borough status in the United Kingdom,[1][11] and in 1850 the Borough Council obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners. Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division usually covering urban areas that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern [1] In 1880 the Hollinwood and Crossbank parts of Chadderton and Ashton-under-Lyne townships were added to the Borough of Oldham. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Crossbank is an area of Lees, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England [1] Oldham Above Town and Oldham Below Town were, from 1851 until c. Oldham Above Town was from 1851 until c1881 a statistical unit used for the gathering and organising of Civil registration information and output of Census information Oldham Below Town was from 1851 until c1881 a statistical unit used for the gathering and organising of Civil registration information and output of Census information 1881, statistical units used for the gathering and organising of civil registration information, and output of census data. Civil registration is the system with which a Government records the vital events of its Citizens The primary purpose of civil registration is to create legal A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population
When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888, Oldham was elevated to become the County Borough of Oldham and was effectively a unitary authority area exempt from the administration of Lancashire County Council. Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough Oldham was from 1849 to 1974 a Local government district in the northwest of England. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Lancashire County Council is the upper-tier Local authority for the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. [1] In 1951 parts of Alt, Bardsley and Woodhouses civil parishes were added to the County Borough of Oldham, and in 1954 other parts of these same civil parishes were added to it. Bardsley is a suburban area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. Since 1961, Oldham has been twinned with Kranj in Slovenia. (Krainburg is the third largest municipality and fourth largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 53000 (2007 Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west [34] Under the Local Government Act 1972, the town's autonomous County borough status was abolished, and Oldham has, since 1 April 1974, formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, within the Metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 [1]
Parliamentary representation
The boundaries of two parliamentary constituencies divide Oldham: Oldham East and Saddleworth, and Oldham West and Royton (which includes the town centre), represented by Labour Members of Parliament Phil Woolas and Michael Meacher respectively. In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly Oldham East and Saddleworth is a Constituency in Greater Manchester represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Oldham West and Royton is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Philip James Woolas, known as Phil Woolas, (born 11 December 1959 in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England is a politician in the United Kingdom Michael Hugh Meacher (born November 4 1939) is a British Labour party Politician, and Member of Parliament (MP for [35][36]
Created as a parliamentary borough in 1832, Oldham's first parliamentary representatives were the radicals William Cobbett and John Fielden. Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division usually covering urban areas that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system For opposition to all forms of government social hierarchy or authority see Anarchism. William Cobbett ( 9 March 1763 &ndash 18 June 1835) was an English political pamphleter Farmer and prolific John Fielden (17 January 1784 &ndash 29 May 1849 also known as Honest John Fielden, he was a British social reformer and benefactor [37] Winston Churchill began his political career in Oldham. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Although unsuccessful at his first attempt in 1899, Churchill was elected as the member of Parliament for the Oldham parliamentary borough constituency in the 1900 general election. Oldham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Oldham, in the historic county of Lancashire and the modern county of Greater Manchester The United Kingdom general election of 1900 was held from 25 September to 24 October 1900 [38] He held the constituency for the Conservative Party until the 1906 general election, when he won the election for Manchester North West as a Liberal MP. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom general election of 1906 was held from 12 January to 8 February 1906 Manchester North West was one of several Parliamentary constituencies created in 1885 from the former Manchester constituency. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party After he became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1940, Churchill was made a Honorary Freeman of the Borough of Oldham, on April 2, 1941. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom The Honorary Freedom of Boroughs Act 1885 is a law passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [11]
Geography
- Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester
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| temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: Records and averages. The geography of Greater Manchester is dominated by one of the United Kingdom 's largest Metropolitan areas and in this capacity the landlocked Metropolitan county Yahoo! Weather (2007). |
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Imperial conversion
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At (53. 5444°, -2. 1169°), and 164 miles (264 km) north-northwest of London, Oldham stands 700 feet (213 m) above sea level, 6. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface 9 miles (11. 1 km) northeast of Manchester City Centre, on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. The River Medlock is a River of Greater Manchester in north west England that flows for 10 miles before joining the River Irwell in central Saddleworth and the South Pennines are close to the east, whilst on all other sides, Oldham is bound by smaller towns, including Ashton-under-Lyne, Chadderton, Failsworth, Royton and Shaw and Crompton, with little or no green space between them. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England The South Pennines are a region of Moorland and hill country in the North of England. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Oldham experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year. [15]
The topography of Oldham is characterised by its rugged, elevated Pennine terrain. Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets In Geology, an upland is generally considered to be land that is along streams and at a higher Elevation than the Alluvial plain or Stream The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. [3][39] Oldham, with an extreme length from southwest to northeast of over 4 miles (6. 4 km), has an area of 25. 9 square miles (67. 1 km²). [8] The geology of Oldham is represented by the millstone grit and coal measures series of rocks. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Gritstone — otherwise called Millstone grit — is a Sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains with inclusions of small stones The Coal Measures is a lithostratigraphical term used mainly in the British Isles for the coal-bearing part of the Upper Carboniferous System [15] The River Beal, flowing northwards, forms the boundary between Oldham on one side and Royton and Shaw and Crompton on the other. The Beal is a small river in Greater Manchester, England, and is a tributary of the River Roch. Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England To the east of this river the surface rises, to a height of 1,225 feet (373 m), being attained at Woodward Hill on the border with the parish of Saddleworth. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England [8] The rest of the surface is hilly, the average height decreasing towards the southwest to Failsworth and the city of Manchester. Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The ridge called Oldham Edge, 800 feet (244 m) high, comes southward from Royton into the centre of the town. [8]
Oldham's built environment is characterised by its 19th century red-brick terraced houses, the infrastructure that was built to support these and the town's former cotton mills – which mark the town's skyline. The phrase built environment refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton [21] The urban structure of Oldham is irregular when compared to most towns in England, its form restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain. Urban structure is the arrangement of land use in urban areas This is a link page for towns and cities in England. Traditionally in England Wales and Northern Ireland a town is any settlement which has received a charter of incorporation more [39][8] There are irregularly constructed residential dwellings and streets loosely centred around a central business district in the town centre, which is the local centre of commerce. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The town centre is the term used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and mainland Europe to refer to the commercial or Geographical centre of In 1849, Angus Reach of Inverness said:
The visitor to Oldham will find it essentially a mean-looking straggling town, built upon both sides and crowning the ridge of one of the outlying spurs which branch from Manchester, the neighbouring "backbone of England". Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. The whole place has a shabby underdone look. The general appearance of the operatives' houses is filthy and smouldering. [40]
—Angus Reach, Morning Chronicle, 1849
In the 1870s, John Marius Wilson described Oldham as consisting of:
. . . numerous streets, and contains numerous fine buildings, both public and private; but, in a general view, is irregularly constructed, presents the dingy aspect of a crowded seat of manufacture, and is more notable for factories than for any other feature. [37]
—John Marius Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–1872)
Although Oldham had a thriving economy during the 19th century, the local merchants were broadly reluctant to spend on civic institutions, and so the town lacks the grandeur seen in comparable nearby towns like Bolton or Huddersfield;[9][41] public expenditure was seen as an overhead that undermined the competitiveness of the town. The Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales is a substantial topographical Dictionary first published between 1870 and 1872 edited by the Reverend Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Huddersfield ( is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, 190 miles (306km north [22] Subsequently, Oldham's architecture has been described as "mediocre". [41] The town has no listed buildings with a Grade I rating. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance [42]
There is a mixture of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Oldham. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time There is some permanent grassland but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is urban. Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. The territory of Oldham is contiguous with other towns on all sides except for a small section along its eastern and southern boundaries, and for purposes of the Office for National Statistics, forms the fourth largest settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area,[43][44] the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other The M60 motorway passes through the southwest of Oldham, through Hollinwood, and a heavy rail line enters Oldham from the same direction, travelling northeast to the town centre before heading northwards through Derker towards Shaw and Crompton. The M60 motorway is an orbital Motorway circling Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Derker is an area of Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England.
.jpg/800px-Oldham_panorama_(crop).jpg)
Divisions and suburbs
Many of Oldham's present divisions and suburbs have origins as pre-industrial hamlets, manorial commons and ancient chapelries. [11] Some, such as Moorside, exist as recently constructed residential suburbia, whilst places like Hollinwood exist as electoral wards[45] and thoroughly industrialised districts. Moorside is a district of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Throughout most of its recorded history, Oldham was surrounded by large swathes of moorland, which is reflected in the placenames of Moorside, Greenacres moor, Littlemoor, Northmoor amongst others. Recorded history can be defined as History that has been written down or recorded by the use of Language, whereas History is a more general term referring Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils Greenacres (pronounced locally as "Grinnicres") or archaically Greenacres Moor, is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester
A large portion of Oldham's residences are "low value"[9] Victorian era Accrington red-brick terraced houses in a row formation,[22] built for the most part from 1870 to 1920, to house the town's cotton mill workers. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton [30] There is more modern housing in the semi-rural east of the town, in areas such as Moorside,[46] although terraces are found in almost all parts of Oldham. Moorside is a district of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England.
One of the oldest recorded named places of Oldham is Hathershaw, occurring in a deed for 1280 with the spelling Halselinechaw Clugh. Hathershaw is an area of Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England. [11] Existing as a manor in the 15th century, Hathershaw Hall was the home of a Royalist family in the 17th century who lost part of their possessions due to the English Civil War. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. [11] Waterhead, an upland area in the east of Oldham, traces its roots to a water cornmill over the border in Lees. Waterhead (or archaically, Waterhead Mill) is a locality and electoral ward within the east of the town of Oldham, in Greater Manchester Lees (pop 10100 is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [13] Recorded originally as Watergate and Waterhead Milne, it was for a long time a hamlet in the parish of Oldham that formed a significant part of the Oldham Above Town registration sub-district. Oldham Above Town was from 1851 until c1881 a statistical unit used for the gathering and organising of Civil registration information and output of Census information Derker was recorded as a place of residence in 1604 with the name Dirtcar. Derker is an area of Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England. [11] Bound by Higginshaw to the north, Derker is the location of Derker railway station and, said to have terraced residencies "unsuited to modern needs", is currently being redeveloped as part of the Housing Market Renewal Initiative. Derker railway station is a railway station in Derker, an area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. The Housing Market Renewal Initiative ( HMRI) is a package of policies in the United Kingdom aimed to improve housing in England [47] Coldhurst, an area along Oldham's northern boundary with Royton, was once a chapelry and the site of considerable industry and commerce, including coal mining, cotton spinning and hat manufacture. Coldhurst (or more rarely Cold Hurst) is an area of Oldham and an Electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton [48] It is said to have been the scene of an action in the English Civil War in which the Parliamentarians were defeated. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. [48]
Demography
- Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester
| Oldham compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Census 2001 | Oldham | Oldham (Met. District) | England |
| Total population | 103,544 | 217,273 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 15% | 8. The Demography of Greater Manchester is charactered by a number of trends recorded amongst its multicultural agglomoration of 2 A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. 2% | 9. 2% |
| White | 71% | 86% | 91% |
| Asian | 27% | 12% | 4. 6% |
| Black | 0. 9% | 0. 6% | 2. 3% |
| Christian | 58% | 73% | 72% |
| Muslim | 25% | 11% | 3. 1% |
| Hindu | 1. 1% | 0. 1% | 1. 1% |
| No religion | 8. 3% | 8. 9% | 15% |
| Over 65 years old | 12% | 14% | 16% |
| Unemployed | 5. 5% | 3. 7% | 3. 3% |
According to data from the United Kingdom Census 2001, Oldham had a total resident population of 103,544, making it the 55th most populous settlement in England, and the 5th most populous settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the [7] This figure in conjunction with its area provides Oldham with a population density of 3,998 people per square mile (1,544 per km²). Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The local population has been described as broadly "working class"; the middle classes tending to live in outlying settlements. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. [22]
Oldham, considered as a combination of the 2001 electoral wards of Alexandra,[49] Coldhurst,[50] Hollinwood,[51] St. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Coldhurst (or more rarely Cold Hurst) is an area of Oldham and an Electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England James,[52] St. Marys,[53] St. Pauls,[54] Waterhead[55] and Werneth,[56] has an average age of 33. Waterhead (or archaically, Waterhead Mill) is a locality and electoral ward within the east of the town of Oldham, in Greater Manchester Werneth is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England It is west-southwest of Oldham's commercial centre and one of Oldham's most ancient localities 5, and compared against the average demography of the United Kingdom, has a high level of people of South Asian heritage, particularly those with roots in Pakistan and Bangladesh. According to the 2001 census the total population of the United Kingdom was 58789194 - the third-largest in the European Union (behind Germany and metropolitan Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Due to the town's prevalence as an industrial centre and thus a hub for employment, Oldham attracted migrant workers throughout its history, including those from wider-England, Scotland, Ireland and Poland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland [57] During the 1950s and 1960s, in an attempt to fill the shortfall of workers and revitalise local industries, citizens of the wider Commonwealth of Nations were encouraged to migrate to Oldham and other British towns. Since the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 there has been substantial Immigration from other parts of The world. [57] Many came from the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent and settled throughout the Oldham borough. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. [57] Today, Oldham has large communities with heritage from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and parts of the Caribbean. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and [57] At the time of the 2001 census, over one in four of its residents identified themselves as from a South Asian or British Asian ethnic group. British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Cultural divisions along ethnic backgrounds are strong within the town,[22] with poor cross-community integration and cohesion along Asian and white backgrounds. [22]
With only a small local population during medieval times, as a result of the introduction of industry, mass migration of village workers into Oldham occurred,[11] resulting in a population change from under 2,000 in 1714[10][58] to 12,000 in 1801 to 137,000 in 1901. [14] In 1851 its population of 52,820 made Oldham the 12th most populous town in England. [59] The following is a table outlining the population change of the town since 1801, which demonstrates a trend of rapid population growth in the 19th century and, after peaking at 147,483 people in 1911, a trend of general decline in population size during the 20th century.
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1991 | 2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 12,024 | 16,690 | 21,662 | 32,381 | 42,595 | 52,820 | 72,333 | 82,629 | 111,349 | 131,463 | 137,246 | 147,483 | 144,983 | 140,314 | 120,511 | 121,266 | 115,346 | 105,922 | 103,931 | 103,544 |
| Sources: A Vision of Britain through Time Bateson, H. (1949). A Centenary History of Oldham, 232. [11] |
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Economy
For years Oldham's economy was heavily dependent on manufacturing industry, especially textiles and mechanical engineering. [60][61] Since the deindustrialisation of Oldham in the mid-20th century, these industries have been replaced by home shopping, publishing, healthcare and food processing sectors, though factory-generated employment retains a significant presence. Deindustrialization (also spelled deindustrialisation) is a process of Social and Economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial Home Shopping commonly refers to the electronic retailing / home Shopping channels industry which includes such billion dollar companies as HSN, QVC, Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by [60] Many of the modern sectors are low-skill and low-wage. [22]
Park Cake Bakeries, recently sold as part of a large shake-up by the Northern Foods Group, have a large food processing centre in Hathershaw, which employs in excess of 1,600 people. Hathershaw is an area of Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England. Over 90% of the cakes produced go to Marks & Spencer. Cake is a form of Food that is usually sweet and often baked. Marks & Spencer Group plc (also M&S, Marks and Sparks, and Marks) is a British Retailer with 843 stores in more than 30 [62][63] Long existing as an industrial district, Hollinwood is home to the Northern Counties Housing Association,[64] and Mirror Colour Print Ltd; the printing division of the Trinity Mirror group, which prints and distributes 36 major newspapers, and employs 500 staff. Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic Heavy industry ( Ship-building, Coal mining, Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Trinity Mirror plc is a large United Kingdom Newspaper and Magazine publisher [65]
Oldham's town centre contains the highest concentration of retailing, cultural facilities and employment in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. [9] It has been extensively redeveloped during the last few decades, and its two shopping centres, Town Square and The Spindles, now provide one of the largest covered retail areas in Greater Manchester. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 [66] The Spindles (named with reference to textile spindles) is a modern shopping centre with over 40 retailers, banks, building societies and catering outlets. A spindle (sometimes called a drop spindle) is a Wooden spike weighted at one end with a circular Whorl; it may have an optional hook at either end of the A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors It houses one of Europe's largest stained glass roofs, created by local artist Brian Clarke in celebration of the music of one of Oldham's famous sons, composer and conductor Sir William Walton. Brian Clarke (born in Oldham Lancashire, England, July 2, 1953) is a British Artist known for his work in Stained A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures Sir William Turner Walton, OM ( March 29, 1902 &ndash March 8, 1983) was a British Composer and [67]
Ferranti Technologies is an electronic, electromechanical and electrical engineering company based in Waterhead. Ferranti or Ferranti International plc was a major UK Electrical engineering and equipment firm known primarily for defence Electronics and Waterhead (or archaically, Waterhead Mill) is a locality and electoral ward within the east of the town of Oldham, in Greater Manchester [68]
A number of culinary and medical advances have been developed in Oldham. There are claims that Oldham was the birthplace of the first chip shop. Fish and chips (sometimes written " fish ’n’ chips " is a popular Take-away food originating from the United Kingdom. [69][70] The sometimes disputed claim of trade in deep-fried chipped potatoes is said to have been started in around 1858–60 from an outlet owned by a John Lees, on what is the present site of Oldham's Tommyfield Market. [71][72] Rag Pudding is a savoury dish said to be native to Oldham. Rag Pudding is an old fashioned savoury dish originated in Oldham, popular in Lancashire, England. [73] Yates Wine Lodge was founded in Oldham by Peter and Simon Yates in 1884. Yates's is a British Pub chain, founded as Yates Wine Lodge in Oldham, Lancashire, England by Peter and Simon Yates in [21]
The tubular bandage was invented and developed in Oldham in 1961. A bandage is a piece of material used either to support a medical device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to the body [74] That "vital contribution to advancing medical science" resulted from a collaboration between local firm Seton and a cotton manufacturer in the town.
Landmarks
Town Hall
Oldham's Old Town Hall is a Grade II listed Georgian neo-classical town hall built in 1841,[75] eight years before Oldham received its borough status. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern [76] One of the last purpose built town halls in northwest England,[22] it has a tetrastyle Ionic portico, copied from the temple of Ceres, on the River Ilissos, near Athens. The Ionic order column forms one of the three '''orders''' or '''organizational systems''' of Classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns The Ilissos or Ilissus was a river in Ancient Greece. Now it has been largely canalised into underground routes Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's [37] Sir Winston Churchill made his inaugural acceptance speech from the steps of the town hall when he was first elected as a Conservative MP in 1900. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 A Blue Plaque on the exterior of the building commemorates the event. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event
Long existing as the political centre of the town, the structure has stood empty since the mid 1980s, but has regularly been earmarked for redevelopment as part of regeneration project proposals. [76][77][9]
War memorial
Erected as a permanent memorial to the men of Oldham who were killed in World War I, Oldham's war memorial consists of a granite base surmounted by a bronze sculpture depicting five soldiers making their way along the trenches in order to go into battle. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus [78] The main standing figure, having climbed out of the trenches, is shown calling on his comrades to advance. The base serves to house books containing the roll of honour of the 1st, 10th and 24th Battalions, Manchester Regiment. The Manchester Regiment was a regiment of the British army, formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 63rd Regiment of Foot and the 96th Regiment of Foot The pedestal has two bronze doors at either side. [78]
Commissioned in 1919 by the Oldham War Memorial Committee, the memorial was designed and built by Albert Toft. Albert Toft (1862 Handsworth, Birmingham - 1949 Worthing, Sussex) was a British sculptor. [79] It was unveiled by General Sir Ian Hamilton on April 28, 1923, before a crowd estimated at over 10,000. General Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton GCB GCMG DSO TD (16 January 1853 &mdash 12 October 1947 was a general in the British Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [78] The monument was intended to symbolise the spirit of 1914–1918. [11]
The inscriptions on the memorial read:
- Over doors: "Mors Januva Vitae, 1914-1918" (death is the gate of life)
- Opposite side: "To God Be The Praise"
Civic Centre
The Civic Centre tower is the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham's centre of local governance. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The 15-storey white-brick building has housed the vast majority of the local government's offices since its completion in 1977. Standing at the summit of the town, the tower stands over 200 feet (61 m) high. [80] It was designed by Cecil Howitt & Partners,[9] and the topping out ceremony was held on 18 June 1976. In building Construction, topping out, or topping off, is a ceremony held when the last beam is placed at the top of a building Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [20] The Civic Centre can be seen as far away as Salford, Trafford, Wythenshawe and Winter Hill in Lancashire, and offers panoramic views across the city of Manchester and the Cheshire Plain. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Wythenshawe (pop 66000 is a district in the south of the City of Manchester in North West England. The Cheshire Plain is a flat Boulder clay plain situated entirely within Cheshire.
Parish Church
- See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester
The Oldham Parish Church of St. Mary with St. Peter, in its present form, dates from 1830 and was designed in the Gothic Revival Style by Richard Lane, a Manchester born Architect. The Oldham Parish Church of St Mary with St Peter is the Church of England Parish church for Oldham in Greater Manchester, England The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began [58] It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance [81] It was linked with the church of St Mary the Virgin, Prestwich and together the sites were principal churches of the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham. The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin is a Grade I listed building in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England. Prestwich-cum-Oldham (also known as Prestwich with Oldham) was an ancient Parish of the hundred of Salford, within the historic county boundaries [58]
A church building had existed on the site since 1280. [58] During this time, a small chapel stood on the site to serve the local townships of Oldham, Chadderton, Royton and Crompton. Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England This was later replaced by an Early English Gothic church in the 15th century. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. [58] With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the population of Oldham increased at a rapid rate (from under 2,000 in 1714, to over 32,000 by 1831). [58] The rapid growth of the local population warranted that the building be rebuilt in to the current structure. Though the budget was originally agreed at £5,000,[9] the final cost of building was £30,000, one third of which was spent on the crypt structure. [58] Alternative designs by Sir Charles Barry, the designer of the Palace of Westminster, although now regarded by some as superior, were rejected. Sir Charles Barry FRS ( 23 May 1795 &ndash 12 May 1860) was an English Architect, best known for his role [58][9] The Church, of the Anglican denomination, is in active use for worship, and forms part of the Diocese of Manchester. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Diocese of Manchester is a Diocese of the Church of England in the Province of York. [58]
Transport
The geography of Oldham constrained the development of major transport infrastructure. [59] It has been put that "if it had not grown substantially before the railway age it would surely have been overlooked". [59] Oldham has never been on a main line railway route, and canals too have only been able to serve it from a distance. [59]
A principal destination along the Oldham Loop Line, Oldham once had six railway stations but now has four (Oldham Central and Glodwick Road having closed), Oldham Werneth, Oldham Mumps, Derker and Hollinwood. The Manchester to Rochdale via Oldham line or Oldham Loop Line is a local railway route in Greater Manchester, England used by trains that run from Manchester |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Oldham Central Railway Station was one of 5 stations in the town of Oldham. Glodwick Road railway station was one of 5 stations that served the town of Oldham. Oldham Werneth railway station is a small railway station on the Oldham Loop Line, 10 km (6¼ miles north east of Manchester Victoria. Oldham Mumps Railway Station is the main railway station of the Town of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Derker railway station is a railway station in Derker, an area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. Hollinwood railway station is a railway station in south-western Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The train from Manchester Victoria station must climb steeply through much of its 6-mile (9. Manchester Victoria station is the second of Manchester 's mainline railway stations 7 km) route, from around 100 feet (30. 5 m) at Manchester city centre to around 600 feet (182. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. 9 m) at Oldham Mumps. [59] Oldham Mumps takes its name from being within the Mumps area of Oldham, which itself probably derived from the archaic word "mumper" which was slang for a beggar. "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. [82] It is planned to convert the Oldham Loop Line to part of the Manchester Metrolink tram network. Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink [9]
Oldham has had electric tramways to Manchester in the past; the first tram was driven from Manchester into Oldham in 1900 by the Lord Mayor of Manchester. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of Manchester in the North [20] The system came to an end on 3 August 1946, however. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [11] The £3. 3m Oldham Bus Station has frequent bus services to Manchester, Rochdale, Ashton-under-Lyne and Middleton with other services to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Tameside, and across the Pennines to Huddersfield in West Yorkshire. Oldham Bus Station is a bus station located in the town of Oldham in Greater Manchester. The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. Huddersfield ( is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, 190 miles (306km north West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of [83] The roof canopy is supported internally on two rows of steel trees. The extensive use of glass and stainless steel maximises visibility, and there is a carefully co-ordinated family of information fittings, posters and seating, using robust natural materials for floors and plinths. [83] The bus station is used by National Express coaches. National Express Group plc ( is a UK -based Transport group with headquarters in London that operates Bus, coach, rail First Manchester, FirstGroup plc's bus operator for north-Greater Manchester, has its headquarters in Oldham. First Manchester is one of the bus companies serving Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. FirstGroup plc ( is a Scottish Transport company operating in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Canada, USA Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 [84]
Oldham is about 4 miles (6. 4 km) south of the major M62 motorway, but is linked to it by the M60 at Hollinwood, and A627(M) via Chadderton. The M62 motorway is a west&ndasheast trans-Pennine Motorway in northern England, connecting the cities of Liverpool and Hull The M60 motorway is an orbital Motorway circling Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England The A627(M is a Motorway that runs between Oldham and Rochdale in Greater Manchester, England. Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. There are major A roads to Ashton-under-Lyne, Huddersfield, Manchester, and Rochdale. The Great Britain road numbering scheme is a Numbering system used to classify and identify all Roads in Great Britain. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England Huddersfield ( is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, 190 miles (306km north Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England [11]
The Hollinwood Branch of the Ashton Canal was a canal that ran from Fairfield in Droylsden, through Littlemoss and Daisy Nook Country Park to the Hollinwood area of Oldham, with a branch from Daisy Nook to the Fairbottom Branch Canal. The Hollinwood Branch Canal was a canal near Hollinwood, in Oldham The Ashton Canal is a Canal built in Greater Manchester in Northern England. Fairfield is a common place name in several English-speaking countries Droylsden is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Daisy Nook is a Country park in the town of Failsworth, in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Hollinwood is an area of Oldham, and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England The Fairbottom Branch Canal was a canal near Ashton-under-Lyne in England. [85] The canal was mainly used for the haulage of coal until it fell into disuse for commercial traffic in the 1930s. [86] It included four aqueducts and a two-rise lock staircase.
Sports
Oldham Roughyeds was established in 1876 as Oldham Rugby League Club,[22] and Oldham Athletic Football Club in 1895 as Pine Villa Football Club. Oldham Roughyeds are a British Rugby league club currently playing in the League Two of the National Leagues. Oldham Athletic Football Club (2004 Ltd, more commonly Oldham Athletic Football Club or informally Oldham Athletic, is an English football club Oldham Athletic have achieved both league and cup successes, particularly under Joe Royle in the 1990s. Joseph "Joe" Royle (born 8 April 1949 in Liverpool) is an English football manager and former player [22] They were Football League runners-up in the last season before the outbreak of the First World War, but were relegated from the Football League First Division in 1923. The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Football League First Division was the highest division of The Football League between 1993 and 2004 and the highest division of English football overall between They reached the Football League Cup final in 1990 and won the Football League Second Division title in 1991, ending 68 years outside the top flight. The Football League Cup, commonly known as the League Cup, is an English football competition From 1892 until 1992 the Football League Second Division was the second highest division overall in English football. They secured their top division status a year later to become founder members of the new Premier League,[74] but were relegated after two seasons despite reaching that year's FA Cup semi-finals. The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after They are currently playing Football League One, the third tier of the English league. Football League One (often referred to as League One for short or Coca-Cola Football League 1 for sponsorship reasons is the second-highest division of The Football The club's current manager is John Sheridan, and they play at Boundary Park which is the current site of proposed regeneration. John Joseph Sheridan (born 1 October 1964) is an English -born former Republic of Ireland international professional footballer, now Boundary Park is the main Sports Stadium of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [22] Oldham Town Football Club was established in 1964, and plays in the North West Counties Football League Division Two. Oldham Town Football Club is an English Association football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Overview The league was formed in 1982 by the merger of the Cheshire County League and the Lancashire Combination.
Renamed in 1997 to Oldham Roughyeds, Oldham Rugby League Club has received several club honours during its history,[87] winning the Rugby League Championship five times and Rugby League Challenge Cup three times. Oldham Roughyeds are a British Rugby league club currently playing in the League Two of the National Leagues. The Rugby League Championship was the major professional competition organised by the Rugby Football League in Great Britain. The Challenge Cup (as of 2008 known as the Carnegie Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons is a knockout cup competition for Rugby league clubs across Europe [87] They played at Watersheddings for years before joining Oldham Athletic at Boundary Park. Watersheddings is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Boundary Park is the main Sports Stadium of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [87] Oldham has league cricket teams with a number of semi-professional league clubs including Oldham CC, and Werneth CC in the Central Lancashire League. Honours First Division 1909 1916 1957 1979 1982 Wood Cup 1943 1979 1983 1985 1988 Second Division 1902 1930 1944 Werneth Cricket Club, based in the Werneth area of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, are an English Cricket team currently
Education
- See also: List of schools in Oldham
Almost every part of Oldham is served by a school of some kind, some with religious affiliations. According to the Office for Standards in Education, schools within the town perform at mixed levels. The Blue Coat School, which dates from 1834,[88] is consistently Oldham's top performing secondary school for 11- to 16-year-olds, and has a sixth form college of further education for 16- to 18-year-olds on the same site. The Blue Coat School is a mixed gender Voluntary aided Church of England Secondary school and Sixth form for 11 - 18 year olds located A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from
Oldham produced someone who is considered[6] to be one of the greatest benefactors of education for the nation, Hugh Oldham, who in 1504 was appointed as Bishop of Exeter, and later went on to found what is now Manchester Grammar School. Hugh Oldham was born around 1450 - most likely in the town of Oldham in Lancashire, England, although some accounts claim he was born in nearby Manchester The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter The Manchester Grammar School ( MGS) is an independent boys' school (ages 9-18 in Fallowfield, Manchester, England.
University Centre Oldham is a centre for higher education and a sister campus of the University of Huddersfield. The University of Huddersfield is a University in the town of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The University of Huddersfield is a University in the town of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It was opened in May 2005 by actor Patrick Stewart, the centre's Chancellor. Patrick Hewes Stewart, OBE (born 13 July 1940 is an English Film, Television and stage Actor. [89] The University Centre Oldham presented actress Shobna Gulati and artist, Brian Clarke (both born in Oldham) with an Honorary Doctorate of Letters at the Graduation Ceremony of November 2006, for their achievements and contributions to Oldham and its community. Shobna Gulati (born 7 August 1966) is an English actress, Writer and Dancer of Indian origin best known for Brian Clarke (born in Oldham Lancashire, England, July 2, 1953) is a British Artist known for his work in Stained Doctor of Letters ( Latin: Litterarum doctor; DLitt; or Litt D [89]
| School | Type/Status | OfSTED | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Blue Coat School | Secondary School | 105739 | www.blue-coat.oldham.sch.uk |
| Breeze Hill School | Secondary School | 105731 | www.breezehill.oldham.sch.uk |
| Counthill School | Secondary School | 105728 | www.counthill.org.uk |
| Grange School | Secondary School | 105729 | www.grange.oldham.sch.uk |
| Hulme Grammar School | Grammar School | N/A | www.hulme-grammar.oldham.sch.uk |
| Kaskenmoor School | Secondary School | 105732 | www.kaskenmoor.org.uk |
| New Bridge School | Secondary Special School | 134517 | www.newbridgeschool.net |
| Oldham Sixth Form College | Sixth Form College | 130506 | www.osfc.ac.uk |
| The Oldham College | Further education college | 130505 | www.oldham.ac.uk |
| University Centre Oldham | Higher education college | N/A | www.oldham.hud.ac.uk |
| St Augustine of Canterbury R.C. High School | Secondary School | 105741 | www.staugustine.oldham.sch.uk |
| The Hathershaw College | Secondary School | 105730 | www.hathershaw.org.uk |
Public services
Home Office policing in Oldham is provided by the Greater Manchester Police. The Blue Coat School is a mixed gender Voluntary aided Church of England Secondary school and Sixth form for 11 - 18 year olds located Breeze Hill School is a mixed gender comprehensive Secondary school for 11 - 16 year olds in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Counthill School is a mixed gender secondary school for 11 - 16 year olds in the Moorside area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. Grange School is a mixed gender comprehensive Secondary school for 11 - 16 year olds in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Hulme Grammar School is an independent Grammar school situated on and around Chamber Road about three-quarters of a mile south of the centre of Oldham, Kaskenmoor School is a mixed gender comprehensive Secondary school for 11 - 16 year old children in the Hollinwood area of Oldham in Greater Manchester Oldham Sixth Form College is a government-funded college of Further education in Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 The Oldham College, is a government funded Further education College in the town centre of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England The University of Huddersfield is a University in the town of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. The Hathershaw College is a Coeducational, comprehensive Secondary school for 11 - 16 year olds in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England The Home Office is the United Kingdom government department responsible for security and order Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The force's "(Q) Division" have their headquarters for policing the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham at central Oldham. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Public transport is co-ordinated by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, which has two stations in Oldham; at Hollins on Hollins Road,[90] and at Clarksfield on Lees Road. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of [91]
The Royal Oldham Hospital, at Oldham's northern boundary with Royton, is a large NHS hospital administrated by Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. The Royal Oldham Hospital is a large NHS Hospital in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust is a NHS Trust established on April 1st 2002 to manage hospitals across the north and east of Greater Manchester, England It was opened under its existing name on 1 December 1989. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) [92] Formerly known as Oldham District and General, and occupying the site of the town's former workhouse (named Oldham Union Workhouse in 1851),[92] the hospital is notable for being the birthplace of Louise Joy Brown – the world's first successful In vitro fertilised "test tube baby", on 25 July 1978. A workhouse, colloquially known as a spike was a place where people who were unable to support themselves could go to live and work Louise Joy Brown (born July 25, 1978, in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England) is the world's first baby to be conceived by In vitro fertilisation ( IVF) is a process by which Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) [93] The North West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport. The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small clinics and surgeries. Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing
Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority. Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA is a Waste disposal authority created under the Local Government Act 1985 to carry out the Waste [94] Locally produced inert waste for disposal is sent to landfill at the Beal Valley. Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically or biologically reactive and will not decompose For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as [95] Oldham's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is United Utilities;[96] there are no power stations in the town. Distribution Network Operators (DNOs are companies licensed to distribute electricity in Great Britain by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. United Utilities (UU ( is a British utility company with its headquarters in Warrington which operates mainly in the North West England A power station (also referred to as generating station, power plant or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of United Utilities also manages Oldham's drinking and waste water;[96] water supplies being sourced from several local reservoirs, including Dovestones and Chew. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England Dovestones Reservoir is a reservoir situated above the village of Greenfield, in Saddleworth, Greater Manchester, England. Chew Reservoir is a small Reservoir located at the head of the Chew Valley in Greater Manchester, England. [97] There is a water treatment works at Waterhead. Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use Waterhead (or archaically, Waterhead Mill) is a locality and electoral ward within the east of the town of Oldham, in Greater Manchester [96]
Culture
Oldham, though lacking in leisure and cultural amenities,[41] is historically notable for its theatrical culture. [98] Once having a peak of six "fine" theatres in 1908,[98] Oldham is home to the Oldham Coliseum Theatre and the Oldham Theatre Workshop, which have facilitated the early careers of notable actors and writers, including Eric Sykes,[98] Bernard Cribbins[99] and Anne Kirkbride,[99] daughter of acclaimed cartoonist Jack Kirkbride who worked for the Oldham Evening Chronicle. Oldham Coliseum Theatre is a Theatre in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England The Oldham Theatre Workshop is managed by the Education and Cultural Services Department of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Eric Sykes, CBE (born 4 May 1923 is an English comedy writer and actor Bernard Cribbins (born McDermott on December 29 1928 in Oldham, Lancashire) is an English Character actor and musical Anne Kirkbride (born June 21, 1954 in Oldham, Lancashire) is an English Soap opera actress. A cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing Cartoons Traditionally much of this work was and still is humorous and is intended primarily for entertainment purposes Jack Kirkbride (born in Oldham, Lancashire) was an English Cartoonist, and father to Anne Kirkbride, the actress who plays The Oldham Evening Chronicle is an English daily Newspaper published each weekday evening Oldham Coliseum Theatre is one of Britain's last remaining repertory theatres; Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel performed there in the early 20th century, and contemporary actors such as Ralph Fiennes and Minnie Driver, amongst others, have appeared more recently. For other meanings of repertory please see Repertory (disambiguation. Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; June 16, 1890 &ndash February 23, 1965) was an English comic actor writer Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes ( "rafe fines" born 22 December 1962) is a British Actor. Minnie Driver (born January 31 1970) is an Emmy - BAFTA - and Academy Award -nominated English actress and [100] Criticised for its lack of a cinema,[41] there are plans to develop an "Oldham West End". West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" [101] Oldham has a thriving bar and night club culture which attracts significant number of young people into the town centre. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark [9] Oldham's "hard binge drinking culture" has been criticised however for conveying a negative regional image of the town. Binge drinking is drinking certain beverages with the intention of becoming intoxicated [41]
Communal facilities
The Lyceum is a Grade II listed building[102][103] opened in 1856 at a cost of £6,500 as a "mutual improvement" centre for the working men of Oldham;[11] it replaced an earlier building constructed in 1839. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance The facilities provided to members included a library, a newsroom, and a series of lectures on geology, geography and education, microscopy and chemistry, female education, and botany. [102] Instrumental music was introduced and there were soon 16 violinists and 3 'cellists. Eventually the building was extended to include a School of Science and Art. Music had always been important in the life of the Lyceum, and in 1892 a school of music was opened, with 39 students enrolled for the "theory and practice of music".
The Lyceum continued throughout the 20th century as a centre for the arts in Oldham, and in 1986 the local authority was invited by its directors and trustees to accept the building as a gift. [102] The acceptance of the Lyceum building by the Education Committee provided the opportunity to re-locate The Music Centre and "further enhance the cultural activities of the town". [102] In 1989 the Oldham Metropolitan Borough Music Centre moved into the Lyceum building, which is now the home of the Oldham Lyceum School of Music. [102]
Oldham’s museum and gallery service dates back to 1883. [104] Since then it has established itself as a cultural focus for Oldham and has developed one of the largest and most varied permanent collections in North West England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The current collection includes over 12,000 social and industrial history items, more than 2,000 works of art, about 1,000 items of decorative art, more than 80,000 natural history specimens, over 1,000 geological specimens, about 3,000 archaeological artefacts, 15,000 photographs and a large number of books, pamphlets and documents. [104]
Oldham is now home to a newly built state-of-the-art art gallery, Gallery Oldham, which was completed in February 2002 as the first phase of the Oldham Cultural Quarter. Gallery Oldham is a free-to-view public Art gallery found in the Cultural Quarter of central Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. [105] Later phases of the development saw the opening of an extended Oldham Library, a lifelong learning centre and there are plans to include a performing arts centre. [9]
Carnival
The annual Oldham Carnival started around 1900, although the tradition of carnivals in the town goes back much further, providing a "welcomed respite from the tedium of everyday life". Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March [106] The carnival parade was always held in mid-to-late summer, with the primary aim of raising money for charities. [106] It often featured local dignitaries or popular entertainers, in addition to brass, military and jazz bands, the Carnival Queen, people in fancy dress, dancers and decorated floats from local churches and businesses. A costume party ( American English) or a fancy dress party ( British English) mainly in contemporary Western culture, is a type of Party A float is a decorated platform either built on a Vehicle or towed behind one which is a component of many festive Parades such as the Maltese Carnival [106] Whenever possible, local people who had attained national celebrity status were invited to join the cavalcade. [106] The carnival's route began in the town centre, wound its way along King Street, and ended with a party in Alexandra Park. Alexandra Park is a public Park in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. [106]
The carnival was a popular and prestigious event,[106] though it fell out of favour in the late 1990s. [107] The carnival was resurrected in 2006, rebranded the People's Carnival. [107]
Notable people
People from Oldham are called Oldhamers,[21] though "Roughyed" is a nickname from the 18th century when rough felt was used in Oldham to make hats. This is a list A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting condensing and pressing fibers [11] The town has been the birthplace and home to notable people, of national and international acclaim. Amongst the most notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Oldham are acclaimed composer Sir William Walton, former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, and Louise Brown,[93] the world's first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilisation. Sir William Turner Walton, OM ( March 29, 1902 &ndash March 8, 1983) was a British Composer and The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Louise Joy Brown (born July 25, 1978, in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England) is the world's first baby to be conceived by In vitro fertilisation ( IVF) is a process by which Notable Oldhamers from TV entertainment include comedy double act Tommy Cannon and Bobby Ball, TV host Phillip Schofield,[74] and actress Shobna Gulati. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic See also Entertainment (disambiguation and The Entertainer (disambiguation Entertainment is an activity designed to give people A double act, also known as a Comedy duo, is a comic device in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners usually of the same Tommy Cannon (b 27 June 1938 is a Comedian and the feed member of comedy Double act Cannon and Ball, along with Bobby Ball. Bobby Ball is one half of the comedy Double act Cannon and Ball, along with Tommy Cannon. Phillip Schofield (born 1 April 1962 is a British television presenter. Shobna Gulati (born 7 August 1966) is an English actress, Writer and Dancer of Indian origin best known for Notable musicians from Oldham include the Inspiral Carpets, and Mark Owen of boyband Take That. Inspiral Carpets are an Indie rock band from Oldham in Greater Manchester, England formed by Graham Lambert and Stephen Holt in 1986 Mark Anthony Patrick Owen (born 27 January 1972) is an English Singer and Songwriter. Take That are an English pop Musical group consisting of members Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark [74] Notable sportsmen from Oldham include former England national football team captain David Platt. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football David Platt may refer to David Platt (footballer -- A football player David Platt (Coronation Street -- A character on Coronation [74]
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- ^ a b c d e Alan Godfrey Maps. Oldham [map], 1907 edition. Cartography by Ordnance Survey. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government ISBN 1-84151-056-4. Section Lancashire Sheet 97. 06.
- ^ a b Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2007). Local Companies. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2007). Oldham Means Business!. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2007). Oldham's Economic Profile - Food Processing. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Park Cakes. go2work. net (2005). Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Northern Counties Housing Association Limited. housingcorp. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Oldham's Economic Profile - Printing & Publishing. oldham. gov. uk (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2007). Oldham's Economic Profile - Land & Property. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ The Spindles Shopping Centre. visitoldham. co. uk (N. D. ). Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Ferranti Technologies. ferranti-technologies. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
- ^ Graham, Zoe (2004-05-20). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held From Butties to Bhajis at the People's History Museum. 24hourmuseum. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ British Potato Council. The Potato Council is a Non-Departmental Public Body whose mission is to develop and promote Britain's potato industry Chip History. lovechips. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
- ^ Anon. History. fishexpressonline. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Anon. Timeline: Just The Facts. open2. net. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Cooper, Natalie (2005-11-01). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi PubChef Awards - Beer and Food. morningadvertiser. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ a b c d e Keegan, Mike (2007-04-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer 'Bandage bridge' under threat. manchestereveningnews. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ Town Hall. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ a b Ottewell, David (2006-08-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. In danger, our creaking monuments to civic pride. manchestereveningnews. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Town Centre Redevelopment. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000
- ^ a b c Public Monuments and Sculpture Association (2003-06-16). The Public Monuments and Sculpture Association, or PMSA was established in 1991 to bring together individuals and organisations with an interest in public sculptures and monuments their Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Oldham, War Memorial. Retrieved on 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
- ^ War Memorial. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Anon (1999-07-29). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat The 10 Greater Manchester Districts. manchesteronline. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ Church of St Mary and St Peter. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Gibb, Robert (2005). Greater Manchester: A panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns. Myriad, 28. ISBN 1-904736-86-6.
- ^ a b Oldham Bus Station - Cost study. building. co. uk (2001). Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
- ^ First Manchester (2007). First Manchester is one of the bus companies serving Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. Contact us. firstgroup. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Hollinwood Canal Society (N. D. ). Hollinwood Canal Society. hollinwoodcanal. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ Hollinwood Canal Society (N. D. ). About the Hollinwood Canal. hollinwoodcanal. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ a b c Anon (N. D. ). Club Honours. orl-heritagetrust. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Henshaw's Bluecoat School. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ a b About University Centre Oldham. oldham. hud. ac. uk (2006-07-14). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Retrieved on 2007-11-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St
- ^ Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (N. The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of D. ). Hollins fire station. manchesterfire. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (N. The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of D. ). Oldham fire station. manchesterfire. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ a b Higginbotham, Peter (2006-10-13). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Oldham. workhouses. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ a b Steptoe PC, Edwards RG (1978). "Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo". Lancet 2 (8085): 366. PMID 79723.
- ^ Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (2008). The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA is a Waste disposal authority created under the Local Government Act 1985 to carry out the Waste Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA). gmwda. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (N. D. ). Minerals and Waste development planning. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ a b c United Utilities (2007-04-17). United Utilities (UU ( is a British utility company with its headquarters in Warrington which operates mainly in the North West England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Oldham. unitedutilities. com. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ United Utilities (2007-04-17). United Utilities (UU ( is a British utility company with its headquarters in Warrington which operates mainly in the North West England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Dove Stone Reservoirs. unitedutilities. com. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ a b c Carter, James (1986). Oldham Colosseum Theatre - The first hundred years. Oldham Leisure Services. ISBN 0-902809-15-6.
- ^ a b Anon (2006-01-04). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Curtain recall. www. coliseum. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC -
- ^ Llewellin, Mark (2000). They Started Here!: The Story of Oldham Coliseum Theatre. P & D Riley Publishers. ISBN 978-1874712473.
- ^ oldham. gov. uk (2006-09-18). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated "Launch of exciting new vision to develop the West End" (PDF). Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News
- ^ a b c d e Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (N. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. D. ). Music Centre History. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the
- ^ Lyceum and School of Art. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ a b Gallery Oldham Collections. galleryoldham. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the
- ^ Cultural Quarter. galleryoldham. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the
- ^ a b c d e f Drummond, Christine (2005). Oldham Celebrates; Events in Oldham's History. Oldham Arts and Heritage Publications. ISBN 0-902809-58-X.
- ^ a b A History of Oldham's Carnivals. oldhamcarnival. org. uk (2007). Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
Notes
^1' Percentages are taken from 2001 ward boundaries that together most closely match the territory of the former County Borough of Oldham. Oldham was from 1849 to 1974 a Local government district in the northwest of England.
^2' The total population of Oldham is given as those within an urban area divorced from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England.
External links
- www.oldham.gov.uk, Website of Oldham Council.
- www.genuki.org.uk, GENUKI entry for Oldham, including genealogical data and historic descriptions.
- www.oldhamadvertiser.co.uk, Website for one of Oldham's weekly newspapers, the Oldham Advertiser. The Oldham Advertiser is a weekly Newspaper which serves the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England
- www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk, Website for Oldham's daily newspaper, the Oldham Evening Chronicle. The Oldham Evening Chronicle is an English daily Newspaper published each weekday evening
- www.coliseum.org.uk/, Official website of Oldham Coliseum Theatre. Oldham Coliseum Theatre is a Theatre in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England
- www.oldhamcarnival.org.uk, Official website for the planning and reporting of the annual Oldham Carnival.
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