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Oldenburg (Low German: Ollnborg) is a historical state in today's Germany named for its capital, Oldenburg. The Free State of Oldenburg was a state of the Weimar Republic. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital ||-||-||-||} Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ||-||-||-||} Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. Oldenburg existed from 1180 until 1918 as a county, duchy and grand duchy. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. A grand duchy is a territory whose Head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. It was located near the mouth of the River Weser. The Weser (ˈveːzɐ is a River in north-western Germany. Formed at Hann Its ruling family was the House of Oldenburg, which also acquired Denmark and Russia. The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe 's most influential Royal Houses It first became royal when Count Christian I The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
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History
The first known count of Oldenburg is Elimar of Oldenburg (d. 1108). Elimar's descendants appear as vassals, although sometimes rebellious ones, of the dukes of Saxony; but they attained the dignity of princes of the empire when the emperor Frederick I dismembered the Saxon duchy in 1180. The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned At this time the county of Delmenhorst formed part of the dominions of the counts of Oldenburg, but afterwards it was on several occasions separated from them to form an apanage for younger branches of the family. Delmenhorst (ˈdɛlmənhɔʁst is an urban district ( Kreisfreie Stadt) in Lower Saxony, Germany. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of This was the case between 1262 and 1447, between 1463 and 1547, and between 1577 and 1617.
During the early part of the 13th century the counts carried on a series of wars with independent, or semi-independent, Frisian princes, who were usually heathens, to the north and west of the county, which resulted in a gradual expansion of the Oldenburgian territory. The Frisians are an ethnic group of Germanic people living in coastal parts of The Netherlands and Germany. The free city of Bremen and the bishop of Münster were also frequently at war with the counts of Oldenburg. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is the smallest of Germany's 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western
In 1448, the successor of Count Dietrich (d. Derrick or Dietrich of Oldenburg, latin-based anglicization also Theoderic of Oldenburg (c 1440), called Fortunatus, was his son Christian, who became king of Denmark as Christian I. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Christian I (1426 &ndash 1481 Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1448 &ndash 1481 Norway (1450 &ndash 1481 and Sweden (1457 &ndash Although far away from the Danish borders, Oldenburg was now a Danish exclave. The control over the town was left to the king's brothers, who established a short reign of tyranny.
In 1450 Christian became king of Norway and in 1457 king of Sweden; in 1460 he inherited the Duchy of Schleswig and the County of Holstein, an event of high importance for the future history of Oldenburg. The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) In 1454 he handed over Oldenburg to his brother Gerhard (about 1430-1499), a wild prince, who was constantly at war with the bishop of Bremen and other neighbors. Count Gerhard VI "the Quarrelsome" of Oldenburg (Gerhard (Gerd der Mutige von Oldenburg (1430 &ndash 22 February 1500) was a Count of Oldenburg The Archdiocese of Bremen is a historical Roman Catholic diocese and a former eccesiastical state in the Holy Roman Empire. In 1483 Gerhard was compelled to abdicate in favor of his sons, and he died whilst on a pilgrimage in Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
Early in the 16th century Oldenburg was again enlarged at the expense of the Frisians. Protestantism was introduced into the county by Count Anton I (1505-1573), who also suppressed the monasteries; however, he remained loyal to Charles V during the war of the League of Schmalkalden, and was able thus to increase his territories, obtaining Delmenhorst in 1547. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid- 16th One of Anton's brothers, Count Christopher of Oldenburg (about 1506-1560), won some reputation as a soldier. Christopher of Oldenburg (Christoffer (c 1504 - August 4, 1566)
Anton's grandson, Anton Günther (1583-1667), who succeeded in 1603, considered himself the wisest prince who had yet ruled Oldenburg. Jever had been acquired before he became count, but in 1624 he added Knipphausen and Varel to his lands, with which in 1647 Delmenhorst was finally united. Jever (ˈjeːfɐ the pronunciation /ˈjeːvɐ/ is also often heard from non-locals is the capital of the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany This article is about the German town For the manufacturer of drill bits see Varel International. By his neutrality during the Thirty Years' War and by donating valuable horses to warlord Count of Tilly, Anton Günther secured for his dominions an immunity from the terrible devastations to which nearly all the other states of Germany were exposed. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Johann Tserclaes Count of Tilly ( Dutch: Johan 't Serclaes) (February 1559 - April 30[[ 632]] known as the Monk in Armor, was a General He also obtained from the emperor the right to levy tolls on vessels passing along the Weser, a lucrative grant which soon formed a material addition to his resources. For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary The Weser (ˈveːzɐ is a River in north-western Germany. Formed at Hann In 1607 he erected a Renaissance castle. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere
After the death of Anton Günther, Oldenburg fell again under Danish authority. In 1773, Danish rule ended and, in 1777, the County of Oldenburg was raised to a duchy. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, Oldenburg acquired the Oldenburger Münsterland and the Bishopric of Lübeck. The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany in 1795 &ndash 1814, during The Oldenburger Münsterland is the southern predominantly Catholic portion of the former Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, now a part of Lower Saxony in The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and later Protestant Diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Between 1810 and 1814, Oldenburg was occupied by Napoleonic France. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Its annexation into the French Empire in 1810, was one of the cause for the diplomatic rift between former allies France and Russia, a contention that would lead to war in 1812 and evetually to Napoleon's downfall. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In 1815 it acquired the Principality of Birkenfeld and in 1829 Oldenburg became a grand duchy. A grand duchy is a territory whose Head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess.
In 1871 Oldenburg joined the German Empire, and in 1918 it became a free state within the Weimar Republic. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The Free State of Oldenburg was a state of the Weimar Republic. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933
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References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. This is a list of the Counts Dukes, Grand dukes and Prime ministers of Oldenburg. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
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