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Old World monkeys[1]
Fossil range: Oligocene to Recent
Black-footed Gray Langur, Semnopithecus hypoleucos
Black-footed Gray Langur, Semnopithecus hypoleucos
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Gray, 1821
Family: Cercopithecidae
Gray, 1821
Subfamilies

Cercopithecinae - 11 genera
Colobinae - 10 genera

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33 The Black-footed Gray Langur ( Semnopithecus hypoleucos) is an Old World monkey, one of the species of Langurs This like other Gray langurs Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye The haplorrhines, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed" are members of the Haplorrhini clade: the Prosimian Catarrhini is a Parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the Suborder Haplorrhini. John Edward Gray ( 12 February 1800 &ndash 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. John Edward Gray ( 12 February 1800 &ndash 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The Cercopithecinae are a Subfamily of the Old World monkeys that includes in its roughly 71 species the Baboons the Macaques and the Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 58 Species in 10 genera, including the Skunk -like Black-and-white A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Catarrhini is a Parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the Suborder Haplorrhini. The Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia today, inhabiting a range of environments from tropical rain forest to savanna, scrubland, and mountainous terrain, and are also known from Europe in the fossil record. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. Scrubland is a Plant community characterized by scrub Vegetation. However, a (possibly introduced) free-roaming group of monkeys still survives in Gibraltar (Europe) to this day. The Barbary Macaque population in Gibraltar is the last in the whole of the European continent, which unlike that of North Africa, is thriving Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar They include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates such as baboons and macaques. The baboons are African Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The macaques (məˈkæk constitute a genus ( Macaca, /məˈkækə/ of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.

Characteristics

Old World monkeys are medium to large in size, and range from arboreal forms, such as the colobus monkeys, to fully terrestrial forms, such as the baboons. Arboreal is a word meaning "related to or resembling trees" Black-and-white colobus are Old World monkeys of the genus Colobus and are closely related to the Red colobus monkeys of genus The smallest is the Talapoin, with a head and body 34-37 cm in length, and weighing between 0. Talapoins are the two species of Old World monkeys classified in genus Miopithecus. 7 and 1. 3 kilograms, while the largest is the male Mandrill (the females of the species being significantly smaller), at around 70 cm in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms. The Mandrill ( Mandrillus sphinx) is a Primate of the Cercopithecidae (Old-world Monkeys family closely related to the Baboons [2]

From the point of view of superficial appearance, Old World monkeys are unlike apes in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile. The New World monkeys are the four families of Primates that are found in Central and South America: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae A prehensile tail is the Tail of an Animal that has adapted to be able to grasp and/or hold objects Technically, the distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the nose, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition. The New World monkeys are the four families of Primates that are found in Central and South America: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae Dentition is the development of Teeth and their arrangement in the Mouth. In platyrrhines the nostrils face sideways, whilst in catarrhines, they face downwards. Other distinctions include both a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not twelve, premolars in catarrhines, giving them a dental formula of:

2. Dentition is the development of Teeth and their arrangement in the Mouth. 1. 2. 3
2. 1. 2. 3

Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. The colobus monkeys have a stub for a thumb to assist with their arboreal movement; the Proboscis Monkey has an extraordinary nose while the snub-nosed monkeys have almost no nose at all; the penis of the male Mandrill is colored red and the scrotum has a lilac color, while the face also has bright coloration like the genitalia and this develops in only the dominant male of a multi-male group. Black-and-white colobus are Old World monkeys of the genus Colobus and are closely related to the Red colobus monkeys of genus The Proboscis Monkey ( Nasalis larvatus) also known as the Monyet Belanda (in Malay) the Bangkatan (in Indonesian) or simply The snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the Genus Rhinopithecus. The penis (plural penises, penes In some Male Mammals the scrotum - also 'scrutum' or 'scrootum' - is a protuberance of Skin and Muscle containing the Testicles About the plant lilac see Syringa. Lilac is a color that is a pale shade of violet.

Olive Baboon
Olive Baboon

Most Old World monkeys are at least partially omnivorous, but all prefer plant matter, which forms the bulk of their diet. Omnivores (from Latin omne all everything vorare to devour are species that eat both Plants and Animals as their primary Leaf monkeys are the most vegetarian, subsisting primarily on leaves, and eating only a small number of insects, while the other species are highly opportunistic, primarily eating fruit, but also consuming almost any food items available, such as flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizomes, insects, snails, and even small vertebrates. Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 58 Species in 10 genera, including the Skunk -like Black-and-white In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots [2]

Gestation in the Old World monkeys lasts between five and seven months. Gestation is the carrying of an Embryo or Fetus inside a Female Viviparous Animal. Births are usually single, although, as with humans, twin births do also occur from time to time. The young are born relatively well developed, and are able to cling onto their mother's fur with their hands from birth. Compared with most other mammals, they take a long time to reach sexual maturity, with four to six years being typical of most species.

In most species, daughters remain with their mothers for life, so that the basic social group among Old World monkeys is a matrilineal troop. Matrilineality is a system in which lineage is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing hierarchical relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources. [2]

Classification

Two subfamilies are recognised, the Cercopithecinae, which are mainly African but include the diverse genus of macaques which are Asian and North African, and the Colobinae, which includes most of the Asian genera but also the African colobus monkeys. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The Cercopithecinae are a Subfamily of the Old World monkeys that includes in its roughly 71 species the Baboons the Macaques and the A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The macaques (məˈkæk constitute a genus ( Macaca, /məˈkækə/ of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 58 Species in 10 genera, including the Skunk -like Black-and-white

References

  1. ^ Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). The Francois' Langur or Francois' Leaf Monkey ( Trachypithecus francoisi) is a species of Lutung and the Type species of its Species The Hatinh Langur ( Trachypithecus hatinhensis) is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam, primarily in the The White-headed Langur ( Trachypithecus poliocephalus) is a Critically endangered Langur from Cat Ba Island, Vietnam UserPolbot. --> The Laotian Langur or White-browed Black Langur ( Trachypithecus laotum) is a species The Delacour's Langur ( Trachypithecus delacouri) is a Critically endangered species of Lutung endemic to Vietnam. The Indochinese Black Langur ( Trachypithecus ebenus) is a poorly known Lutung native to Laos and adjacent Vietnam. The surilis are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the Genus Presbytis. UserPolbot. --> The Sumatran Surili ( Presbytis melalophos) is a species of Primate in the Cercopithecidae UserPolbot. --> The Banded Surili ( Presbytis femoralis) is a species of Primate in the Cercopithecidae UserPolbot. --> The White-thighed Surili ( Presbytis siamensis) is a species of Primate in the UserPolbot. --> The White-fronted Surili ( Presbytis frontata) is a species of Primate in the The Javan Surili ( Presbytis comata) is an Endangered species of Old World monkey endemic to the western half of Java Indonesia a UserPolbot. --> The North Sumatran Leaf Monkey, Sumatran Grizzled Langur, Thomas's Langur, or Thomas's UserPolbot. --> The Hose's Langur ( Presbytis hosei) is a species of Primate in the Cercopithecidae UserPolbot. --> The Maroon Langur, Maroon Leaf Monkey, or Red Leaf Monkey ( Presbytis rubicunda The Mentawai Langur, Long-tailed Langur, or Mentawai Leaf Monkey ( Presbytis potenziani) is a species of Primate in the Cercopithecidae The doucs or douc langurs make up the Genus Pygathrix, which consists of these 3 species Red-shanked Douc, Pygathrix The Red-shanked Douc ( Pygathrix nemaeus) is a species of Old World monkey and is probably among the most colourful of the Primates This colourful and The Black-shanked Douc ( Pygathrix nigripes) is an endangered Species of Douc found in forests of Vietnam and Cambodia The Gray-shanked Douc ( Pygathrix cinerea) is a Douc described as a Subspecies of P The snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the Genus Rhinopithecus. The Golden Snub-nosed Monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an Old World monkey in the Colobinae subfamily The Black Snub-nosed Monkey ( Rhinopithecus bieti) also known as the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey, is an Endangered species of Primate in the The Gray Snub-nosed Monkey ( Rhinopithecus brelichi The Tonkin Snub-nosed Langur or Dollman's Snub-nosed Langur ( Rhinopithecus avunculus) is a species of Langur endemic to northern Vietnam The Proboscis Monkey ( Nasalis larvatus) also known as the Monyet Belanda (in Malay) the Bangkatan (in Indonesian) or simply The Proboscis Monkey ( Nasalis larvatus) also known as the Monyet Belanda (in Malay) the Bangkatan (in Indonesian) or simply The Pig-tailed Langur ( Simias concolor, monotypic in Genus Simias) is a large rather heavily built Old World monkey, which is The Pig-tailed Langur ( Simias concolor, monotypic in Genus Simias) is a large rather heavily built Old World monkey, which is Colin Groves is Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. in Wilson, D. E. , and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 152-178. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.  
  2. ^ a b c Brandon-Jones, Douglas & Rowell, Thelma E. (1984). in Macdonald, D. : The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File, 370-405. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.  

Dictionary

Old World monkey

-proper noun

  1. A group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.
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