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Babblers
The White-naped Yuhina (Yuhina bakeri) would be moved to the Zosteropidae if these are retained
The White-naped Yuhina (Yuhina bakeri) would be moved to the Zosteropidae if these are retained
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Passeri
Family: Timaliidae
Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
Genera

Dozens; see article text

The Old World babblers or timaliids are a large family of mostly Old World passerine birds. UserPolbot. -->The White-naped Yuhina ( Yuhina bakeri) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae The white-eyes are small Passerine Birds native to tropical subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. SongBird is a Dutch Record label owned by Tijs Verwest and Arny Bink Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785 &ndash October 26, 1840) was an Irish Zoologist and Politician. Thomas Horsfield, M D ( May 12, 1773 &ndash July 24, 1859) was an American Physician and naturalist. Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans Asians and Africans in the 15th century Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. They are rather diverse in size and coloration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in southeast Asia. The American Wrentit is an enigmatic species that was in recent times placed with the Old World babblers but may, in fact, not belong here. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata, is a small Bird that lives in Chaparral and bushland The timaliids are one of two unrelated groups of birds known as babblers, the other being the Australasian Babblers of the family Pomatostomidae (also known as pseudo-babblers). The Pomatostomidae ( Australo-Papuan or Australasian babblers, also known as pseudo-babblers) are small to medium-sized birds endemic to Australia-New

These birds have strong legs, and many are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory, and most species have short rounded wings, and a weak flight. Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of Birds Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Morphological diversity is rather high; most species resemble "warblers", jays or thrushes. The term morphology in Biology refers to the outward appearance ( Shape, Structure, Colour, Pattern) of an Organism The jays are several Species of medium-sized usually colorful and noisy Passerine Birds in the Crow family Corvidae See also other birds with "thrush" in their name Waterthrush, Shrike-thrush, Thrush Nightingale The Thrushes, This group is among those Old World bird families with the highest number of species still being discovered. This is the parent page for a series of pages listing bird species new to science described since 1900

Contents

Systematics

The systematics of Old World babblers have long been contended. During much of the 20th century, the family was used as a "wastebin taxon" for numerous hard-to-place Old World songbirds (such as Picathartidae or the Wrentit). The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon or dustbin taxon) is a term used in taxonomic circles to refer to a Taxon that has the sole purpose The picathartes, rockfowl or bald crows are a small genus of two Passerine Bird Species within the family Picathartidae found The Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata, is a small Bird that lives in Chaparral and bushland Ernst Hartert was only half-joking when he summarized this attitude with the statement that, in the passerines,

"Was man nicht unterbringen kann, sieht man als Timalien an. Ernst Johann Otto Hartert ( October 29, 1859 - November 11, 1933) was a German Ornithologist and Oologist. " (What one can't place systematically is considered an Old World babbler)

The most obviously misplaced taxa were removed piecemeal towards the end of the last century. A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to

Since then, with the aid of DNA sequence data, it has been confirmed that even the remaining group is not monophyletic. A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S/16S rRNA data (Cibois 2003a) spread the Timaliidae that were studied across what essentially was a badly resolved polytomy with Old World warblers and white-eyes. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. Cytochrome b/b6 is main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes A polytomy (also called a polychotomy) is a section of a Phylogeny in which the Evolutionary relationships can not be fully resolved to dichotomies The " Old World Warblers " family Sylviidae are a family of small Passerine Bird species the names sylviid warblers The white-eyes are small Passerine Birds native to tropical subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia As the typical warblers (genus Sylvia) grouped with some presumed timaliids (such as the fulvettas), it was suggested that some Sylviidae should be moved to the Timaliidae. The typical warblers are small insectivorous Birds belonging to the genera Sylvia and Parisoma of the "Old World Fulvetta is a Songbird Genus. Originally proposed in 1877 it was recently reestablished for the typical fulvettas, which were long included

As this would include the type genus of the latter, this would lead to a nomenclatorial problem requiring ICZN intervention (Cibois 2003b) and was, at that time, not sensible in any case as the phylogeny of the remaining Old World warblers had not been fully resolved either. In biology the phrase type genus is used differently depending on the nomenclatural ''Code'' that applies In zoological nomenclature, a type The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a set of rules in Zoology that have one fundamental aim to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming "ICZN" redirects here It is also sometimes used for the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in error The problem with such an approach would be — as many Old World warblers have not been studied with the new results in mind and neither have a number of timaliids — to risk creating a huge, ill-defined family-level clade; consequently, this approach seems to have been put on hold for the time being in favor of a general resorting of the Sylvioidea. The " Old World Warblers " family Sylviidae are a family of small Passerine Bird species the names sylviid warblers

Alström et al. (2006) supported the taxonomic proposal of Cibois (2003b), "if the Timaliidae and several groups of warblers are recognized at the same family level" but of course it is not necessary to unite them to achieve monophyly in both. Lumping and splitting refers to a well known problem in any discipline which has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Notably, one of the few conclusions beyond genus level which received quite robust support in Cibois (2003a) was the distinctness of Sylvia and the related "babblers" from the Timaliidae sensu stricto. Thus, for the time being, it seems wisest to maintain the Sylviidae and Timaliidae as distinct and just split off or move about genera as needed to achieve monophyly.

The parrotbills are somewhat titmouse-like birds that in the past were moved about between the timaliids, the titmice, and own family status (under the telling name Paradoxornithidae — literally, "puzzling birds"). The parrotbills are a group of peculiar Birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though Feral populations are known from elsewhere The tits, chickadees, and titmice comprise Paridae, a large family of small Passerine Birds which occur in the Northern hemisphere They are certainly not a distinct family; rather, they belong into the Sylvia clade (Cibois 2003a, Alström et al. 2006).

The relationships of the white-eyes (presently Zosteropidae) are not resolved at present. The white-eyes are small Passerine Birds native to tropical subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia Based on nDNA RAG-1 and c-mos sequence data, Barker et al. Nuclear DNA, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA is DNA contained within a nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. The recombination activating genes encode Enzymes that play an important role in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes of Immunoglobulin and T cell c-Mos is a proto-oncogene Oocyte maturation factor It's involved in the MAPK - Signaling pathway. (2002) found them likelier to group closer to the timaliids proper than to Sylvia and allies, as did Cibois (2003a). Combining data from nDNA c-myc exon 3, RAG-1 and myoglobin intron 2 sequences with that of mtDNA cytochrome b (Ericson & Johansson 2003) supports their scenario as does a restudy using the myoglobin intron 2 and cytochrome b sequences of a wider (though not denser) range of taxa (Alström et al. Myc (cMyc is a gene that regulates other genes It codes for a protein that binds to the DNA of other genes An exon is a Nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule after a portions of a precursor RNA Introns have been The recombination activating genes encode Enzymes that play an important role in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes of Immunoglobulin and T cell Myoglobin is a single-chain globular Protein of 153 Amino acids containing a Heme ( Iron -containing Porphyrin) Prosthetic Introns, derived from the term "intragenic regions" and also called intervening sequence (IVS are DNA regions in a Gene that are not translated into 2006)

On the other hand, DNA-DNA hybridization (Sibley & Ahlquist 1990) placed the white-eyes closer to Sylvia. DNA-DNA hybridization generally refers to a Molecular biology technique that measures the degree of genetic similarity between pools of DNA sequences This method is nowadays considered inferior to comparison of long and various DNA sequences, however. Still, it should be noted that no molecular study thus far could resolve the white-eyes' relationships with sufficient confidence beyond the mere fact that they form a clade with "core" Sylviidae and "core" Timaliidae. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor In this assemblage, they most likely form a monophyletic lineage with the yuhinas (and possibly other "babblers"). UserPolbot. --> Yuhina is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family Consequently, were the Zosteropidae to be retained as a family, these would be moved there.

In addition, the new studies have shown that several genera (such as Garrulax and Fulvetta) are not monophyletic and need to be split up (Cibois 2003, Pasquet et al. The Laughingthrushes are the genus Garrulax of the large Old World babbler family of Passerine Birds They occur in tropical Fulvetta is a Songbird Genus. Originally proposed in 1877 it was recently reestablished for the typical fulvettas, which were long included 2006).

Timaliidae sensu stricto

These genera would be retained in the timaliids in any case; one has been moved here from the sylviids. They make up a few reasonably well-supported clades and a lot of genera with quite unresolved relationships (termed "assemblages" here):

Red-billed Leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea
Red-billed Leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea

Liocichlas and allies clade

Laughingthrush assemblage

White-crested Laughingthrush, Garrulax leucolophus
White-crested Laughingthrush, Garrulax leucolophus

Pellorneum – Napothera assemblage

Black-capped Babbler, Pellorneum capistratum
Black-capped Babbler, Pellorneum capistratum
The Black-lored Babbler (Turdoides melanops) of Africa may comprise more than one species, in which case this bird is T. sharpei.
The Black-lored Babbler (Turdoides melanops) of Africa may comprise more than one species, in which case this bird is T. UserPolbot. --> Babax is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. --> Babax is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Black-capped Babbler ( Pellorneum capistratum) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> Pellorneum is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Striped Wren-babbler ( Kenopia striata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Striped Wren-babbler ( Kenopia striata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> Malacopteron is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family Schoeniparus is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family It contains the following species Rufous-throated Fulvetta, UserPolbot. -->The Rufous-throated Fulvetta ( Schoeniparus rufogularis) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Dusky Fulvetta ( Schoeniparus brunnea) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Rusty-capped Fulvetta ( Schoeniparus dubia) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae Pseudominla is a Bird Genus in the Old World babbler family (Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The White-hooded Babbler ( Gampsorhynchus rufulus) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The White-hooded Babbler ( Gampsorhynchus rufulus) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> Malacocincla is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on UserPolbot. --> The Black-lored Babbler ( Turdoides melanops) is a species of Songbird in the Timaliidae sharpei.

Timaliine clade

The Mountain Fulvetta (Alcippe peracensis) belongs to the typical alcippes
The Mountain Fulvetta (Alcippe peracensis) belongs to the typical alcippes

White-eye clade

If the white-eyes are maintained as a separate family Zosteropidae, this group would have to be included there:

Sylviid clade

The Yellow-eyed Babbler (Chrysomma sinense) is closer to the typical warblers
The Yellow-eyed Babbler (Chrysomma sinense) is closer to the typical warblers

Also includes the parrotbills. UserPolbot. -->The Large Wren-babbler ( Napothera macrodactyla) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on UserPolbot. -->The Rusty-breasted Wren-babbler ( Napothera rufipectus) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. --> The Black-throated Wren-babbler ( Napothera atrigularis) is a species of Bird in UserPolbot. -->The Marbled Wren-babbler ( Napothera marmorata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Limestone Wren-babbler ( Napothera crispifrons) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Streaked Wren-babbler ( Napothera brevicaudata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Mountain Wren-babbler ( Napothera crassa) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Eyebrowed Wren-babbler ( Napothera epilepidota) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Luzon Wren-babbler ( Napothera rabori) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae Jabouilleia is a genus of Scimitar-babblers jungle Birds with long downcurved bills UserPolbot. -->The Rufous-Rumped Grassbird ( Graminicola bengalensis) is a species of Babbler in the The " Old World Warblers " family Sylviidae are a family of small Passerine Bird species the names sylviid warblers UserPolbot. -->The Rufous-Rumped Grassbird ( Graminicola bengalensis) is a species of Babbler in the Pomatorhinus is a genus of Scimitar-babblers jungle Birds with long downcurved bills UserPolbot. -->The Slender-billed Scimitar-babbler ( Xiphirhynchus superciliaris) is a species of Bird UserPolbot. --> Stachyris is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Grey-throated Babbler ( Stachyris nigriceps) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Mountain Fulvetta ( Alcippe peracensis) is a 14 to 15 UserPolbot. -->The Buff-chested Babbler ( Stachyris ambigua) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The White-breasted Babbler ( Stachyris grammiceps) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Sooty Babbler ( Stachyris herberti) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Grey-headed Babbler ( Stachyris poliocephala) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> The Snowy-throated Babbler ( Stachyris oglei) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> The Spot-necked Babbler ( Stachyris striolata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The White-necked Babbler ( Stachyris leucotis) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Black-throated Babbler ( Stachyris nigricollis) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The White-bibbed Babbler ( Stachyris thoracica) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-rumped Babbler ( Stachyris maculata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-winged Babbler ( Stachyris erythroptera) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Crescent-chested Babbler ( Stachyris melanothorax) is a species of Bird in the Stachyridopsis is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family It contains the following species Rufous-fronted Babbler, UserPolbot. -->The Rufous-fronted Babbler ( Stachyridopsis rufifrons) is a species of Bird in the Old World UserPolbot. -->The Rufous-capped Babbler ( Stachyridopsis ruficeps) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Golden Babbler ( Stachyridopsis chrysaea) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Black-chinned Babbler ( Stachyridopsis pyrrhops) is a species of Bird in the Spelaeornis, the typical wren-babblers, is a Bird Genus in the family Timaliidae. UserPolbot. -->The Wedge-billed Wren-babbler or Wedge-billed Babbler ( Sphenocichla humei) is a species UserPolbot. -->The Wedge-billed Wren-babbler or Wedge-billed Babbler ( Sphenocichla humei) is a species UserPolbot. --> Macronous, the tit-babblers, are a Genus of Birds in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-capped Babbler ( Timalia pileata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-capped Babbler ( Timalia pileata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae The white-eyes are small Passerine Birds native to tropical subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia UserPolbot. --> Yuhina is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family Staphida is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family It contains the following species Striated Yuhina, Staphida UserPolbot. -->The Striated Yuhina ( Staphida castaniceps) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae The Chestnut-collared Yuhina ( Staphida torqueola) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-crested Yuhina ( Staphida everetti) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> The Flame-templed Babbler ( Dasycrotapha speciosa) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. --> The Flame-templed Babbler ( Dasycrotapha speciosa) is a species of Bird in the Sterrhoptilus is a Songbird Genus recently separated from Stachyris and usually placed in the family Timaliidae The Mindanao Pygmy-babbler ( Sterrhoptilus plateni) is a Bird Species endemic to the Philippines. The Visayan Pygmy-babbler ( Sterrhoptilus pygmaeus) is a Bird Species endemic to the Philippines. UserPolbot. -->The Golden-crowned Babbler ( Sterrhoptilus dennistouni) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Black-crowned Babbler ( Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitata) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Rusty-crowned Babbler ( Sterrhoptilus capitalis) is a species of Bird in the Zosterornis is a genus of Passerine Bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae. The Chestnut-faced Babbler ( Zosterornis whiteheadi) is a species of Bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae. UserPolbot. -->The Luzon Striped-babbler ( Zosterornis striata) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Panay Striped-babbler ( Zosterornis latistriata) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Negros Striped-babbler ( Zosterornis nigrorum) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Palawan Striped-babbler ( Zosterornis hypogrammica) is a species of Bird in the The Yellow-eyed Babbler, Chrysomma sinense, is a Bird Species found in open grass and scrub in South Asia. The typical warblers are small insectivorous Birds belonging to the genera Sylvia and Parisoma of the "Old World The parrotbills are a group of peculiar Birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though Feral populations are known from elsewhere If the Sylviidae are maintained as a separate family, this group would have to be included there:

Genera incertae sedis

Relationships unresolved; may or may not be Timaliidae sensu stricto

The Wrentit's relationships have long been elusive.It turned out to related to the typical warblers, too
The Wrentit's relationships have long been elusive. UserPolbot. -->The Ludlow's Fulvetta ( Fulvetta ludlowi) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae Chrysomma is a Songbird Genus. Long believed to be Timaliidae (Old World babblers they are actually quite closely related to the The Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata, is a small Bird that lives in Chaparral and bushland UserPolbot. --> Crocias is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family Micromacronus is a Bird Genus in the faily Timaliidae endemic to the Philippines. UserPolbot. --> Trichastoma is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family The Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata, is a small Bird that lives in Chaparral and bushland
It turned out to related to the typical warblers, too

Formerly placed here

Genera whose relationships are now known to lie entirely outside the Timaliidae, no matter how these are delimited

Other Sylvioidea

Basal lineage of cisticolid warblers, Cisticolidae (Nguembock et al. Phyllanthus is the largest Genus in the family Phyllanthaceae. UserPolbot. -->The Capuchin Babbler ( Phyllanthus atripennis) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Thrush Babbler ( Ptyrticus turdinus) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. --> Illadopsis is a genus of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Dohrn's Thrush-babbler or Principe Flycatcher-babbler ( Horizorhinus dohrni) is a The " Old World Warblers " family Sylviidae are a family of small Passerine Bird species the names sylviid warblers In Phylogenetics, a basal Clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade it appears at the base of a cladogram The Cisticolidae family of small Passerine Birds is a group of about 110 warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World 2007):

Belong to an as yet unnamed Malagasy warbler clade ("Bernieridae"); see Cibois et al. UserPolbot. --> Neomixis is a genus of Bird formerly in the Timaliidae family but now considered to belong UserPolbot. --> Neomixis is a genus of Bird formerly in the Timaliidae family but now considered to belong UserPolbot. -->The Common Jery ( Neomixis tenella) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Green Jery ( Neomixis viridis) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae family UserPolbot. -->The Stripe-throated Jery ( Neomixis striatigula) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae The Malagasy warblers are a newly validated Clade of Songbirds They have not been formally named although the name "Bernieriidae" (after 2001.

Other Passerida

Belong to the sugarbirds, Promeropidae (Beresford et al. The Wedge-tailed Jery ( Hartertula flavoviridis) is a small Bird endemic to the east of Madagascar. The Wedge-tailed Jery ( Hartertula flavoviridis) is a small Bird endemic to the east of Madagascar. UserPolbot. --> Crossleyia is a genus of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family UserPolbot. -->The Madagascar Yellowbrow ( Crossleyia xanthophrys) is a species of Old World warbler UserPolbot. --> The White-throated Oxylabes ( Oxylabes madagascariensis) is a species of Passerine UserPolbot. --> The White-throated Oxylabes ( Oxylabes madagascariensis) is a species of Passerine Passerida is under the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, one of two " Parvorders quot contained within the suborder Passeri (Standard Taxonomic The sugarbirds are a small family of Passerine Birds which are restricted to Africa. 2005):

"Corvida"

Apparently related to the vireos, Vireonidae (Barker et al. UserPolbot. -->The Dapple-throat ( Modulatrix orostruthus) is a species of Bird in the Muscicapidae UserPolbot. -->The Dapple-throat ( Modulatrix orostruthus) is a species of Bird in the Muscicapidae UserPolbot. --> Modulatrix is a genus of Bird in the Muscicapidae family UserPolbot. -->The Spot-throat ( Modulatrix stictigula) is a species of Bird in the Muscicapidae The "Corvida" were one of two " Parvorders quot contained within the suborder Passeri, as proposed in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy. For the record label see Vireo Records The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized Passerine Birds restricted to the 2004):

Belongs to the vireos (Reddy & Cracraft, in press):

Belongs to the vangas, Vangidae (Schulenberg 2003):

Incertae sedis

References

External links

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