The Central Criminal Court in England, commonly known as the Old Bailey, is a court building in central London, one of a number housing the Crown Court. The term Central London refers to the districts of London England which are considered closest to the centre For the TV programme see Crown Court (TV series. The Crown Court of England and Wales is together with the High Court of Justice The Crown Court sitting at the Central Criminal Court deals with major criminal cases from Greater London and, exceptionally, from other parts of England. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It stands on the site of the medieval Newgate Gaol, on Old Bailey, a road which follows the line of the City's fortified wall (or bailey), and gives the court its popular name. For the prison in East Granby, Connecticut, see Old Newgate Prison. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically nA motte-and-bailey is a form of Castle. Many were built in Britain, Ireland and France in the 11th and 12th centuries favored as a relatively It lies between Holborn Circus and St Paul's Cathedral. Holborn (ˈhoʊbɚn or /ˈhoʊbɝːn/ "ho bun" is an area of Central London, England St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London.

Contents 1 The building and its history 2 Judges 3 In popular culture 4 See also 5 External links

The building and its history

The original medieval court was located on the western wall of the City of London, but was destroyed in the 1666 Fire of London. This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London. It was rebuilt in 1674, with the court open to the weather to prevent the spread of disease. In 1734 it was refronted, enclosing the court and reducing the influence of spectators: this led to outbreaks of typhus, notably in 1750 when sixty people died, including the Lord Mayor and two judges. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria It was rebuilt again in 1774 and a second courtroom was added in 1824. In 1834 it was renamed as the Central Criminal Court and its jurisdiction extended.

The Court was originally for trial only of crimes committed in the capital but in 1856, public revulsion at the accusations made against doctor William Palmer, that he was a poisoner and murderer, led to fears that he could not enjoy a fair trial in his native Staffordshire. Dr William Palmer ( August 6, 1824 – June 14, 1856) was an English doctor who was convicted of Murder Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. The Central Criminal Court Act 1856 was passed to enable his trial to be held at the Old Bailey. The Central Criminal Court Act 1856 (19 & 20 Vict c16 was an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The present building dates from 1902 (officially opened on 27 February 1907), was designed by E. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year W. Mountford and built on the site of the infamous Newgate Prison, which was demolished to allow the Courts to be built. For the prison in East Granby, Connecticut, see Old Newgate Prison. Above the main entrance is inscribed "Defend the Children of the Poor & Punish the Wrongdoer". King Edward VII personally opened the courthouse.

On the dome above the court stands a statue of Lady Justice by British sculptor F. W. Pomeroy. "Lady Justice" or "Lord Justice" is also the title of judges on the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. Frederick William Pomeroy RA (1856-1924 was a prolific British sculptor of architectural and monumental works She holds a sword in her right hand and a pair of weighing scales in her left. The statue is popularly supposed to show Blind Justice, with the figure depicted wearing a blindfold, but there is in fact no blindfold present. Blind Justice is the theory that law should be viewed objectively.

During the Blitz, the Old Bailey was bombed and severely damaged, but subsequent reconstruction work restored most of it in the early 1950s. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. In 1952 the restored interior of the Grand Hall of the Central Criminal Courts was once again open.

From 1968 to 1972 a new South Block, designed by the architects Donald McMorran and George Whitby, was built containing more modern courts. Donald Hanks McMorran ( 3 March 1904 - 6 August 1965) was an English Architect who is known today for his sensitive continuation

The famously recognised front of the Old Bailey holds the now unused front door due to the bombing attacks of the IRA. Now the entrance can be found down the road which is a security tight building. An inscription "Defend the children of the poor and punish the wrongdoer" is above the entrance.

Judges

All judges sitting in the Old Bailey are, usually, addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady" whether they be High Court, circuit judges or Recorders. For the Cameroonian court by this name see High Court of Justice (Cameroon, for the Israeli court of this name see Supreme Court of Israel. The Lord Mayor of the City of London and aldermen of the City of London are entitled to sit on the judges' bench during a hearing but do not actively participate in trials. The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of the City of London Corporation. An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically

The most senior permanent judge of the Central Criminal Court has the title of the Recorder of London, and his deputy has the title of Common Serjeant of London. The present Recorder of London is His Honour Judge Peter Beaumont QC, who was appointed in December 2004 following the death earlier that year of his predecessor, His Honour Judge Michael Hyam. Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign  &ndash are The present Common Serjeant is His Honour Judge Brian Barker QC. The position of Recorder of London should not be confused with that of Recorder, which is the name given to lawyers who sit part-time as Crown Court judges. A select number of the most senior criminal lawyers in the country sit at as Recorders in the Central Criminal Court.

Sir John Mortimer, a criminal barrister and author, often appeared at the Old Bailey. Sir John Clifford Mortimer, CBE QC (born 21 April 1923) is an English Barrister, Dramatist and author A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created His courtroom experiences led him to create the fictional character Horace Rumpole, alias Rumpole of the Bailey. Rumpole of the Bailey is a British Television series created and written by British writer and barrister Sir John Mortimer, Rumpole of the Bailey is a British Television series created and written by British writer and barrister Sir John Mortimer,

In popular culture

• In the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, the Old Bailey is the courthouse named in the book where Charles Darnay is put on trial for treason. A Tale of Two Cities (1859 is the second Historical novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the
• In the novel Patriot Games and the eponymous film, terrorist Sean Miller is tried in the Old Bailey. Patriot Games ( 1987) is a Novel by Tom Clancy. It is chronologically the second book (after Without Remorse) featuring
• The Old Bailey is destroyed by the character V in the graphic novel V for Vendetta and its film adaptation. V for Vendetta is a ten-issue Comic book V for Vendetta is a 2006 action - thriller Film directed by James McTeigue and produced by Joel Silver
• The television series Rumpole of the Bailey concerns a defence lawyer who works at the Bailey. Rumpole of the Bailey is a British Television series created and written by British writer and barrister Sir John Mortimer,
• In the popular Australian folk song "Botany Bay", the first verse references the "well known Old Bailey". Botany Bay is a song from the musical burlesque, Little Jack Sheppard, a comedy staged in London, England in 1885 and Melbourne, Australia The song tells the tale of a group of prisoners being taken from Britain to the penal colonies of Australia.

See also

• Courts of the United Kingdom
• Royal Courts of Justice
• Bow Street Magistrates' Court
• Horseferry Road Magistrates' Court
• Elizabeth Brownrigg (defendant, 1767)

External links

• HM Courts Service – CCC – Daily Court Status
• The Proceedings of the Old Bailey London 1674 to 1913 - Archive of case details
• Central Criminal Court from the architectural heritage section of the City of London website
• Old Bailey photographs at 100 years old (from BBC)
• From Rumpole to the Ripper, Crippen to the Krays: The Old Bailey turns 100, Duncan Campbell, The Guardian, 27 February 2007

The United Kingdom does not have a single unified Judicial system, but separate judicial systems serving England and Wales, Scotland and Northern See also the Royal Courts of Justice Belfast. The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is the building in Bow Street Magistrates' Court was the most famous magistrates' court in England for much of its existence and was located in various buildings on Bow Street The City of Westminster Magistrates' Court is a Magistrates' Court in Central London. Elizabeth Brownrigg (1720-1767 was an eighteenth century murderess Her Majesty's Courts Service (HMCS is an Executive Agency of the Ministry of Justice (MoJ and is responsible for the administration of the civil family and criminal Duncan Campbell is a British journalist and author He is a a senior reporter/correspondent for The Guardian where he has worked since 1987 The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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