State of Ohio
Flag of Ohio Seal Nickname(s): The Buckeye State, "Birthplace of Aviation" "The Heart Of It All" Motto(s): With God, all things are possible
Official language(s)	English de facto
Demonym	Ohioan
Capital	Columbus
Largest city	Columbus
Largest metro area	Greater Cleveland
Area	Ranked 34th in the US
- Total	44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)
- Width	220 miles (355 km)
- Length	220 miles (355 km)
- % water	8. The Flag of Ohio was adopted in 1902 and designed by John Eisemann, for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition. The Great Seal of the State of Ohio features Ohio 's Coat of arms surrounded by the words "THE GREAT SEAL OF THE STATE OF OHIO" This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. "With God all things are possible" is the state motto of the U The United States does not have an Official language; however the majority of the population speaks English as a native language (about 82% English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Greater Cleveland is a Nickname for the Metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland, Ohio. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 7
- Latitude	38° 24′ N to 41° 59′ N
- Longitude	80° 31′ W to 84° 49′ W
Population	Ranked 7th in the US
- Total	11,353,140
- Density	277. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. 26/sq mi  107. 05/km² (9th in the US)
Elevation
- Highest point	Campbell Hill[1] 1,550 ft  (472 m)
- Mean	853 ft  (260 m)
- Lowest point	Ohio River[1] 455 ft  (139 m)
Admission to Union	March 1, 1803 (17th, declared retroactively on August 7, 1953)
Governor	Ted Strickland (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Lee Fisher (D)
U.S. Senators	George V. Voinovich (R) Sherrod Brown (D)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Abbreviations	OH US-OH
Website	www.ohio.gov

Ohio (IPA: /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/) is a Midwestern state of the United States. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Campbell Hill is at 1549 feet (472 m the highest point in elevation in the U The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Ted Strickland (born August 4 1941) is an American politician of the Democratic party, and the current governor of the state This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. Lee Fisher (born August 7, 1951, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American politician The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives George Victor Voinovich (born July 15, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member Sherrod Campbell Brown (born November 9 1952) is the junior United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are complete tables of congressional delegations from Ohio to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America. The Great Lakes region includes much of the Canadian province of Ontario and portions of eight U At the time of European contact and in the years that followed, Native Americans in today's Ohio included the Shawnee, Iroquois, Miamis, and Wyandots. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana, southwest Michigan and Ohio, and now living also in Oklahoma "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. Beginning in the 1700s, the area was settled by people from New England, the Mid-Atlantic States, Appalachia, and the Upper South. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Mid-Atlantic States (also called Middle Atlantic States or simply Mid Atlantic) form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States that Appalachia is a term used to describe a region in the eastern United States that stretches from southern New York state to northern Alabama,

Prior to 1984, the United States Census Bureau considered Ohio part of the North Central Region. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census ^[2] That region was renamed "Midwest" and split into two divisions. Ohio is now in the East North Central States division. The East North Central States form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States which are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau ^[3] Ohio has the highest population density of any state not on the Eastern Seaboard, and it is the seventh-largest state by population in the U. The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the S.

Ohio was the first state admitted to the Union under the Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Its U.S. postal abbreviation is OH; its old-style abbreviation was O. Natives of Ohio are known as Ohioans or Buckeyes, after the buckeye tree. ^[4]

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Native Americans 2.2 Colonial and Revolutionary Eras 2.3 Northwest Territory: 1787-1803 2.4 Statehood: 1803 - present 3 Law and government 4 Geography 4.1 Climate 4.1.1 Records 4.2 Earthquakes 4.3 Major cities 5 Economy 6 Demographics 6.1 Religion in Ohio 7 Political demographics and history 8 Education 8.1 Colleges and universities 9 Libraries 10 Sports 10.1 Professional 10.1.1 Other Ohio professional sports teams 10.2 College and high school 11 Transportation 11.1 Transportation Lists 12 State symbols 13 See also 14 References 15 External links

Etymology

See also: U.S. state name etymologies

The name "Ohio" is derived from the Seneca word ohi:yo’, meaning "beautiful river" (French mistranslation) or "large creek", which was originally the name of both the Ohio River and Allegheny River. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of the Seneca (in Seneca Onödowága or Onötowáka) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Allegheny River is a principal Tributary of the Ohio River and is located in the Eastern United States. ^{[5][6][7][8][9]}

History

Main article: History of Ohio

Native Americans

After the so-called Beaver Wars in the mid-1600s, the powerful Iroquois confederation of the New York-area claimed much of the Ohio country as a hunting and, probably most importantly, a beaver-trapping ground. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The history of Ohio is composed of many thousands of years of human activity The French and Iroquois Wars, also called the Iroquois Wars or the Beaver Wars, commonly refer to a brutal series of conflicts fought in the mid-17th century in eastern The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous After the devastation of epidemics and war in the mid-1600s, which had largely emptied the Ohio country of indigenous people by the mid-to-late seventeenth century, the land gradually became repopulated by the mostly Algonquian-speaking descendants of its ancient inhabitants, that is, descendants of the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian cultures. The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 1000 BC to 200 BC in a time known as the early Woodland Period. The Hopewell tradition (also incorrectly called the "Hopewell culture" is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern Many of these Ohio-country nations were multi-ethnic and sometimes multi-linguistic societies born out of the earlier devastation brought about by disease, war, and the subsequent social instability. They subsisted on agriculture (corn, sunflowers, beans, etc. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) is an Annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal ) supplemented by seasonal hunts. By the 1650s they were very much part of a larger global economy brought about by fur trade.

The indigenous nations to inhabit Ohio in the historical period (most clearly after 1700), included the Miamis (a large confederation), Wyandots (made up of refugees, especially from the fractured Huron confederacy), Delawares (pushed west from their historic homeland in New Jersey), Shawnees (also pushed west, although they may be descended from the Fort Ancient people of Ohio), Ottawas (more commonly associated with the upper Great Lakes region), Mingos (like the Wyandot, a recently formed composite of refugees from Iroquois and other societies), and Eries (gradually absorbed into the new, multi-ethnic "republics," namely the Wyandot). The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana, southwest Michigan and Ohio, and now living also in Oklahoma "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. This article is about the Fort Ancient culture for the National Historic Landmark in Warren County Ohio, see Fort Ancient (Lebanon Ohio The Mingo are an Iroquois group of Native Americans that migrated west to the Ohio Country in the mid-eighteenth century The Erie (also Erieehronon, Eriechronon, Riquéronon, Erielhonan, Eriez, Nation du Chat) were an Iroquoian pre-

Ohio country was also the site of Indian massacres, such as the Yellow Creek Massacre and Gnadenhutten. Logan (c 1725–1780 was a Mingo American Indian leader in the era before the American Revolutionary War, whose revenge for the killing of his family The Gnadenhutten massacre, also known as the Moravian massacre, was the killing on March 8, 1782, of ninety-six Christian American

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras

During the 18th century, the French set up a system of trading posts to control the fur trade in the region. French colonization of the Americas began in the 14th century and continued in the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur.

In 1754, France and Great Britain fought a war known in the United States as the French and Indian War. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. As a result of the Treaty of Paris, the French ceded control of Ohio and the rest of the Old Northwest to Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States. Pontiac's Rebellion in the 1760s challenged British military control, which ended with the American victory in the American Revolution. Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British policies in the Great Lakes region after In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" In the Treaty of Paris in 1783 Britain ceded all claims to Ohio to the United States. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally

Northwest Territory: 1787-1803

The United States created the Northwest Territory under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Slavery was not permitted. Settlement began with the founding of Marietta by the Ohio Company of Associates, which had been formed by a group of American Revolutionary War veterans. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. For the earlier Ohio Company of Virginia see the Ohio Company The Ohio Company of Associates, also known as the Ohio Company Following the Ohio Company, the Miami Company (also referred to as the "Symmes Purchase") claimed the southwestern section and the Connecticut Land Company surveyed and settled the Connecticut Western Reserve in present-day Northeast Ohio. The Symmes Purchase, also known as the Miami Purchase, was an area of land in Southwestern Ohio in what is now Hamilton, Butler, and The Symmes Purchase, also known as the Miami Purchase, was an area of land in Southwestern Ohio in what is now Hamilton, Butler, and The Connecticut Land Company was formed in the late eighteenth century to survey and encourage settlement in the Connecticut Western Reserve, part of the Old Northwest Territory Greater Cleveland is a Nickname for the Metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland, Ohio. The old Northwest Territory originally included areas that had previously been known as Ohio Country and Illinois Country. The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains The Illinois Country ( Pays des Illinois) was the name used in the 17th century and afterwards to refer to an undefined region centered around present day southwest As Ohio prepared for statehood, Indiana Territory was created, reducing the Northwest Territory to approximately the size of present-day Ohio plus the eastern half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the eastern tip of the Upper Peninsula. Indiana Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from 1800 to 1816 created by Act of Congress and signed into law by President The Lower Peninsula of Michigan is surrounded by water on all sides except its southern border which it shares with Ohio and Indiana. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U

Under the Northwest Ordinance, any of the states to be formed out of the Northwest Territory would be admitted as a state once the population exceeded 60,000. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Although Ohio's population numbered only 45,000 in December 1801, Congress determined that the population was growing rapidly and Ohio could begin the path to statehood with the assumption that it would exceed 60,000 residents by the time it would become a state. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses

Statehood: 1803 - present

Eight U. S. presidents hailed from Ohio at the time of their elections, giving rise to the nickname "Mother of Presidents", a sobriquet it shares with Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Seven presidents were born in Ohio, making it second to Virginia's eight, but Virginia-born William Henry Harrison lived most of his life in Ohio and is also buried there. This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H Harrison conducted his political career while living on the family compound, founded by William's father-in-law John Cleves Symmes, in North Bend, Ohio. John Cleves Symmes (July 21st 1742&ndashFebruary 26 1814 was a delegate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey, and later a pioneer in the Northwest North Bend is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River.

The seven presidents born in Ohio were Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison (grandson of William Henry Harrison), William McKinley, William Howard Taft and Warren G. Harding. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4 1822 January 17 1893 was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth James Abram Garfield (November 19 1831 September 19 1881 was the twentieth President of the United States. Benjamin Harrison (August 20 1833 &ndash March 13 1901 was the twenty-third President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893 William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2 1865 August 2 1923 was the twenty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack aged

In 1835, Ohio fought with Michigan in the Toledo War, a mostly bloodless boundary war over the Toledo Strip. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The Toledo War (1835–1836 also known as the Ohio-Michigan War, was the mostly bloodless boundary dispute between the U Congress intervened and, as a condition for admittance as a state of the Union, Michigan was forced to accept the western two-thirds of the Upper Peninsula, in addition to the eastern third that was already part of the state, in exchange for giving up its claim to the Toledo Strip. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U

Ohio's central position and its population gave it an important place during the Civil War, and the Ohio River was a vital artery for troop and supply movements, as were Ohio's railroads. At the end of the Civil War, three top Union generals were all from Ohio: Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan. Ohio also contributed more soldiers per-capita than any other state in the Union.

In 1912 a Constitutional Convention was held with Charles B. Galbreath as Secretary. The result reflected the concerns of the Progressive Era. It introduced the initiative and the referendum, allowed the General Assembly to put questions on the ballot for the people to ratify laws and constitutional amendments originating in the Legislature as well. Under the Jeffersonian principle that laws should be reviewed once a generation, the constitution provided for a recurring question to appear on Ohio's general election ballots every 20 years. The question asks whether a new convention is required. Although the question has appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, it has never been approved. Instead constitutional amendments have been proposed by petition to the legislature hundreds of times and adopted in a majority of cases.

On February 19, 1803, President Jefferson signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio's boundaries and constitution. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence However, Congress had never passed a resolution formally admitting Ohio as the 17th state. The current custom of Congress declaring an official date of statehood did not begin until 1812, with Louisiana's admission as the 18th state. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Although no formal resolution of admission was required, when the oversight was discovered in 1953, Ohio congressman George H. Bender introduced a bill in Congress to admit Ohio to the Union retroactive to March 1, 1803. George Harrison Bender ( September 29, 1896, Cleveland Ohio - June 18, 1961, Chagrin Falls Ohio) was a Republican Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a At a special session at the old state capital in Chillicothe, the Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood that was delivered to Washington, D. Chillicothe (ˌtʃɪlɨˈkɒθi CHILL-i-KOTH-ee is a city in the U C. on horseback. On August 7, 1953 (the year of Ohio's 150th anniversary), President Eisenhower signed an act that officially declared March 1, 1803 the date of Ohio's admittance into the Union. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a ^[10]

See also: Category:History of Ohio

Law and government

Main article: Government of Ohio

Ohio's capital is Columbus, located close to the center of the state. The Government of the State of Ohio comprises three branches -- executive legislative and judicial This is a list of the eighty-eight counties in the US state of Ohio. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. The executive branch is made up of six officers: Governor and lieutenant governor, Secretary of state, Attorney general, Auditor, and Treasurer. Governors Initially after the American Revolution, parts of the area now known as Ohio were claimed by New York, Virginia, and Connecticut The position of lieutenant governor of Ohio was established in 1852 The Secretary of State is responsible for overseeing elections in the State of Ohio. The Ohio Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Ohio in the United States. The Ohio State Auditor (formally known as the Auditor of State) is responsible for auditing all the public offices of the state of Ohio. List of Ohio State Treasurers See also Ohio State Treasurer elections Governor Ted Strickland took office as governor in January 2007. Governors Initially after the American Revolution, parts of the area now known as Ohio were claimed by New York, Virginia, and Connecticut Ted Strickland (born August 4 1941) is an American politician of the Democratic party, and the current governor of the state The legislative branch of Ohio government, the Ohio General Assembly, is made up of two houses--the senate, which has 33 members, and the house of representatives, which has 99 members. The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the US state of Ohio. The Ohio Senate is the upper house in Ohio 's Bicameral Legislature, the Ohio General Assembly; the lower house is the Ohio House of Representatives The Ohio House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Ohio General Assembly, the state legislature of the U The judicial branch is headed by the supreme court, which has one chief justice and six associate justices. The Supreme Court of Ohio is the highest Court in the US state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution

In the United States federal government, Ohio has 18 seats (see congressional districts map) in the United States House of Representatives. This is a complete list of congressional districts for representation in the United States House of Representatives. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.

Geography

Further information: List of Ohio counties, List of cities in Ohio, List of villages in Ohio, List of Ohio townships, Ohio public lands, and List of lakes in Ohio

Ohio's geographic location has proved to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. This is a list of the eighty-eight counties in the US state of Ohio. In the US state of Ohio, a City is defined thusly by section 703 In the US state of Ohio, a village is defined thusly by section 703 The List of Ohio Townships provides an alphabetic list of the 1362 current and historic townships in Ohio. This list of Protected areas of Ohio includes National forest lands Army Corps of Engineers areas State parks State forests state Nature Ohio has more than 2500 Lakes larger than. The following is an incomplete list of named lakes and Reservoirs in the US state of Ohio that are 10 acres or greater Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo and business traffic passes through its borders on its well-developed highways. Ohio has the nation's 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North America's population and 70% of North America's manufacturing capacity. ^[11] To the North, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles (502 km) of coastline,^[12] which allows for numerous seaports. Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally Ohio's southern border is defined by the Ohio River (with the border being at the 1793 low-water mark on the north side of the river), and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Ohio's neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, and West Virginia on the southeast. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by

Ohio's borders were defined by metes and bounds in the Enabling Act of 1802 as follows:

“

Bounded on the east by the Pennsylvania line, on the south by the Ohio River, to the mouth of the Great Miami River, on the west by the line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami aforesaid, and on the north by an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan, running east after intersecting the due north line aforesaid, from the mouth of the Great Miami until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line, and thence with the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid. Metes and bounds is a system or method of describing land 'real' property (in contrast to personal property or Real estate. The Enabling Act of 1802 was passed on April 30, 1802 by the Seventh Congress of the United States. The Great Miami River (also called the Miami River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States.

”

Note that Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court held that, based on the wording of the cessation of territory by Virginia (which, at that time included what is now Kentucky and West Virginia), the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky (and by implication, West Virginia) is the northern low-water mark of the river as it existed in 1792. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state ^[13] Ohio has only that portion of the river between the river's 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark.

The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. The Toledo War (1835–1836 also known as the Ohio-Michigan War, was the mostly bloodless boundary dispute between the U

Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. The Great Black Swamp, or simply Black Swamp, was a glacially caused Wetland in northwest Ohio, United States, extending This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, and then by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. The Glaciated Allegheny Plateau is that portion of the Allegheny Plateau that lies within the area covered by the last Glaciation. The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio into western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills and forests.

The rugged southeastern quadrant of Ohio, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West Virginia Panhandle to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct socio-economic unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area's coal mining legacy, dependence on small pockets of old manufacturing establishments, and distinctive regional dialect set this section off from the rest of the state and, unfortunately, create a limited opportunity to participate in the generally high economic standards of Ohio. In 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to "address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses "^[14] This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia. ^[15] While 1/3 of Ohio's land mass is part of the federally defined Appalachian region, only 12. 8% of Ohioans live there (1. 476 million people. )^[16]

Significant rivers within the state include the Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, and Scioto River. Ohio has more than 2500 Lakes larger than. The following is an incomplete list of named lakes and Reservoirs in the US state of Ohio that are 10 acres or greater The Cuyahoga River (ˌkaɪəˈhɔgə or kuy-a-HO-ga) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. The Great Miami River (also called the Miami River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately The Maumee River is a River in northwestern Ohio and northeastern Indiana in the United States. The Muskingum River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km long in southeastern Ohio in the United States. The Scioto River (saɪˈoʊtoʊ sigh-OH-toe or /saɪˈoʊtə/ sigh-OH-tuh) is a river in central and southern Ohio more than 231 miles (372 km in The rivers in the northern part of the state drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence River, and the rivers in the southern part of the state drain into the Gulf of Mexico via the Ohio and then the Mississippi. Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, including the downtown business district of Dayton. The Great Dayton Flood of 1913 flooded Dayton Ohio, and the surrounding area with water from the Great Miami River, causing the greatest natural disaster in Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. As a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. The Miami Conservancy District is a river management agency operating in Southwest Ohio to control flooding of the Great Miami River and its tributaries ^[17]

Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the canal-building era of 1820–1850. Grand Lake Saint Marys is an Artificial lake in Grand Lake-Saint Marys State Park West of St Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles (52 km²), was the largest artificial lake in the world. It should be noted that Ohio's canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their industrial emergence to location on canals, and as late as 1910 interior canals carried much of the bulk freight of the state.

Climate

The climate of Ohio is a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa) throughout most of the state except in the extreme southern counties of Ohio's Bluegrass region section which are located on the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate and Upland South region of the United States. The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist The Bluegrass Region is a region of the United States, mostly in northern Kentucky, containing a majority of the state's population Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The terms Upper South and Upland South refer to the northern part of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the State, while winters generally range from cool to cold. Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are typically fewer tornadoes in Ohio than in states located in the so-called Tornado Alley. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus For the book by William S Burroughs, see Tornado Alley (book. Severe lake effect snowstorms are also not uncommon on the southeast shore of Lake Erie, which is located in an area designated as the Snowbelt. Lake-effect snow is produced in the winter when cold Arctic winds move across long expanses of warmer lake water providing energy and picking up Water vapor which freezes Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally The snowbelt is a North American region much of which lies downwind of the Great Lakes where heavy Snowfall is particularly common on predominately eastern and southern

Although predominantly not in a subtropical climate, some warmer-climate flora and fauna does reach well into Ohio. For instance, a number of trees with more southern ranges, such as the blackjack oak, Quercus marilandica, are found at their northernmost in Ohio just north of the Ohio River. Quercus marilandica ( Blackjack oak) is a small Oak, one of the red oak group Quercus sect Also evidencing this climatic transition from a subtropical to continental climate, several plants such as the Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), Albizia julibrissin (mimosa), Crape Myrtle, and even the occasional Needle Palm are hardy landscape materials regularly used as street, yard, and garden plantings in the Bluegrass region of Ohio; but these same plants will simply not thrive in much of the rest of the State. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Magnolia grandiflora, commonly known as the Southern magnolia or bull bay, is a Magnolia native to the southeastern United This page is about the tree described by Antonio Durazzini. John Gilbert Baker used the same scientific name to refer to Prain's Albizia kalkora Lagerstroemia (properly Crape-myrtle, sometimes spelled Crepe-myrtle) is a Genus of around 50 species of Deciduous and Evergreen Rhapidophyllum hystrix ( Needle Palm) is a palm, the sole member of the genus Rhapidophyllum. The Bluegrass Region is a region of the United States, mostly in northern Kentucky, containing a majority of the state's population This interesting change may be observed while traveling through Ohio on Interstate 75 from Cincinnati to Toledo; the observant traveler of this diverse state may even catch a glimpse of Cincinnati's common wall lizard, one of the few examples of permanent "subtropical" fauna in Ohio. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article The common wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis) is a species of Lizard with a large distribution in Europe and well-established introduced populations in

Records

The highest recorded temperature was 113 °F (45 °C), near Gallipolis on July 21, 1934. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Gallipolis is a chartered village in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Gallia County. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[18] The lowest recorded temperature was -39 °F (-39 °C), at Milligan on February 10, 1899. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Milligan is a small unincorporated community in southern Harrison Township, Perry County, Ohio, United States. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[19]

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are rare, but not unheard of, in Ohio. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer More than 30 earthquakes occurred in Ohio in the period 2002-2007, and more than 200 quakes with a magnitude of 2. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released 0 or higher have occurred since 1776. ^[20]

The most substantial known earthquake in Ohio history was the Anna (Shelby County) earthquake,^[21] which occurred on March 9, 1937. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was centered in western Ohio, and had a magnitude of 5. 4, and was of intensity VIII. The Mercalli intensity scale is a scale used for measuring the intensity of an Earthquake. ^[22]

Other significant earthquakes in Ohio include:^[23] one of magnitude 4. 8 near Lima on September 19, 1884;^[24] one of magnitude 4. Lima (ˈlaɪmə is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Allen County. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year 2 near Portsmouth on May 17, 1901;^[25] and one of 5. Portsmouth is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Scioto County. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting 0 in northeast Ohio on January 31, 1986, which continued to trigger 13 aftershocks of magnitude 0. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) 5 to 2. 4 for two months. ^[26]

The most recent earthquake in Ohio of any appreciable magnitude occurred on January 8, 2008, at 8:34:46 PM local time. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common It had a magnitude of 3. 1, and its epicenter was under Lake Erie, northeast of Cleveland, approximately 9. Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state 7 km (6 mi) west of Mentor-on-the-Lake. Mentor-on-the-Lake is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. ^[27]

The Ohio Seismic Network (OhioSeis), a group of seismograph stations at several colleges, universities, and other institutions, and coordinated by the Division of Geological Survey of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources,^[28] maintains an extensive catalog of Ohio earthquakes from 1776 to the present day, as well as earthquakes located in other states whose effects were felt in Ohio. ^[29]

Major cities

See also: List of cities in Ohio

Columbus (home of The Ohio State University, Franklin University, Capital University, and Ohio Dominican University) is the capital of Ohio, near the geographic center of the state. In the US state of Ohio, a City is defined thusly by section 703 Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. Youngstown is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Mahoning County. Parma is a City in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and the largest Suburb of Cleveland. Canton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Stark County. Lorain is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie, at the mouth Springfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Clark County. Hamilton is a city in Butler County, southwestern Ohio, United States. Kettering is a city in Greene and Montgomery Counties in the U Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area and borders the city of Cleveland Mentor is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 50278 at the 2000 census. Middletown is an All-American City[http //wwwenquirercom/editions/2003/03/14/loc_middletownmood14 Cuyahoga Falls is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. Mansfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Richland County. Euclid is a city in Cuyahoga County Ohio, United States. It is part of the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Greater Cleveland is a Nickname for the Metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland, Ohio. The Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky metropolitan area is a Metropolitan area that includes 15 counties in the U The Miami Valley, broadly refers to the land area surrounding the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, USA, and also includes the Little Miami Mad and Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. Franklin University is a private university in downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States, North America. Capital University is a private liberal arts University of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America located in Bexley Ohio, founded in 1830 Ohio Dominican University is a Coed, four-year private Roman Catholic Liberal arts University in Columbus Ohio, USA

Other Ohio cities functioning as centers of United States metropolitan areas include:

• Akron (home of University of Akron and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company)
• Canton (home of Pro Football Hall of Fame, Malone College, and The Timken Company)
• Cincinnati (home of University of Cincinnati, Xavier University, Procter & Gamble)
• Cleveland (home of Cleveland State University, Playhouse Square Center, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Cleveland Orchestra, Case Western Reserve University, The Cleveland Clinic, and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame)
• Dayton (home of University of Dayton)
• Lima (home of University of Northwestern Ohio)
• Mansfield (home of North Central State College and Mansfield Motorsports Park)
• Sandusky (home of Cedar Point, and Kalahari Resort and Convention Center)
• Springfield (home of Wittenberg University)
• Steubenville (home of Franciscan University of Steubenville)
• Toledo (home of The University of Toledo)
• Youngstown (home of Youngstown State University). Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. The University of Akron is an open enrollment regional institution of higher learning located in Akron Ohio. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling. Canton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Stark County. The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the Hall of fame of the National Football League (NFL The Timken Company ( is a major manufacturer of Tapered roller bearings and specialty steels located in Canton, Ohio. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Xavier University is a private, Jesuit, co-educational University in the United States located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Procter & Gamble Co ( P&G,) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio, that manufactures a wide Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Cleveland State University ( abbr CSU) is a Public university located in Cleveland Ohio. The Playhouse Square Center, in downtown Cleveland Ohio, is the second-largest theater complex in the United States (second only to New York The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA is an Art museum in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland Ohio. The Cleveland Orchestra, located in Cleveland, Ohio is one of the major symphony Orchestras in the United States. Case Western Reserve University is a private research university located in Cleveland Ohio, United States, with some residence halls on the south end of campus The Cleveland Clinic (formally known as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation) is a multispecialty academic medical center located in Cleveland, Ohio, The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. The University of Dayton (abbreviated UD) is a private Catholic University operated by the Society of Mary located in Dayton Ohio Lima (ˈlaɪmə is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Allen County. The University of Northwestern Ohio is a private not-for-profit University founded in 1890 Mansfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Richland County. North Central State College is a two-year Technical college, located in Mansfield, Ohio. Mansfield Motorsports Park (known as Mansfield Motorsports Speedway prior to 2007 is a half-mile oval racetrack located in Mansfield, Ohio, United States Sandusky is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Erie County. Cedar Point is a 364 acre (15 km² Amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, U Springfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Clark County. Wittenberg University, located in Springfield Ohio, is a private four-year liberal arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America The Weirton-Steubenville Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the Northern Panhandle Franciscan University of Steubenville is a Catholic institution located in Steubenville Ohio, 40 miles west of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article The University of Toledo is a public University situated in Toledo Ohio. Youngstown is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Mahoning County. Youngstown State University, founded in 1908 is an accredited University located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States.

Note: The Cincinnati metropolitan area extends into Kentucky and Indiana, and the Youngstown metropolitan area extends into Pennsylvania.

Ohio cities that function as centers of United States micropolitan areas include:

• Ashland (home of Ashland University)
• Ashtabula
• Athens (home of Ohio University)
• Bellefontaine
• Bucyrus
• Cambridge
• Celina
• Chillicothe (home of Ohio University-Chillicothe)
• Coshocton
• Defiance (home of Defiance College)
• East Liverpool-Salem
• Findlay (home of The University of Findlay)
• Fremont
• Greenville
• Marion (home of Marion Popcorn Festival)
• Mount Vernon (home of Mount Vernon Nazarene University)
• New Philadelphia-Dover
• Norwalk (home of the NHRA venue Summit Motorsports Park)
• Oxford (home of Miami University)
• Portsmouth (home of Shawnee State University)
• Sidney
• Tiffin (home of Heidelberg College and Tiffin University)
• Urbana (home of Urbana University)
• Van Wert
• Wapakoneta
• Washington Court House
• Wilmington (home of Wilmington College)
• Wooster (home of The College of Wooster)
• Zanesville (home of Zane State College). Table of United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical Areas United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas (µSA where the initial Greek letter Ashland is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Ashland County. Ashland University is a private, Non-profit University located in Ashland Ohio. Ashtabula is a City in Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States, and the center of the Ashtabula Micropolitan Statistical Area (as defined Athens is a historic College town in the southeastern part of the U Ohio University is a public university located in Athens Ohio that is situated on a 1800 acre (7 Bellefontaine (pronounced bell-FOUN-tin bɛlˈfaʊntɨn is a city in and the County seat of Logan County, Ohio, United States. Bucyrus is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Crawford County, located in northern Ohio approximately 28 miles (45 km west Cambridge is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Guernsey County. Celina is a city in Mercer County, Ohio, United States. The population was 10303 at the 2000 census. Chillicothe (ˌtʃɪlɨˈkɒθi CHILL-i-KOTH-ee is a city in the U Ohio University-Chillicothe (OU-C is a regional Campus of Ohio University located in Chillicothe, the first state capital of Ohio Coshocton is a city in and the County seat of Coshocton County, Ohio, United States. Defiance is a city in the northwestern part of the US state of Ohio, in Defiance County, about 55 miles southwest of Toledo. Defiance College is an independent co-educational four-year Liberal arts college located on a campus in a residential area of Defiance Ohio. East Liverpool is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. Salem is a city in northern Columbiana County and extreme southern Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. Findlay is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Hancock County. The University of Findlay is a Private university located in the city of Findlay in Hancock County, Ohio, United States. Fremont is a city in and the County seat of Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. Greenville is a city in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13294 at the 2000 census. Marion is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Marion County. The Marion Popcorn Festival is held every year in downtown Marion Ohio, USA. Mount Vernon is a city in Knox County, Ohio, United States. The population was 14375 at the 2000 census. Mount Vernon Nazarene University (MVNU is a Christian Liberal arts college located in Mount Vernon, Ohio. New Philadelphia is a city in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States, 71 miles south of Cleveland on the Tuscarawas River. Dover is a city in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States. The population was 12210 at the 2000 census. Norwalk is a city in Huron County, Ohio, United States. The population was 16238 at the 2000 census. "NHRA" redirects here For other uses see NHRA (disambiguation. Oxford is a city in northwestern Butler County, Ohio, United States, in the southwestern portion of the state Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes is a Coeducational Public university founded in 1809 Portsmouth is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Scioto County. Shawnee State University (SSU is a public University located in Southern Ohio. Sidney is a city in Shelby County, Ohio, United States. The population was 20211 at the 2000 census. Tiffin is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Seneca County. Heidelberg College is a private Liberal arts College located in the city of Tiffin Ohio in the U Tiffin University is a university in Tiffin Ohio. Founded in 1888 Tiffin University enrolls over 2300 students in undergraduate and graduate degree programs offered at the Urbana is a city in and the County seat of Champaign County, Ohio, United States, 47 miles (76 km west of Columbus. Urbana University is a small university specializing in Liberal arts education Van Wert is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Van Wert County. Wapakoneta (wɑː’pɑː’kʌ’nɛ'tə’ is a city in and the County seat of Auglaize County, Ohio Washington, Ohio redirects here For the other municipality in Ohio once known as Washington see Old Washington, Ohio. Wilmington is a city in and the County seat of Clinton County, Ohio, United States. Wilmington College is a private Liberal arts institution established by Quakers in 1870 in Wilmington, Ohio. Zanesville is a city in and the County seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. Zane State College is a two-year public Technical college located in Zanesville Ohio.

Skyline of Columbus. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio.	View of downtown Cleveland. Downtown Cleveland is the Central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio.	View of downtown Cincinnati.	View of downtown Toledo. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article
View of downtown Akron. Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County.	View of downtown Dayton. Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County.	View of downtown Youngstown. Youngstown is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Mahoning County.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Ohio

Ohio is a major producer of machines, tires and rubber products, steel, processed foods, tools, and other manufactured goods. The economy of Ohio includes many historically strong industries such as motor vehicle manufacturing more traditional industries such as Agriculture, and new and developing This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale This is not immediately obvious because Ohio specializes in capital goods (goods used to make other goods, such as machine tools, automobile parts, industrial chemicals, and plastic moldings). A machine tool is a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by Machining, which is the selective removal of metal Molding is the process of Manufacturing by shaping pliable raw material using a rigid frame or model called a pattern. Nevertheless, there are well known Ohio consumer items including some Procter & Gamble products, Smuckers jams and jellies, and Day-Glo paints. Procter & Gamble Co ( P&G,) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio, that manufactures a wide The J M Smucker Company ( is a manufacturer of fruit spreads ice cream toppings health and natural foods beverages shortening and natural peanut butter in North America "Dayglo" redirects here For other meanings see Dayglo (disambiguation.

There are also numerous automobile plants in Ohio that manufacture cars, most notably the Jeep plant in Toledo, where the vehicles have been made since their initial release in World War II. Jeep is an Automobile Marque (and registered trademark of Chrysler. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Honda, Ford, and General Motors also have or had automobile plants in Ohio; in the case of the latter, one of their plants in Ohio (Lordstown Assembly, near Youngstown) is located right off the Ohio Turnpike with its own exit. () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. The Lordstown Complex (formerly known as Lordstown Assembly and Lordstown Metal Center is part of a General Motors Automobile factory in Lordstown Ohio Youngstown is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Mahoning County. The Ohio Turnpike (officially the James W Shocknessy Ohio Turnpike) is a -long Limited-access toll highway in the U

Ohio is the site of the invention of the airplane, resulting from the experiments of the Wright brothers in Dayton. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout (Wright State University located in Dayton is named in their honor. Wright State University is a public University in Ohio, US The university uses Dayton as its postal address (3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton ) Production of aircraft in the USA is now centered elsewhere, but a large experimental and design facility, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base has been located near Dayton and serves in the co-ordination of production of US military aircraft. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Greene and Montgomery counties eight miles (13 km) northeast of On the base are located Wright Hill and Huffman Prairie, where many of the earliest aerodynamic experiments of the Wright brothers were performed. Huffman Prairie, also known as Huffman Prairie Flying Field or Huffman Field is part of Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park. Ohio today also has many aerospace, defense, and NASA parts and systems suppliers scattered throughout the state. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program

As part of the Corn Belt, agriculture also plays an important role in the state's economy. Grain Belt The Grain Belt is an informal name for a United States region composed of the Prairie -region states across the northern Midwest There is also a small commercial fishing sector on Lake Erie, and the principal catch is yellow perch. The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking culturing processing preserving storing transporting marketing or selling fish or fish products The yellow perch ( Perca flavescens) is a species of Perch found in the United States and Canada, where it is often referred to by the shortform In addition, Ohio's historical attractions, varying landscapes, and recreational opportunities are the basis for a thriving tourist industry. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Over 2,500 lakes and 43,000 miles (70,000 km) of river landscapes are a paradise for boaters, fishermen, and swimmers. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Of special historical interest are the Native American archaeological sites—including grave mounds^[32] and other sites. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Mound Builder is a general term referring to the American Indians who constructed various styles of earthen Mounds for burial residential and ceremonial purposes According to the Ohio Department of Agriculture Ohio in 2001 ranked as 1st in Swiss cheese, 2nd in eggs,3rd in tomatoes, 5th in milk, 6th in corn, 6th in soybean, 8th in grapes, 9th in hogs, 9th in floriculture, and 11th in apples.

Two major amusement parks, Cedar Point, and Kings Island, are also important to the tourism industry. Cedar Point is a 364 acre (15 km² Amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, U Kings Island is a 364-acre (15 km² Theme park located in the city of Mason, in Warren County Ohio, USA. Ohio's Amish country is also a major pull for the State's tourism industry. Though still forming itself, tourism is becoming a major industry in Cleveland, especially medical tourism.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Ohio's gross state product in 2004 was $419 billion[1]. The Bureau of Economic Analysis ( BEA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that provides important economic statistics including the In 2006 the Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Ohio's gross state product was $461. The Bureau of Economic Analysis ( BEA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that provides important economic statistics including the 3 billion ranking it 7th in the nation [2]. If Ohio was its own nation in would be ranked 17th in GDP ranked behind the Netherlands and above Belgium. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $30,129, 25th in the nation. Ohio's agricultural outputs are soybeans, dairy products, corn, tomatoes, hogs, cattle, poultry, and eggs. A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family The domestic Pig (or in some areas hog) is normally given the scientific name Sus scrofa scrofa, though some taxonomists use the term Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Its industrial outputs are transportation equipment, fabricated metal products, machinery, food processing, and electricity equipment. According to the 2007 Fortune list Ohio had 28 Fortune 500 companies (ranked 5th nationally) and 60 Fortune 1000 companies (also ranked 5th nationally). 3 Ohio cities (Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland) have 5 or more Fortune 500 Companies (ranked 2nd behind Texas among the states.

Ohio's budget could face a deficit as high as $1. A budget deficit occurs when an Entity (often a Government) spends more Money than it takes in 9 billion in fiscal year 2009. ^[33][34]

Ohio is recognized for its health care, due to several flagship hospitals that operate in the northeast region of the state. The Cleveland Clinic, ranked among the three leading hospitals in the U. The Cleveland Clinic (formally known as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation) is a multispecialty academic medical center located in Cleveland, Ohio, S. , has its world headquarters and main campus in Cleveland. Its partner, the University Hospitals of Cleveland health system, includes the Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, ranked among the top ten children's hospitals in the country. University Hospitals is a major Not-for-profit medical center in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Cincinnati Children's Hospital is the leading center for research into childhood diseases in the state.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1800	45,365		—
1810	230,760		408. 7%
1820	581,434		152%
1830	937,903		61. 3%
1840	1,519,467		62%
1850	1,980,329		30. 3%
1860	2,339,511		18. 1%
1870	2,665,260		13. 9%
1880	3,198,062		20%
1890	3,672,329		14. 8%
1900	4,157,545		13. 2%
1910	4,767,121		14. 7%
1920	5,759,394		20. 8%
1930	6,646,697		15. 4%
1940	6,907,612		3. 9%
1950	7,946,627		15%
1960	9,706,397		22. 1%
1970	10,652,017		9. 7%
1980	10,797,630		1. 4%
1990	10,847,115		0. 5%
2000	11,353,140		4. 7%
Est. 2006	11,478,006		1. 1%

Demographics of Ohio (csv)
By race	White	Black	AIAN*	Asian	NHPI*
2000 (total population)	86. 83%	12. 18%	0. 67%	1. 41%	0. 06%
2000 (Hispanic only)	1. 70%	0. 19%	0. 05%	0. 02%	0. 01%
2005 (total population)	86. 27%	12. 66%	0. 66%	1. 68%	0. 07%
2005 (Hispanic only)	2. 05%	0. 20%	0. 05%	0. 03%	0. 01%
Growth 2000–05 (total population)	0. 32%	4. 98%	-1. 57%	20. 32%	9. 32%
Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only)	-0. 11%	4. 97%	-1. 96%	20. 48%	11. 15%
Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only)	22. 11%	5. 70%	3. 04%	10. 81%	-0. 26%
* AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

As of 2006, Ohio has an estimated population of 11,478,006,^[35] which is an increase of 7,321 from the prior year and an increase of 124,861 since the year 2000. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 263,004 people (that is 938,169 births minus 675,165 deaths) and a decrease from net migration of -145,718. Immigration from outside the United States contributed to a growth of 92,101 people, most coming from southeast and south Asia, yet net migration within the country resulted in a decrease of 237,819 people. American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. Ohio has witnessed an increase in the Laotian American and Thai American populations, as well as Asian Indians and Latin Americans. A Laotian American is a resident of the United States who was originally from Laos or whose parents were A Thai American is an American of Thai descent History in US The first people from Thailand who immigrated to the United States were In Indian Americans are Americans who are of Indian ancestry The U Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America

The center of population of Ohio is also located in Morrow County, in the county seat of Mount Gilead [3]. In Demographics, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region on average Morrow County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Mount Gilead is a village in Morrow County, Ohio, United States.

As of 2004, Ohio's population included about 390,000 foreign-born (3. 4%).

The largest ancestry groups in Ohio are German (25. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry 2%), Irish (12. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. 7%), African American (11. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa 5%), English (9. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry 2%), American (8. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct 5%), and Italian (6. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship 0%).

German is the largest reported ancestry in most of the counties in Ohio, especially in the northwest, central, and the extreme southwest. Ohioans who cited American and British ancestry are present throughout the state as well, particularly in the south-central part of the state. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Dayton have large African American communities. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Cleveland and Toledo have sizable Hispanic populations, while the Cleveland and Columbus areas have the largest Asian populations. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Greater Cleveland is home to a notably large Jewish community. Greater Cleveland is a Nickname for the Metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland, Ohio. American Jews, or Jewish Americans Other Ohio cities, such as Cincinnati, also have sizable Hungarian and Jewish populations.

6. 6% of Ohio's population were reported as under 5, 25. 4% under 18, and 13. 3% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51. 4% of the population.

Religion in Ohio

The first religious settlement in Ohio was founded in 1751 among the Huron Indians in what is now the Sandusky area. See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which Shortly afterward, Moravian missionaries converted some Delaware Indians to Christianity; the first Protestant church was founded by Congregationalist ministers at Marietta in 1788. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Dissident religious sects such as the Shakers, Amish, and Quakers moved into Ohio from the early 18th century onward,^[36] but the majority of settlers in the early 19th century were Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Disciples of Christ, and Episcopalians. The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, known as the Shakers, was a Protestant religious denomination that originated in Manchester The Amish (ˈɑːmɪʃ are members of an Anabaptist Christian denomination best known for Simple living, Plain dress and resisting modern conveniences Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America

According to the 2000 Census, Ohio's reported Roman Catholic population was 2,231,832, and state's Jewish population was 142,255, with the largest Jewish communities being in the Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Columbus metro areas. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Muslims in Ohio accounted for 41,281 people, while Ohio's communities of Amish and Mennonites -- among the largest in the nation -- tallied over 24,000 Amish and over 20,000 Mennonites respectively, located primarily in central Ohio.

The largest Protestant denominations and their adherents in 2000 were the United Methodist Church, 566,084; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, 301,749; the Southern Baptist Convention, 200,232; the Presbyterian Church USA, 160,800; the United Church of Christ, 157,180; Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, 142,571; and the American Baptist Churches USA, 117,757. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA) is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago Illinois. The Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC) is a United States -based mostly conservative Christian denomination The Presbyterian Church (USA or PC (USA is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, The Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ are a part of the Restoration Movement and share historical roots with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ The American Baptist Churches USA ( ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist Churches within the United States; the denomination maintains headquarters in About 6. 2 million people (55. 1% of the population) declined to be counted as members of any religious organization.

Political demographics and history

See also: U.S. Electoral College, Politics of Ohio, Ohio Democratic Party, and Ohio Republican Party

Politically, Ohio is considered a swing state. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. Historically control of Ohio has oscillated between the two major parties The Ohio Democratic Party is the Ohio affiliate to the national Democratic Party. The Ohio Republican Party is the Ohio state affiliate of the United States Republican Party. A swing state (also battleground state or purple state) in United States The Economist notes that, "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb,"^[37]

The mixture of urban and rural areas, and the presence of both large blue-collar industries and significant white-collar commercial districts leads to a balance of conservative and liberal population that (together with the state's 20 electoral votes, more than most swing states) makes the state very important to the outcome of national elections. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual Liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty whether they come from Ohio was a deciding state in the 2004 presidential election between George W. Bush and John Kerry. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Bush narrowly won the state's 20 electoral votes by a margin of 2 percentage points and 50. 8% of the vote [4]. The state supported Democrat Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996, but supported Republican George W. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H The United States presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice Bush in 2000 and 2004. The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Vice President, and Republican Ohio was also a deciding factor in the 1948 presidential election when Democrat Harry S. Truman defeated Republican Thomas Dewey (who had won the state four years earlier) and in the 1976 presidential election when Democrat Jimmy Carter defeated Republican Gerald Ford by a slim margin in Ohio and took the election. The United States presidential election of 1948 is considered by most Historians as the greatest election Upset in American history. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President

Ohio's demographics cause many to consider the state as a microcosm of the nation as a whole. A Republican presidential candidate has never won the White House without winning Ohio, and Ohio has gone to the winner of the election in all but two contests since 1892, backing only losers Thomas E. Dewey in 1944 (Ohio's John Bricker was his running mate) and Richard M. Nixon in 1960. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican The United States presidential election of 1944 took place while the United States was preoccupied with fighting World War II. John William Bricker ( September 6, 1893 March 22, 1986) was a United States Senator and Governor of Ohio. The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D Consequently, the state is very important to the campaigns of both major parties. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Ohio had 20 electoral votes in the Electoral College in 2004. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. ^[38]

Many political analysts divide the state into five distinct regions: a central region and one in each corner. These regions are as different from each other as most states, and the largest (northeast) is only twice the size of the smallest (southeast). The northeast, including Cleveland, Youngstown, Lorain/Elyria, and other industrial areas, votes solidly Democrat largely due to its traditionally strong unions. The northwest is largely farmland with a few small manufacturing cities such as Toledo and Lima, and leans slightly Republican. The southwest is the most heavily Republican part of the state, especially in the suburbs in between Dayton and Cincinnati. Libertarian candidates also run surprisingly strongly in this area. The Appalachian regions in the Southeast are a swing bloc, tending to favor the candidates who have strong economic agendas. The central part of the state, consisting of Columbus and its suburbs, is typical of many newly large cities: a poor urban Democratic core surrounded by a rich suburban Republican ring.

Ohio is known as the "Modern Mother of Presidents", having sent eight of its native sons to the White House. Seven of them were Republicans, and the other was a member of the Whig Party. The Whig Party was a Political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. ^[39]

"Ohio has excelled as a recruiting-ground for national political leaders. Between the Civil War and 1920, seven Ohioans were elected to the presidency, ending with Harding's election in 1920. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2 1865 August 2 1923 was the twenty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack aged At the same time, six Ohioans sat on the US Supreme Court and two served as Chief Justices. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U . . . 'Not since the Virginia dynasty dominated national government during the early years of the Republic' notes historian R. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Douglas Hurt, 'had a state made such a mark on national political affairs. '

Ohioans dominated national politics for seventy years, because Ohio was to a large extent a microcosm of the nation. Hurt writes that the elements of that microcosm were 'the diversity of the people, the strength of the industrial and agricultural economy, and the balance between rural and urban populations. ' He continues: 'The individuals who played major roles in national affairs appealed to broad national constituencies because they learned their skills in Ohio, where political success required candidates to reconcile wide differences among the voters. Ohioans were northerners and southerners as well as easterners and westerners. Consequently, Ohio's politicians addressed constituencies that were the same as those across the nation. ' Finally, the pragmatic and centrist character of Ohio politics, Hurt asserts, has made it 'job-oriented rather than issue oriented. '"^[40]

Education

Ohio's system of public education is outlined in Article VI of the state constitution, and in Title XXXIII of the Ohio Revised Code. Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the Government, whether national regional or local provided by an institution The Ohio Constitution is the basic governing document of the State of Ohio, which in 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of America. The Ohio Revised Code contains all acts passed by the Ohio General Assembly and signed by the governor. Substantively, Ohio's system is similar to those found in other states. Education in the United States is provided mainly by government with control and funding coming from three levels federal, state, and local. At the State level, the Ohio Department of Education, which is overseen by the Ohio State Board of Education, governs primary and secondary educational institutions. The Ohio State Board of Education is the governing body of the Ohio Department of Education, the State education agency of Ohio. At the municipal level, there are approximately 700 school districts statewide. The Ohio Board of Regents coordinates and assists with Ohio's institutions of higher education which have recently been reorganized into the University System of Ohio under Governor Strickland. The Ohio Board of Regents is the coordinating board for higher education in Ohio. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The University System of Ohio is the public University system of the U The system averages an annual enrollment of over 400,000 students, making it one of the five largest state university systems in the U. S.

Colleges and universities

Main article: List of colleges and universities in Ohio

• 13 state universities
  • University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
  • Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
  • Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio
  • University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
  • Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
  • Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
  • Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
  • The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
  • Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, Ohio
  • University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
  • Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (Fairborn, Ohio)
  • Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio
• 24 state university branch and regional campuses
• 46 private colleges and universities ^{a b}
• 6 free-standing state-assisted medical schools
  • University of Toledo College of Medicine (formerly Medical University of Ohio)
  • Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
  • The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health
  • Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
  • Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
• 15 community colleges
• 8 technical colleges
• 24 independent non-profit colleges

^a Included among these is the University of Dayton, which is a private, Roman Catholic university run by the Society of Mary. The State of Ohio is the home of a number of public and private institutions of higher learning A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The University of Akron is an open enrollment regional institution of higher learning located in Akron Ohio. Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. Bowling Green State University (BGSU is a public four-year institution located in Bowling Green Ohio, USA, about 20 miles south of Toledo Ohio on Bowling Green is the County seat of Wood County in the US state of Ohio. Central State University is a historically black university located in Wilberforce Ohio. Wilberforce is a Census-designated place (CDP in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Cleveland State University ( abbr CSU) is a Public university located in Cleveland Ohio. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Kent State University (also known as Kent, Kent State, or KSU) is one of America’s largest university systems the third largest university Kent is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the Cuyahoga River in the northeastern part of Ohio and the Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes is a Coeducational Public university founded in 1809 Oxford is a city in northwestern Butler County, Ohio, United States, in the southwestern portion of the state Ohio University is a public university located in Athens Ohio that is situated on a 1800 acre (7 Athens is a historic College town in the southeastern part of the U The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Shawnee State University (SSU is a public University located in Southern Ohio. Portsmouth is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Scioto County. The University of Toledo is a public University situated in Toledo Ohio. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article Wright State University is a public University in Ohio, US The university uses Dayton as its postal address (3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. Fairborn is a city in Greene County, Ohio, United States, near Dayton and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Youngstown State University, founded in 1908 is an accredited University located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. Youngstown is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Mahoning County. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine This article refers to The University of Toledo Medical Center a medical school and teaching hospital in Toledo Ohio (formerly the Medical College of Ohio and the Medical University Ohio University is a public university located in Athens Ohio that is situated on a 1800 acre (7 The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Wright State University is a public University in Ohio, US The university uses Dayton as its postal address (3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage The University of Dayton (abbreviated UD) is a private Catholic University operated by the Society of Mary located in Dayton Ohio The Society of Mary, a Roman Catholic Marian Society, is a congregation of brothers and priests called the Marianists or Marianist Brothers

^b Two of these institutions are ranked among the top 40 in the nation: Case Western Reserve University, and Oberlin College. Case Western Reserve University is a private research university located in Cleveland Ohio, United States, with some residence halls on the south end of campus Oberlin College is a private Liberal arts college in Oberlin Ohio.

Libraries

Ohio is home to some of the nation's highest-ranking public libraries. ^[41] The 2006 study by Thomas J. Hennen Jr. ranked Ohio as number one in a state-by-state comparison. For 2006, Ohio's three largest library systems were all ranked in the top ten for American cities of 500,000 or more:^[42]

• Cuyahoga County Public Library (first)
• Columbus Metropolitan Library (third)
• The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County (eighth)

The Ohio Public Library Information Network (OPLIN) is an organization that provides Ohio residents with internet access to their 251 public libraries. Cuyahoga County Public Library serves the suburbs of Cleveland Ohio and was ranked the number two Public library in the United States among libraries serving populations The Columbus Metropolitan Library ( CML) was ranked #1 in the United States by Hennen's American Public Library Rating Index for 2005 The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County ( PLCH) is among the largest and busiest Public library systems in the world with its main location in downtown The Ohio Public Library Information Network (OPLIN is a compact organization that provides Ohio residents with Internet access to their 251 public libraries The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks OPLIN also provides Ohioans with free home access to high-quality, subscription research databases.

Ohio also offers the OhioLINK program, allowing Ohio's libraries (particularly those from colleges and universities) access to materials in other libraries. The Ohio Library and Information Network, OhioLINK is a consortium of Ohio’s College and University libraries and the State Library The program is largely successful in allowing researchers access to books and other media that might not otherwise be available.

Sports

Professional

The first openly all-professional sports team called Ohio home: The Cincinnati Red Stockings of Major League Baseball formed in 1869. The Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were Baseball 's first openly all-professional team Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Today, Ohio is home to several professional sports teams, including seven major professional sports league franchises.

Ohio is currently the only state to have teams in each of the major leagues without one city or metro area that can lay claim to the "Grand Slam," though Cleveland briefly held this status from 1976 to 1978. There are 13 US cities with teams from four major sports where "city" is defined as the entire metropolitan area and " Major professional sports leagues Major professional sporting teams in Ohio include:

• Major League Baseball
  • Cincinnati Reds - NL
  • Cleveland Indians - AL

• National Football League
  • Cincinnati Bengals
  • Cleveland Browns

• National Basketball Association
  • Cleveland Cavaliers

• National Hockey League
  • Columbus Blue Jackets

• Major League Soccer
  • Columbus Crew

Former major league teams:

• Akron Pros (NFL) (1920-1925)
• Canton Bulldogs (NFL) (1920-1923 and 1925-1926)
• Portsmouth Spartans (NFL) (1930-1933)
• Cincinnati Red Stockings (NL)(1876-1880)
• Cleveland Blues (NL) (1879-1884)
• Cleveland Spiders (AA-NL) (1887-1899)
• Cleveland Rams (NFL) (1936-1945)
• Cleveland Rebels ( BAA) (1946-1947)
• Cincinnati Royals (NBA) (1957-1972)
• Cleveland Barons (NHL) (1976-1978)
• Cleveland Crusaders (WHA) (1972-1976)
• Cincinnati Stingers (WHA) (1975-1979). The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cleveland Cavaliers (also known as the Cavs) are a professional Basketball team based in Cleveland Ohio. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional Ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The Columbus Crew is a professional soccer club based in Columbus Ohio that participates in Major League Soccer. The Akron Pros were a National Football League team that played in Akron Ohio from 1920&ndash1925 and as the Akron Indians in 1926 Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Canton Bulldogs were a professional American football team based in Canton Ohio, in the National Football League from 1920 to 1923 and 1925 to Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Detroit Lions are an American football team based in Detroit Michigan. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were Baseball 's first openly all-professional team Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Cleveland Blues were a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland Ohio that operated in the National League from 1879 to 1884 Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Cleveland Spiders were a Major League Baseball team which played between 1887 and 1899 in Cleveland Ohio. This article refers to the former Baseball major league that existed from 1882 to 1891 Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The St Louis Rams are a professional American football team based in St Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Franchise history The Rebels were an inaugural franchise in the BAA's first season Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sacramento Kings are a professional Basketball team based in Sacramento California. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cleveland Barons were a professional Ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL from 1976–78 Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Cleveland Crusaders were a professional Ice hockey team from Cleveland Ohio. The World Hockey Association (French Association Mondiale de Hockey) was a professional Ice hockey league that operated in North America from 1972 Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cincinnati Stingers were an Ice hockey team based out of Cincinnati Ohio that played in the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)
• Dayton Triangles (NFL) (1920-1929)
• Cleveland Rockers (WNBA) (1997-2003)

Other Ohio professional sports teams

Baseball Minor League Baseball Akron Aeros Chillicothe Paints Columbus Clippers Dayton Dragons Lake County Captains Mahoning Valley Scrappers Toledo Mud Hens Softball National Pro Fastpitch Akron Racers

Football Arena Football League Columbus Destroyers Cleveland Gladiators Arena Football 2 (AF2) League Mahoning Valley Thunder National Indoor Football League Cincinnati Marshals Continental Indoor Football League Marion Mayhem Miami Valley Silverbacks American Indoor Football Association Canton Legends National Women's Football Association Cleveland Fusion Columbus Comets Cincinnati Sizzle United States Australian Football League Cincinnati Dockers

Hockey American Hockey League Cleveland Lake Erie Monsters Central Hockey League Youngstown Steelhounds East Coast Hockey League Cincinnati Cyclones Dayton Bombers Toledo Walleye (beginning 2009) North American Hockey League Mahoning Valley Phantoms Mid-Atlantic Hockey League Auburn(Geauga) Lake Erie Vikings Soccer United Soccer Leagues Cincinnati Kings Cleveland City Stars

College and high school

Ohio is also known for being full of rabid fans of college and high school football. The Dayton Triangles were an original franchise of the American Professional Football Association (now the National Football League) in 1920 Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cleveland Rockers was a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA team that played from 1997 until 2003 Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The Akron Aeros are a Minor league baseball team based in Akron Ohio, USA. The Chillicothe Paints are a baseball team based in Chillicothe Ohio, in the United States. The Columbus Clippers are a Minor league baseball team based in Columbus, Ohio. The Dayton Dragons are a Class A Minor league baseball team affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds. The Lake County Captains are a Minor league baseball team in Eastlake Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. The Mahoning Valley Scrappers are a minor league Baseball club based in Niles Ohio, a city in the valley of the Mahoning River. The Toledo Mud Hens are a Minor league baseball team located in Toledo Ohio. Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States. National Pro Fastpitch (NPF formerly the Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL is the only professional women's Softball league in the United States 2007 Roster NAME - POSITION - HOMETOWN / COLLEGE Brittany Barnes 2B/3B Lawrenceville GA / GA Tech American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The Arena Football League (AFL was founded in 1987 as an American football indoor league. The Columbus Destroyers are an Arena Football League team The Destroyers franchise was founded in Buffalo New York in 1999, and have played in Columbus The Cleveland Gladiators are an Arena Football League franchise based in Cleveland Ohio. af2 (short for arenafootball2) is the name of the Arena Football League 's Minor league, which started play in 2000. The Mahoning Valley Thunder are a professional Af2 Arena football team National Indoor Football League was a minor league indoor football league that is based in the United States. History The Marshals started out as the Waco Marshals in 2004 but finished their inaugural season with a disappointing 2-8 record The Continental Indoor Football League ( CIFL) is an indoor football league based along the Northeastern United States region Background The Marion Mayhem are a charter member of the Continental Indoor Football League. The Miami Valley Silverbacks are a professional Indoor football team based out of Troy Ohio. The Canton Legends are a professional Indoor football team based out of Canton Ohio. The National Women's Football Association (NWFA is a full-contact American football league for women headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Cleveland Fusion is a woman's American football team based in Bedford Ohio. The Columbus Comets American football team is a member of the National Women's Football Association. Cincinnati Sizzle is a women's Professional football team from Cincinnati Ohio. The United States Australian Football League (also known informally as the USAFL or US Footy) is the governing body for Australian rules football Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary The Lake Erie Monsters are an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. The Central Hockey League (CHL is a mid-level Professional hockey league owned by Global Entertainment Corporation. The Youngstown SteelHounds are a professional Ice hockey team that participated in the CHL from the 2005-2006 season through the 2007-2008 season The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a Professional Ice hockey league based in Princeton New Jersey, with teams scattered The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional hockey team based in Cincinnati Ohio. The Dayton Bombers are entering their 18th season as an ECHL Ice hockey team located in Dayton Ohio, USA. The Toledo Walleye will be a Minor league professional Ice hockey team based in Toledo Ohio at the new Lucas County Arena. see also North American Hockey League (1973–1977 The North American Hockey League (NAHL and the defunct America West Hockey League First season The league cancelled the remainder of the 2007-08 season and suspended operations on February 12 2008 declaring the Indiana Ice Miners league champions The Lake Erie Vikings were an Ice hockey team that played in the defunct Mid-Atlantic Hockey League. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The United Soccer Leagues ( USL) is the parent organization for the men's lower division leagues of US and Canadian soccer USL First Division (second division Cincinnati Kings are an American Soccer team founded in 2005. Cleveland City Stars is an American professional Soccer team founded in 2006 Ohio State is the 5th winningest program in NCAA history and has 7 National Championships and 7 Heisman Trophy winners. The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Cincinnati, Akron, Ohio, Miami University, Bowling Green, Toledo and Kent State all also compete in Division I-A Football Bowl Subdivision, the highest level of College Football. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. The University of Akron is an open enrollment regional institution of higher learning located in Akron Ohio. Ohio University is a public university located in Athens Ohio that is situated on a 1800 acre (7 Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes is a Coeducational Public university founded in 1809 Bowling Green State University (BGSU is a public four-year institution located in Bowling Green Ohio, USA, about 20 miles south of Toledo Ohio on The University of Toledo is a public University situated in Toledo Ohio. Kent State University (also known as Kent, Kent State, or KSU) is one of America’s largest university systems the third largest university American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Toledo holds one of the nation's longest Division I football winning streaks, winning 35 consecutive games from 1969 to 1971 under quarterback Chuck Ealey. Youngstown State is a perennial power in Division I-AA Football Championship Subdivision having won 4 I-AA Championships under current Ohio State Coach Jim Tressel. Youngstown State University, founded in 1908 is an accredited University located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. James Patrick Tressel (born December 5, 1952) is the current head football coach at The Ohio State University. Mount Union College is the dynasty of Division III college football with 11 National Championships and a record 62 game winning streak at one point. Mount Union College is a 4-year private Liberal arts College in Alliance Ohio.

Massillon Washington High School in Massillon has won 9 high school football national championship polls and 31 state championships. Massillon Washington High School, is a secondary school located in Massillon Ohio. Colerain High School is rising to be a dynasty in its own right, and is scheduled to face Massillon at Cleveland Browns Stadium in 2008.

Cincinnati's Greater Catholic League, consisting of boy's Catholic high schools from the Greater Cincinnati and Dayton areas, is one of the most competitive leagues in the state and the country. Not including its all-girls counterpart, the GGCL, the GCL has laid claim to over 110 state titles and more than 315 individual state titles, as well as numerous national championships. In particular, the GCL South Division has achieved a great deal of success. Consisting of the four, large all-male schools of Elder, LaSalle, Moeller and St. Xavier, four of the last six Division I State Football Championships have come from this division. Elder High School is a parochial all-male, college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, La Salle High School is a Catholic parochial high school in Cincinnati Ohio, USA. Archbishop Moeller High School (often known as Moeller, ˈmolɚ is a private all-male, comprehensive, college-preparatory high school Saint Xavier High School (ˈzeɪvjɚ often abbreviated St X) is a private all-male, college-preparatory High school in Finneytown

Recent Team State Championships for the GCL South:

• Elder Panthers: Football (2002, 2003), Baseball (2004)
• LaSalle Lancers: Cross Country (2005, 2006)
• Moeller Crusaders: Baseball (2004), Basketball (2003, 2007), Volleyball (2004, 2007)
• St. Xavier Bombers: Baseball (2003), Cross Country (2003), Football (2005, 2007), Tennis (2006, 2007), Swimming (2002-2004, 2006, 2007), Volleyball (2006)

Ohio High School's Federal League, including the McKinley Bulldogs, Perry Panthers, Jackson Polar Bears, North Canton Hoover Vikings, Lake Blue Streaks, GlenOak Eagles, Austintown Fitch Falcons, and the Boardman Spartans, have one of the most competitive leagues in Ohio when it comes to sports.

Recent Championships for Federal League: Jackson Polar Bears- State Finalist-Mens Soccer- 2007 Jackson Polar Bears-State Runner-ups-Women's Cross Country-2005 Hoover Vikings- State Finalist- Softball- 2007- D1- Beat by Hudson. Hoover Vikings- State Champs- Softball- 2006- WP- Jessica Simpson- D1. Lake Blue Streaks- State Champs- Softball- 2005 WP- Julie Boyes- D1. Lake Blue Streaks- State Finalist- Softball- 2004- D1- Beat by St. Ursala. Lake Blue Streaks- Mike Miller, three-time Ohio Wrestling State Champion 2003, 2004, 2005 Canton Mckinley Bulldogs - State Champs - Basketball - 2005/2006. First team to win the title back to back.

Transportation

Many major east-west transportation corridors go through Ohio. One of those pioneer routes, known in the early 1900s as "Main Market Route 3", was chosen in 1913 to become part of the historic Lincoln Highway which was the first road across America, connecting New York City to San Francisco. The Lincoln Highway was the first automobile road across America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city In Ohio, the Lincoln Highway linked many towns and cities together, including Canton, Mansfield, Lima, and Van Wert. Canton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Stark County. Mansfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Richland County. Lima (ˈlaɪmə is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Allen County. Van Wert is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Van Wert County. The arrival of the Lincoln Highway to Ohio was a major influence on the development of the state. Upon the advent of the federal numbered highway system in 1926, the Lincoln Highway through Ohio became U.S. Highway 30. US Route 30 is an east-west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country

Ohio also is home to 228 miles (367 km) of the Historic National Road, now U.S. Route 40. US 40svg|right|100px|thumb|The National Road is now included as part of U

Ohio has a highly developed network of roads and interstate highways. Major east-west through routes include the Ohio Turnpike (I-80/I-90) in the north, I-76 through Akron to Pennsylvania, U.S. 30 (the Lincoln Highway) a bit further south through Canton, Mansfield, Lima, and Van Wert, I-70 through Columbus and Dayton, and the Appalachian Highway (Ohio 32) running from West Virginia to Cincinnati. The Ohio Turnpike (officially the James W Shocknessy Ohio Turnpike) is a -long Limited-access toll highway in the U Interstate 80 (I-80 is the second-longest Interstate Highway in the United States (after I-90) Interstate 90 (I-90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3100 miles (5000 kilometers Interstate 76 (abbreviated I-76) is an Interstate Highway in the United States, running 435 miles (700 km from an interchange with Interstate 71 Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern US Route 30 is an east-west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country The Lincoln Highway was the first automobile road across America. Canton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Stark County. Mansfield is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Richland County. Lima (ˈlaɪmə is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Allen County. Van Wert is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Van Wert County. Interstate 70 (I-70 is an Interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 near Cove Fort Utah, to a Park and Ride Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. State Route 32, also known as the James A Rhodes Appalachian Highway, is a major east-west highway across the southern portion of the U West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Major north-south routes include I-75 in the west through Toledo, Dayton, and Cincinnati, I-71 through the middle of the state from Cleveland through Columbus and Cincinnati into Kentucky, and I-77 in the eastern part of the state from Cleveland through Akron, Canton, New Philadelphia and Marietta down into West Virginia. Interstate 75 (I-75 is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States. This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. Interstate 71 (I-71 is an Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern region of the United States. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Interstate 77 (abbreviated I-77) is an Interstate highway in the eastern United States. Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. Canton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Stark County. New Philadelphia is a city in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States, 71 miles south of Cleveland on the Tuscarawas River. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. Interstate 75 between Cincinnati and Dayton is one of the heaviest section of traveled interstate in Ohio.

Air travel includes Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, which is a major hub for Continental Airlines, as well as Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (located in the state of Kentucky), which is a major hub for Delta Air Lines. Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is a public Airport located nine miles (14 km) southwest of the Central business district of Cleveland Continental Airlines Inc ( is a United States certificated air carrier. Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport is located in Hebron, unincorporated Boone County, Kentucky, United States and serves the Delta Air Lines Inc ( is a United States Airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Other major airports are located in Dayton, Toledo, Columbus, and Akron-Canton. James M Cox Dayton International Airport, also referred to as simply Dayton International Airport, is a public Airport located nine miles (14 km north of the Toledo Express Airport is a public Airport located 10 miles (16 km) west of the city of Toledo in Lucas County, Ohio, USA Port Columbus International Airport, commonly shortened to Port Columbus, is an international Airport located 6 miles (10 Kilometers) east of

See also: List of airports in Ohio

Transportation Lists

• List of Ohio state highways
• List of Ohio train stations
• List of Ohio railroads
• List of Ohio rivers
• Historic Ohio Canals

State symbols

Main article: List of Ohio state symbols

• State animal: White-tailed Deer (1987)
• State beverage: Tomato juice (1965)
• State bird: Cardinal (1933)
• State capital: Columbus
• State flower: Scarlet Carnation (1904)
• State fossil: Trilobite genus Isotelus (1985)
• State herb capital: Gahanna (1972)
• State insect: Ladybug Beetle (1975)
• State motto: "With God all things are possible. A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U The White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized Deer found throughout This is a list of official state beverages: Tomato juice is a Juice made from squeezed Tomatoes It is usually used as a Beverage, either plain or in Cocktails such as a Bloody Mary This is a list of US state birds as designated by each state's legislature The Northern Cardinal ( Cardinalis cardinalis) is a North American Bird in the Cardinal family. In countries with federal Constitutions divided into subnational entities known as states, the state capital is the administrative center Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Most American states have made a state fossil designation in many cases during the 1980s. Trilobites ("three-lobes" are extinct Arthropods that form the class Trilobita. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Isotelus is a genus of asaphid Trilobite from the middle and upper Ordovician period fairly common in the Northeastern United States Gahanna is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 32636 at the 2000 census. This is a list of United States state insects note that some states have more than one designated insect or have multiple categories (e Beetles are the group of Insects with the largest number of known Species. This page lists state and national Mottos for the world's independent States The mottos for some states lacking general international recognition and " (1959)
• State rock song: "Hang On Sloopy" (1985)
• State song: "Beautiful Ohio" (1969)
• State tree: Buckeye (1953)
• State reptile: Black racer snake (1995)
• State stone: Ohio Flint (1965)
• State wildflower: Large white trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) (1986)
• Slogans
  • "Ohio, the heart of it all!" Used on Ohio's license plates and welcome signs between the years 1985-2001 (license plates) and 1991-2005 (welcome signs). Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. " Hang on Sloopy " is a song by the pop group The McCoys which was #1 in America in October 1965 and is the official rock song of the state of Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state "Beautiful Ohio" is the official song of the US State of Ohio. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas The tree species Aesculus glabra is commonly known as Ohio buckeye, American buckeye, or fetid buckeye. This is a list of official US state reptiles: See also Lists of United States state insignia Not every state has an official state mineral rock stone or gemstone Flint (or flintstone) is a hard sedimentary Cryptocrystalline form of the Mineral Quartz, categorized as a variety of Chert A wildflower (or wild flower) is a Flower that grows wild meaning it was not intentionally seeded or planted Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, or in French as trille The connotation being that the state's shape resembles a heart symbol -- and also that most people consider Ohio the beginning of the US Heartland. ^[43] The town of North Baltimore, Ohio in Wood County makes the claim of being "The Cross Roads of The Heartland" in yet another claim of Ohio being the Heart of it all and the start of the Heartland. North Baltimore is a village in Wood County, Ohio, United States. Wood County is the name of four counties in the United States: Wood County Ohio Wood County Texas Wood ^[44]
  • "Ohio, so much to discover. " Adopted as part of state bicentennial campaign. Also used on welcome signs since 2001, although the signs on I-75 still were the blue "The Heart of It All Signs" until August of 2005)
  • "Birthplace Of Aviation" Used on Ohio license plates and welcome signs since 2001. It also appears similarly in Ohio's design for the 50 State Quarters program with the addition of the word "Pioneers". The 50 State Quarters program ( is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint.
  • "The Buckeye State" Common state nickname ^[45] (Ohio residents are often called Buckeyes)
• The Ohio-class SSBN program and the first ship of the program, the USS Ohio (SSBN-726), were named after Ohio. History The first eight Ohio -class submarines were originally equipped with 24 Trident-I (C4 Submarine-launched ballistic missiles Beginning with Awards Acting Navy Secretary Robert B Pirie Jr announced the 2001 winners of the Navy Captain Edward F

There has been an attempt to make the pawpaw the state fruit, but this has been blocked by others who wish to make the apple the state fruit. This page refers to the US pawpaw in the genus Asimina. In some other parts of the world the name pawpaw is applied to the unrelated tropical fruit Papaya This is a list of official US state foods: The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. This has resulted in a bumper sticker that may often be seen in southeastern Ohio saying "I'm pro-pawpaw - and I vote!"^[46]

See also

• List of Ohio-related topics

References

External links

• Ohio History Central
• State of Ohio Official Website
• State of Ohio Official Travel and Tourism Website
• USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Ohio
• U.S. Census Bureau
• Ohio State Facts
• State of Ohio wiki
• Ohio Earthquake Information

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