Odoacer (435 – 493), also known as Odovacar (from the Germanic Audawakrs, meaning "watchful of wealth"), was a Roman general and the first Germanic King of Italy (476-493), who deposed the Western Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus in 476. For the article on the Movie camera, see Arriflex 435. Events By Place Western Roman Empire August 3 - Events By Place Europe February 25 — Odoacer agrees to a mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, and is later killed The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Romulus Augustus (c 461/463 &ndash after 476 sometimes known as Romulus Augustulus ( Little Augustus) was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire [1]
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Early life
Odoacer was probably the son of the Scirian chieftain Edeko, who was a Germanic vassal chieftain at the court of Attila. The Scirii (also Skiri or Scirians) were a grouping of East Germanic peoples attested in historical works between the 2nd century BC and 5th century AD Edeko was for some time the chief of the Skirs. He was the father of Odoacer, who became Magister militum in the Roman Army and king of Italy The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic All the Germanic vassals of the Huns broke free the Battle of Nedao in 454, where the Germanic vassals (Gepids, Ostrogoths, Scirians, Herules and Rugians) unleashed a great defeat against the Huns and Alans. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy The Battle of Nedao named after the Nedava, a tributary of the Sava, was a Battle fought in Pannonia in 454. Events By Place Western Roman Empire September 21 — During a meeting in his throne room in Ravenna, Emperor Valentinian The Gepids (Gepidae Gifðas ( Beowulf, Widsith) - possibly from * Gibiðos, "givers" or gepanta, see below were The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late The Heruli (spelled variously in Latin and Greek) were a nomadic Germanic people, who were subjugated by the Ostrogoths Huns and The Rugians (Rugii were an East Germanic tribe whose ultimate origins have been traced to Rogaland in Norway, whose population probably was the The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people After this battle, the Scirians split up. Parts joined the Visigoths, other parts joined the Ostrogoths and the rest of the Scirians united with a part of the Herules and became foederati of the Western Roman Empire. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Foederatus (pl foederati) is a Latin term whose definition and usage drifted in the time between the early Roman Republic and the The foederati were sent to Gaul. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Odoacer was a slave in the foederati, but as the son of Edeko, he always remained a nobleman among the Scirians. The foederati were pulled out of Gaul and sent to Italy by Ricimer under the rule of Anthemius in 466. Ricimer (c 405 &ndash August 18, 472) (ˈrikimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century See Anthemius of Tralles for an architect of Hagia Sophia. For the Praetorian prefect and grandfather of the Emperor see Anthemius (praetorian prefect Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Emperor Leo I repels the Hun invasion of Dacia.
Leader of the foederati
In 470, Odoacer was appointed leader of the foederati. Events By Place Europe Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats an attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic In 475, Orestes was appointed Magister militum and patrician by the Western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos; he was therefore made head of the Germanic foederati of Italy (the Scirian - Herulic foederati). Events By place Western Roman Empire 28 August — Flavius Orestes forces western Julius Nepos to flee and declares Orestes (died August 28 476 was a Roman politician who was briefly in control of the Western Roman Empire in 475&ndash6 Magister militum ( Latin for "Master of the Soldiers" was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and Julius Nepos (c 430–480 was a Western Roman Emperor (474–475 or –480 during the last stage of the Western Roman Empire. Orestes promised them a third of the Italic peninsula if they led the revolt against Emperor Nepos. The foederati were 30,000 strong (plus families), and they had lived on the Italic peninsula for several years at this point; however, they had only received scraps of land in relatively unfertile areas around the Apennine mountains. The foederati accepted the offer and led the revolt as planned; on August 28, 475 they defeated Nepos, who fled to Dalmatia. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Events By place Western Roman Empire 28 August — Flavius Orestes forces western Julius Nepos to flee and declares Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern With the emperor far away, Orestes elevated his son Romulus to the rank of Augustus, so that the last Western Roman Emperor is known as Romulus Augustus. Romulus Augustus (c 461/463 &ndash after 476 sometimes known as Romulus Augustulus ( Little Augustus) was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from
After the revolt, Orestes, as magister militum, organised his own army. Behind the safety of his army, Orestes rescinded his pledge to the foederati; as a result, the foederati revolted and defeated Orestes. Odoacer was the leader of the revolt against Orestes, who was captured and executed. After the revolt, the Germanic foederati, the Scirians and the Herules, as well as a large segment of the Italic Roman army, proclaimed Odoacer rex Italiae ("king of Italy"). In 476, Odoacer advanced to Ravenna, capturing the city and the young emperor. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Romulus was compelled to abdicate on September 4, 476. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire In the same year Odoacer renounced the meaningless title of Emperor, which was a wise move that avoided a conflict with Constantinople. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS He sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Emperor Zeno and declared himself Patrician of the Western Half (which, by this time, was no more than the Italian peninsula). Insignia (the plural of Latin insigne: emblem symbol is a Symbol or Token of personal power, Status or Office Flavius Zeno, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Byzantine Emperor ( Circa Odoacer was then confirmed as rex Italiae by Zeno later in 476. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire The rightful Western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos remained powerless in exile in Dalmatia, where he would live until his assassination in 480. Events By Place Europe Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed
King of Italy
In 476, Odoacer officially became the first Germanic King of Italy and a new era began. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire Odoacer was an Arian Christian and is said to have been illiterate. Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (c AD 250-336 who was ruled a heretic by the Christian church at the Council of Nicea. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The warriors and the families in Odoacer's foederati received lands in Italy and became beneficiaries of a special tax policy. Odoacer retained the Roman administration, senate, law and tax system of Italy intact. In return, he won a high level of support from the senate and people.
Odoacer raised an Italic-Germanic army with which he defeated the Vandals in Sicily. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. He was able to conquer the whole island by 477. Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle In 480, he and his Italic-Germanic army conquered all of ancient Dalmatia, after the death (possibly by assassination) of Western Emperor Julius Nepos. Events By Place Europe Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern After this, he received the right to appoint a council and to issue his own coinage. He made pacts with the Visigoths and Franks and joined them in battle against the Burgundians, Alamanni, and Saxons. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes.
As Odoacer's kingdom expanded, his popularity among the Italic people grew, and his pacts with the Franks and Visigoths gave him increased influence. All these things started to worry Zeno, the Eastern Emperor, who increasingly saw Odoacer as a rival. Flavius Zeno, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Byzantine Emperor ( Circa In 487 Odoacer led his army to victory against the Rugians in Noricum, but he did not incorporate it into his own kingdom. For the processor see Intel 80487. Events Births Xiao Baoyin The Rugians (Rugii were an East Germanic tribe whose ultimate origins have been traced to Rogaland in Norway, whose population probably was the Noricum, in ancient Geography, was a Celtic kingdom (perhaps better described as a federation of by tradition twelve tribes stretching over the area of The remaining Rugians fled and took refuge with the Ostrogoths. Rugiland was left open and by 493 was settled by the Lombards. Events By Place Europe February 25 — Odoacer agrees to a mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, and is later killed The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from In 488, Emperor Zeno started a mostly verbal campaign against Odoacer, accusing him of playing a major part in the revolt of Illus in 484. Events By Place Europe Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths. Illus (d 488 was a Byzantine general who played an important role in the reigns of the Byzantine Emperors Zeno and Basiliscus. Events By Place Europe December 28 — Alaric II succeeds Euric as king of the Visigoths. With these claims, Zeno convinced his Ostrogothic vassals that Odoacer was an enemy and should be removed. Zeno promised Theodoric son of Amal and his Ostrogoths the Italic peninsula if they were to defeat and remove Odoacer. Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of In the same year, 488, Theodoric led the Ostrogoths across the Julian Alps and into Italy. Events By Place Europe Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths. The Julian Alps (Julijske Alpe Alpi Giulie are a Mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from north-eastern Italy to Slovenia The accusation that Odoacer was part of the Illus revolt was a lie, fabricated by Byzantine noblemen, generals, and Zeno who wanted the now mighty Odoacer removed. With this scenario, the Byzantines killed two birds with one stone. They removed the Ostrogoths from the Balkans and their border and at the same time conveniently caused Odoacer to disappear from the scene.
Death
Theodoric and his Ostrogoths defeated Odoacer at Aquileia in 488, at Verona in 489, and at the Adda River in 490. Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of Aquileia (also called Aquilegia, Friulian Acuilee/Aquilee, Slovene Oglej) is an ancient Roman city in what is Events By Place Europe Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths. Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Events By place Europe Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, continues his invasion of Italy with the approval of Byzantine The Adda (Latin Abdua, or Addua) is a river in North Italy, a tributary of the Po. Events By Place Europe April 1 — The majority of Odoacer 's army including his Magister militum Tufa surrenders In that same year, Theodoric besieged Odoacer at Ravenna. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The siege lasted three years and was marked by dozens of attacks on both sides. This massive siege is known as the Battle for Ravenna. In the end, neither side won this battle. On February 2, 493, Theodoric and Odoacer signed a treaty that assured both parties would rule over Italy. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Events By Place Europe February 25 — Odoacer agrees to a mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, and is later killed A banquet was organised in order to celebrate this treaty. It was at this banquet that Theodoric, after making a toast, killed Odoacer with his own hands.
Theodoric became the new king of Italy and established an Ostrogothic kingdom that was ruled from Ravenna. The remainder of Odoacer's foederati joined the Ostrogoths and were allowed to remain in Italy. Many of the fathers of these warriors and a number of the warriors themselves had fought together with the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Nedao in 454. The Battle of Nedao named after the Nedava, a tributary of the Sava, was a Battle fought in Pannonia in 454. Events By Place Western Roman Empire September 21 — During a meeting in his throne room in Ravenna, Emperor Valentinian
The events around the Battle of Ravenna were used in the Germanic heroic saga of Dietrich von Bern (Theodoric of Verona). The event in which Theodoric kills Odoacer with his own hands is mirrored in the saga in the episode in which Dietrich kills the Dwarf King Laurin.
Notes
Sources
| Preceded by Romulus Augustus as Western Roman Emperor |
King of Italy 476–493 |
Succeeded by Theodoric the Great |
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