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Oda Nobunaga
June 23, 1534–June 21, 1582

Oda Nobunaga
Nickname Demon King (魔王 Ma-Ō)
Place of birth Nagoya Castle, Owari Province
Place of death Honnō-ji, Kyoto
In this Japanese name, the family name is Oda. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. is located in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Castle History Imagawa Ujichika built the original castle around 1525 was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of present day Aichi Prefecture. is a temple of the Nichiren branch of Buddhism located in Kyoto, Japan. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs

Oda Nobunaga (織田 信長?) Oda Nobunaga (help·info) (June 23, 1534–June 21, 1582) was a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts He was the second son of Oda Nobuhide, a deputy shugo (military governor) with land holdings in Owari province. was a warlord and magistrate of lower Owari Province during the Sengoku period of Japan. was a title commonly translated as "Governor" given to certain officials in feudal Japan. was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of present day Aichi Prefecture. [1][2] Nobunaga lived a life of continuous military conquest, eventually conquering a third of Japanese daimyo before his death in 1582.

Contents

Life

Oda Nobunaga was born on June 23, 1534, at Nagoya Castle and was given the childhood name of Kippōshi (吉法師?). is located in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Castle History Imagawa Ujichika built the original castle around 1525 [1][2] His mother was Tsuchida Gozen, Nobuhide's wife, making him Nobuhide's first legitimate son; therefore, by the age of two, he became the ruler of Nagoya Castle. was married to Oda Nobuhide and was the mother of Oda Nobunaga, a major feudal warlord in the Sengoku period of Japan. is located in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Castle History Imagawa Ujichika built the original castle around 1525 Through his childhood and early teenage years, he was well known for his bizarre behavior and received the name of Owari no Ōutsuke (尾張の大うつけ? The Fool of Owari). With the introduction of firearms into Japan, though, he became known for his fondness of Tanegashima firearms. Tanegashima ( Japanese: 種子島 is an Island lying to the south of Kyūshū, south Japan, and is part of the Kagoshima Prefecture He was also known to run around with other youths from the area, without any regard to his own rank in society.

Unification of Owari Province

In 1551, Oda Nobuhide died unexpectedly and, during his funeral, Nobunaga was said to have acted outrageously, throwing the ceremonial incense at the altar. This act alienated many Oda retainers, convincing them of Nobunaga's mediocrity and lack of discipline and they began to side with his more soft-spoken and well-mannered brother, Nobuyuki. was a younger brother of Oda Nobunaga in the earlier years of the Sengoku period of the 16th century of Japan Hirate Masahide, who was a valuable mentor and retainer to Nobunaga, was ashamed by Nobunaga's behavior and performed seppuku. was a Japanese Samurai who served the Oda clan for two generations is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by Disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for Samurai. This had a huge effect on Nobunaga, who later built a temple to honor Masahide. [1]

Though Nobunaga was Nobuhide's legitimate successor, the Oda clan was divided into many factions. Furthermore, the entire clan was technically under the control of Owari's shugo, Shiba Yoshimune. was a title commonly translated as "Governor" given to certain officials in feudal Japan. was the final head of the Shiba clan and governor of Owari Province during the latter half of the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. Thus, Oda Nobutomo, as the brother to the deceased Nobuhide and deputy of Owari Province's shugo (who used the powerless Yoshimune as his puppet), was able to challenge Nobunaga's place as Owari Provinces's new ruler. was a warlord of the Japanese province of Owari following the Sengoku period of the 16th century Nobutomo murdered Yoshimune when it was discovered that he supported and attempted to aid Nobunaga.

To increase his power, Nobunaga persuaded Oda Nobumitsu, a younger brother of Nobuhide, to join his side and, with Nobumitsu's help, slew Nobutomo in Kiyosu Castle, which later became Nobunaga's place of residence for over ten years. is a castle that acted as a base of operations for Oda Nobunaga and was built as a centennial celebration for the modern-day city of Kiyosu Taking advantage of the position of Shiba Yoshikane, Yoshimune's son, as the rightful shugo, Nobunaga forged an alliance with the Imagawa clan of Suruga Province and the Kira clan of Mikawa Province, as both clans had the same shugo and would have no excuse to decline. The was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 was an old province in the area that is today the eastern part of Shizuoka prefecture. The Kira clan was a Japanese clan descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and was a cadet branch of the Ashikaga family from the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji is an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Additionally, this also ensured that the Imagawa clan would have to stop attacking Owari's borders.

Even though Nobuyuki and his supporters were still at large, Nobunaga decided to bring an army to Mino Province to aid Saitō Dōsan after Dōsan's son, Saitō Yoshitatsu, turned against him. one of the Old provinces of Japan, was composed of nearly the entire southern part of modern-day Gifu Prefecture. was the Epitome of the Daimyo that dramatically rose and also fell from power in Sengoku period Japan. The campaign failed, however, as Dōsan was killed and Yoshitatsu became the new master of Mino in 1556.

A few months later, Nobuyuki, with the support of Shibata Katsuie and Hayashi Hidesada, rebelled against Nobunaga. or was a Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period who served Oda Nobunaga. was a Japanese Samurai and retainer of Oda clan, who lived during the Sengoku period. The three conspirators were defeated at the Battle of Inō, but they were pardoned after the intervention of Tsuchida Gozen, the birth mother of both Nobunaga and Nobuyuki. was married to Oda Nobuhide and was the mother of Oda Nobunaga, a major feudal warlord in the Sengoku period of Japan. The next year, however, Nobuyuki again planned to rebel. When Nobunaga was informed of this by Shibata Katsuie, he faked illness to get close to Nobuyuki and assassinated him in Kiyosu Castle.

By 1559, Nobunaga had eliminated all opposition within the clan and throughout Owari Province. He continued to use Shiba Yoshikane as an excuse to make peace with other daimyo, although it was later discovered that Yoshikane had secretly corresponded with the Kira and Imagawa clans, trying to oust Nobunaga and restore the Shiba clan's place. Nobunaga eventually cast him out, making alliances created in the Shiba clan's name void.

Battle of Okehazama

Main article: Battle of Okehazama

In 1560, Imagawa Yoshimoto gathered an army of 25,000 men[1][3] and started his march toward Kyoto, with the excuse of aiding the frail Ashikaga shogunate. The took place in June 1560. In this battle Oda Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto and established himself as one of the front-running warlords in the was one of the leading Daimyo (feudal lords in early Sengoku period Japan (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the Shoguns of the Ashikaga family The Matsudaira clan of Mikawa Province was also to join Yoshimoto's forces. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. In comparison, the Oda clan could rally an army of only 1,800, and the forces would also have to be split up to defend various forts at the border. Under such dire circumstances, Nobunaga was said to have performed his favorite Atsumori dance, before riding off with only a few attendants to pray in a shrine. is a Japanese Noh play by Zeami Motokiyo which focuses on Taira no Atsumori, a young samurai who was killed in the Genpei War, and his killer

The Oda clan's generals did not believe that they would win this impossible war. Only the night before, Shibata Katsuie had tried in vain to change Oda Nobunaga's mind about a frontal attack; he kept reminding Nobunaga of the joint army's complete lack of manpower compared to the Imagawa soldiers, who, according to rumors, numbered 40,000 men. Hayashi Sado no Kami Hidesada, the remaining advisor from Nobuhide's days, even argued for surrender without fighting, using the same reasoning as Katsuie. was a Japanese Samurai and retainer of Oda clan, who lived during the Sengoku period. Upon this advice, according to the clan's chronicler, Nobunaga yelled:

"Imagawa has 40,000 men marching toward this place? I don't believe that. He 'only' has 25,000 soldiers. Yes, that is still too many. So, Sado, you want me to surrender. What if we do surrender? Will you get content with losing your life that way? Or what if we hold on like Katsuie wants me to? What if we stay here in this castle, lock it up, and wait until the Imagawas lose appetite and stop the siege and go home? We will be able to prolong our lives for 5 or 10 days, and what we cannot defend will still be undefendable. We are at the bottom of the pit, you know. And our fate is interesting. Of course the misery is too great, too. But this is how I see it: this is a chance in a lifetime. I can't afford to miss this. Do you really want to spend your entire lives praying for longevity? We were born in order to die! Whoever is with me, come to the battlefield tomorrow morning. Whoever is not, just stay wherever you are and watch me win it!"

Nobunaga was right; Yoshimoto deliberately leaked the highly exaggerated number of his soldiers out to scare the Oda clan, and the official chronicler of the Imagawas put it down as was usual in medieval battle records to exaggerate numbers.

Nobunaga's scouts reported that Yoshimoto was resting his troops at a place called Dengaku-hazama, near a little village named Okehazama. It was countryside that Nobunaga knew well. Dengaku-hazama was a narrow gorge, an ideal place for a surprise attack if the conditions were right. The scouts added that the Imagawa army were celebrating their victories with food and drink while Yoshimoto viewed the heads. So Nobunaga moved up towards Imagawa's camp, and set up a position some distance away. An array of flags and dummy troops made of straw and spare helmets gave the impression of a large host, while the real Oda army hurried round in a rapid march to get behind Yoshimoto's camp. Fortune, and the weather, favoured Nobunaga, for about mid-day the stifling heat gave way to a terrific thunderstorm. As the Imagawa samurai sheltered from the rain Nobunaga deployed his troops, and when the storm ceased they charged down upon the enemy in the gorge. So sudden was the attack that Yoshimoto thought a brawl had broken out among his men. He realized it was an attack when two samurai charged up. One aimed a spear at him, which Yoshimoto deflected with his sword, but the second swung his blade and cut off Imagawa's head.

Rapidly weakening, the Imagawa clan no longer exerted control over the Matsudaira clan. In 1561, an alliance was forged between Oda Nobunaga and Matsudaira Motoyasu (later Tokugawa Ieyasu), despite the decades-old hostility between the two clans.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate Tradition dates this battle as the time that Nobunaga first noticed the talents of the sandal bearer who would eventually become Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Tenka Fubu

Statue of Oda Nobunaga.
Statue of Oda Nobunaga.

In Mino, Saitō Yoshitatsu died suddenly of illness in 1561, and was succeeded by his son, Saitō Tatsuoki. was a daimyo in Mino Province during the Sengoku period. He was a son of Saitō Yoshitatsu. Tatsuoki, however, was young and much less effective as a ruler and military strategist compared to his father and grandfather. Taking advantage of this situation, Nobunaga moved his base to Komaki Castle and started his campaign in Mino. By convincing Saitō retainers to abandon their incompetent and foolish master, Nobunaga weakened the Saitō clan significantly, eventually mounting a final attack in 1567. Nobunaga captured Inabayama Castle and sent Tatsuoki into exile. is a castle located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

After taking possession of the castle, Nobunaga changed the name of both the castle and the surrounding town to Gifu. is a castle located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan and serves as the prefectural capital Remains of Nobunaga's residence in Gifu can be found today in Gifu Park. is a public park located at the base of Mount Kinka in the city of Gifu Gifu, Gifu, Japan. [4] Naming it after the legendary Mount Qi (岐山 Qi in Standard Mandarin) in China, on which the Zhou dynasty started, Nobunaga revealed his ambition to conquer the whole of Japan. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. He also started using a new personal seal that read Tenka Fubu (天下布武),[5] which means "Spread the militarism over the whole land", or literally ". A seal can mean a wax seal bearing an impressed figure or an embossed figure in paper with the purpose of authenticating a document but the term can also mean any device for . . under the sky" (see all under heaven). All under heaven, or literally "heaven under" ( is a phrase in the Chinese language and a cultural concept in China. In 1564, Nobunaga had his sister, Oichi, marry Azai Nagamasa, a daimyo in northern Ōmi Province. lived during the Sengoku Period of Japanese history She was the sister-in-law of Nōhime (daughter of Saitō Dōsan) and the younger sister of Oda Nobunaga was a Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japan His clan the Azai were located in northern Ōmi Province, east of Lake Biwa For other meanings of Omi see Omi (disambiguation. is an old province of Japan which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. This would later help pave the way to Kyoto. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan.

In 1568, Ashikaga Yoshiaki went to Gifu to ask Nobunaga to start a campaign toward Kyoto. was the 15th Shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan who reigned from 1568 to 1573 Yoshiaki was the brother of the murdered thirteenth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, Yoshiteru, and wanted revenge against the killers who had already set up a puppet shogun, Ashikaga Yoshihide. is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the Shoguns of the Ashikaga family also known as Yoshihusi, was the 13th Shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1546 to 1565 during the late Muromachi period was the 14th Shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who held nominal power for a few months in 1568 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Nobunaga agreed to install Yoshiaki as the new shogun and, grasping the opportunity to enter Kyoto, started his campaign. An obstacle in southern Ōmi Province, however, was the Rokkaku clan. The was a Japanese samurai clan which wielded considerable power in the Muromachi period under the Ashikaga shogunate. Led by Rokkaku Yoshikata, the clan refused to recognize Yoshiaki as shogun and was ready to go to war. In response, Nobunaga launched a rapid attack, driving the Rokkaku clan out of their castles.

Within a short amount of time, Nobunaga had reached Kyoto and driven the Miyoshi clan out of the city. The Miyoshi clan (三好氏 -shi) is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and the Minamoto clan (Seiwa-Genji Yoshiaki was made the 15th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate. Nobunaga refused the post of Kanrei and eventually began to restrict the powers of the shogun, making it clear that he intended to use him as a puppet to justify his future conquests. was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy Yoshiaki, however, was not pleased about being a puppet and secretly corresponded with various daimyo, forging an anti-Nobunaga alliance.

The Asakura clan was particularly disdainful of the Oda clan's increasing power because, historically, the Oda clan had been subordinate to the Asakura clan. Furthermore, Asakura Yoshikage had also protected Ashikaga Yoshiaki, but had not been willing to march toward Kyoto. ( October 12, 1533 - September 16, 1573) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Sengoku period, who ruled a part of Echizen Province Thus, the Asakura clan also despised Nobunaga the most for his success.

When Nobunaga launched a campaign into the Asakura clan's domain, Azai Nagamasa, to whom Oichi was married, broke the alliance with Oda to honor the Azai-Asakura alliance which had lasted for generations. With the help of Ikko rebels, the anti-Nobunaga alliance sprang into full force, taking a heavy toll on the Oda clan. At the Battle of Anegawa, Tokugawa Ieyasu joined forces with Nobunaga and defeated the combined forces of the Asakura and Azai clans. The 1570 came as a reaction to Oda Nobunaga 's sieges of the castles of Odani and Yokoyama which belonged to the Azai and Asakura clans  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate

Nobunaga waged war even against Buddhists when they armed themselves and did not obey him. The Enryaku-ji monastery on Mt. Hiei, with its sōhei (warrior monks) of the Tendai school who aided the anti-Nobunaga group by helping Azai-Asakura alliance, was a particular thorn in Nobunaga's side, residing as it did so close to his residence in Kyoto. Not to be confused with Engaku-ji in Kamakura., a Monastery on Mount Hiei overlooking Kyoto, was founded is a mountain to the northeast of Kyoto city lying on the border between the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures Japan. were Buddhist warrior monks of feudal Japan. At certain points of history they held considerable power obliging the imperial and military governments to collaborate History The Tiantai teaching was first brought to Japan by the Chinese monk Jianzhen (鑑眞 Jp Ganjin in the middle of the 8th century, but Nobunaga attacked Enryaku-ji and burnt it to the ground in 1571, even though it had been admired as a significant cultural symbol at the time, and killed between 3,000 and 4,000 men, women and children in the process.

Through the years, Nobunaga was able to further consolidate his position and conquer his enemies through brutality. In Nagashima, for example, Nobunaga suffered tremendous losses to the Ikko resistance who was led by anti-nobunaga alliance member Ishiyama Hongan-ji, including the death of a couple of his brothers. was a series of fortresses and fortifications controlled by the Ikkō-ikki, a sect of warrior monks in Japan's Sengoku period who opposed samurai For other uses see Ishiyama (disambiguation. The was the primary fortress of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of warrior monks and peasants who opposed samurai When Nobunaga finally surrounded the enemy complex, he set fire to it, again killing tens of thousands of non-combatants, including women and children.

One of the strongest rulers in the anti-Nobunaga alliance was Takeda Shingen, in spite of his generally peaceful relationship and a nominal alliance with the Oda clan. ( December 1, 1521 &ndash May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces was a preeminent Daimyo or feudal lord In 1572, at the urgings of the shogun, Shingen decided to make a drive for the capital starting with invading Tokugawa's territory. Tied down on the Western front, Nobunaga sent lackluster aid to Ieyasu, who suffered defeat at the Battle of Mikatagahara in 1573. The (January 1573 Mikawa Province Japan was one of the most famous battles of daimyo Takeda Shingen 's campaigns and one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based However, after the battle, the Takeda forces retreated after Shingen died of illness in 1573. This was a relief for Nobunaga because he could now focus on Yoshiaki, who had openly declared hostility more than once, despite the imperial court's intervention. Nobunaga was able to defeat Yoshiaki's weak forces and send him into exile, bringing the Ashikaga shogunate to an end in the same year. was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the Shoguns of the Ashikaga family

Also in 1573, Nobunaga successfully destroyed the Asakura and Azai clans, leading Azai Nagamasa to send Oichi back to Nobunaga and commit suicide. With Nagashima's destruction in 1574, the only threat to Nobunaga was the Takeda clan, now led by Takeda Katsuyori. was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku Period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen.

At the decisive Battle of Nagashino, the combined forces of Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu devastated the Takeda clan with the strategic use of arquebuses. The took place in 1575 at Nagashino Castle in the Mikawa province of Japan. The Arquebus (sometimes spelled harquebus, harkbus or hackbut; from Dutch haakbus, meaning "hook gun" is Nobunaga compensated for the arquebus' slow reloading time by arranging the arquebusiers in three lines. After each line fired, it would duck and reload as the next line fired. The bullets were able to pierce the Takeda cavalry armor, causing chaos among the Takeda cavalry, who were pushed back and killed by incoming fire. From there, Nobunaga continued his expansion, sending Shibata Katsuie and Maeda Toshiie to the north and Akechi Mitsuhide to Tamba Province. or was a Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period who served Oda Nobunaga. was one of the leading Generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi-Momoyama period. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. was an old province of Japan that included both the central part of modern Kyoto Prefecture and the east-central part of Hyōgo Prefecture.

The Oda clan's siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji in Osaka made some progress, but the Mori clan of the Chūgoku region broke the naval blockade and started sending supplies into the strongly-fortified complex by sea. For other uses see Ishiyama (disambiguation. The was the primary fortress of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of warrior monks and peasants who opposed samurai is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū The or is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. As a result, in 1577, Hashiba Hideyoshi was ordered to expand west to confront the Mori clan.

However, Uesugi Kenshin, said to be the greatest general of his time since the demise of Takeda Shingen, took part in the second anti-Nobunaga alliance. was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. ( December 1, 1521 &ndash May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces was a preeminent Daimyo or feudal lord Following his conquest of neighboring forces, the two sides clashed during the Battle of Tedorigawa which resulted in a decisive Uesugi victory. The took place near the Tedori River in Japan 's Kaga Province in 1577. It was around this time that Uesugi forces began preparations to march on Kyoto.

Due to his defeat, Nobunaga's expansion in Noto, Kaga, and Etchū Province area was stagnant for a while. But Kenshin, who prepared to move his armies again after the battle, died from possibly Cerebral hemorrhage before moving them. According to later study, this preparation was not against Nobunaga but for attacking Kanto area, but anyway, after his death and confusion among his successors, Nobunaga started his campaign on this area again.

Nobunaga forced the Ishiyama Hongan-ji to surrender in 1580 and destroyed the Takeda clan in 1582. Nobunaga's administration was at its height of power and he was about to launch invasions into Echigo Province and Shikoku. was an old province in north-central Japan, on the Sea of Japan side northernmost part of the Hokurikudō (北陸道）circuit is the smallest (225 km long and between 50 and 150 km wide and least populous (4141955 as of 2005 of the four main islands of Japan, located south of Honshū

Incident at Honnō-ji

Main article: Incident at Honnō-ji
Grave of Oda Nobunaga at Mount Kōya, Wakayama Prefecture
Grave of Oda Nobunaga at Mount Kōya, Wakayama Prefecture

In 1582, his former sandal bearer Hashiba Hideyoshi invaded Bitchu Province, laying siege to Takamatsu Castle. The refers to the forced Suicide in June 21[[ 582]] of Japanese Daimyo Oda Nobunaga at the hands of his Samurai This article is about the mountain in Japan For the historical Haida chief in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia see Koyah. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region was a province of Japan on the Inland Sea side of western Honshū, in what is today western Okayama Prefecture. However, the castle was vital to the Mori clan, and losing it would leave the Mori home domain vulnerable. Led by Mori Terumoto, reinforcements arrived outside Takamatsu Castle, and the two sides came to a standstill. Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元 January 22, 1553 &ndash April 27, 1625) was the son of Mōri Takamoto, fought against Toyotomi Hashiba asked for reinforcements from Nobunaga.

It has often been argued that Hideyoshi had no need for reinforcements, but asked Nobunaga anyway for various reasons. Some believe that Hideyoshi, envied and hated by fellow generals for his swift rise from a lowly footman to a top general under Oda Nobunaga, wanted to give the credit for taking Takamatsu to Nobunaga so as to humble himself in front of other Oda vassals. Some also speculate that Hashiba or his retainers wanted to put Nobunaga in a vulnerable position in the front where he might be more easily assassinated. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. Others believe that Hashiba was the mastermind behind Akechi Mitsuhide's treachery. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan.

In any case, Nobunaga ordered Niwa Nagahide to prepare for an invasion of Shikoku, and Akechi Mitsuhide to assist Hideyoshi. Niwa Nagahide (丹羽長秀 October 16, 1535 - May 15, 1585) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku through Azuchi-Momoyama periods is the smallest (225 km long and between 50 and 150 km wide and least populous (4141955 as of 2005 of the four main islands of Japan, located south of Honshū nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. En route to Chūgoku region, Nobunaga stayed at Honnō-ji, a temple in Kyoto. The or is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. is a temple of the Nichiren branch of Buddhism located in Kyoto, Japan. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. Since Nobunaga would not expect an attack in the middle of his firmly-controlled territories, he was guarded by only a few dozen personal servants and bodyguards.

Nevertheless, Mitsuhide suddenly had Honnō-ji surrounded in a coup d'état, forcing Nobunaga to fight him. Nobunaga lost and was forced to commit seppuku. is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by Disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for Samurai. At the same time, Akechi forces assaulted Nijō Castle. is a flatland castle located in Kyoto, Japan. The castle consists of two concentric rings of fortifications the Ninomaru Palace the ruins of the Honmaru Palace various support Together with him died his young page (o-kosho), Mori Ranmaru, who had served him faithfully for many years and was still in his teens at the time. (1565&ndash June 21, 1582) born Mori Nagasada (森長定 was the son of Mori Yoshinari, and the younger brother of Mori Nagayoshi Ranmaru's loyalty and devotion to his lord were widely known and praised at the time.

Just eleven days after the coup at Honnō-ji, Mitsuhide was killed at the Battle of Yamazaki and his army was defeated by Hideyoshi, who eventually was made the rightful heir to Nobunaga's legacy. The was fought in 1582 in Yamazaki, Japan, located in current day Kyoto Prefecture.

Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who unified Japan in 1590 and Tokugawa Ieyasu, who founded the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1603, were loyal followers of Nobunaga.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of These two were gifted with Nobunaga's previous achievements on which they could build a unified Japan. There was a saying: "The reunification is a rice cake. Oda made it. Hashiba shaped it. At last, only Ieyasu tastes it. " (Hashiba is the family name that Toyotomi Hideyoshi used while he was a follower of Nobunaga. )

Hideyoshi was brought up from a nameless peasant to be one of Nobunaga's top generals. When he became a grand minister in 1586, he created a law that the samurai caste became codified as permanent and heritable, and that non-samurai were forbidden to carry weapons, thereby ending the social mobility of Japan from which he himself had benefitted. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. These restrictions lasted until the dissolution of the Edo Shogunate by the Meiji revolutionaries. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure Hideyoshi secured his claim as the rightful successor of Nobunaga by defeating Akechi Mitsuhide within a month of Nobunaga's death. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan.

It is important to note that the distinction between samurai and non-samurai was so obscure that during the 16th century, most male adults in any social class (even small farmers) belonged to at least one military organization of their own and served in wars before and during Hideyoshi's rule. It can be said that an "all against all" situation continued for a century. The authorized samurai families after the 17th century were those that chose to follow Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu. Large battles occurred during the change between regimes and a number of defeated samurai were destroyed, became ronin or were absorbed into the general populace. A was a Samurai with no lord or master during the Feudal period (1185–1868 of Japan.

Ieyasu had shared his childhood with Nobunaga as a hostage of the Oda clan. The was a family of Japanese Daimyo who were to become an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century Though there were a number of battles between Ieyasu and the Oda clan, Ieyasu eventually switched sides and became one of Nobunaga's strongest allies.

Policies

Militarily, Nobunaga's revolutionary vision not only changed the way war was fought in Japan, but also in turn made one of the most modernized forces in the world at that time. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He developed, implemented, and expanded the use of long pikes, firearms, ironclad ships, and castle fortifications in accordance with the expanded mass battles of the period. A pike is a Pole weapon, a very long thrusting Spear used two-handed and used extensively by Infantry both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as A firearm is a Tool that projects either single or multiple Projectiles at high velocity through a controlled explosion An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Nobunaga also instituted a specialized warrior class system and appointed his retainers and subjects to positions based on ability, not wholly based on name, rank, or family relationship as in prior periods. Retainers were also given land on the basis of rice output, not land size. Nobunaga's organizational system in particular was later used and extensively developed by his ally Tokugawa Ieyasu in the forming of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the

Nobunaga's dominance and brilliance was not restricted to the battlefield, for he also was a keen businessman and understood the principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is a branch of Economics that studies how individuals households and firms and some states make decisions to allocate limited resources typically in markets Macroeconomics is a branch of Economics that deals with the performance structure and behavior of a national or regional Economy as a whole First, in order to modernize the economy from an agricultural base to a manufacture and service base, castle towns were developed as the center and basis of local economies. Roads were also made within his domain between castle towns to not only facilitate trade, but also to move armies great distances in short timespans. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. International trade was also expanded beyond China and the Korean peninsula, while nanban (southern barbarian) trade with Europe, the Philippines, Siam, and Indonesia was also started. International trade is exchange of Capital, Goods, and Services across International borders or Territories. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Nanban trade ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易 nanban-bōeki, "Southern barbarian trade" or the Nanban trade period ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易時代 The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.

Nobunaga also instituted rakuichi rakuza (楽市楽座?) policies as a way to stimulate business and the overall economy through the use of a free market system. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [4] These policies abolished and prohibited monopolies and opened once closed and privileged unions, associations, and guilds, which he saw as impediments to commerce. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Copies of his original proclamations can be found in Entoku-ji in the city of Gifu. is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan and serves as the prefectural capital [4] He also developed tax exemptions and established laws to regulate and ease the borrowing of debt.

A modern depiction of Nobunaga
A modern depiction of Nobunaga

As Nobunaga conquered Japan and amassed a great amount of wealth, he progressively supported the arts for which he always had an interest, but which he later and gradually more importantly used as a display of his power and prestige. The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. He built extensive gardens and castles which were themselves great works of art. Azuchi castle on the shores of Lake Biwa is said to be the greatest castle in the history of Japan, covered with gold and statues on the outside and decorated with standing screen, sliding door, wall, and ceiling paintings made by his subject Kano Eitoku on the inside. was one of the primary castles of Oda Nobunaga. It was built from 1576 to 1579, on the shores of Lake Biwa, in Ōmi Province. formerly known as Ōmi Lake, is the largest freshwater lake in Japan, located in Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshū) northeast of The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Kanō Eitoku (狩野 永徳 February 16, 1543 - October 12, 1590) was a Japanese painter who lived during the Azuchi-Momoyama period During this time, Nobunaga's subject and tea master Sen no Rikyu established the Japanese tea ceremony which Nobunaga popularized and used originally as a way to talk politics and business. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market is considered the historical figure with the most profound influence on the Japanese tea ceremony, particularly the tradition of Wabi-cha. The Japanese tea ceremony is called chanoyu (茶の湯 lit "tea hot-water" or also chadō or sadō (ja Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to The beginnings of modern kabuki were started and later fully developed in the early Edo period. is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Additionally, Nobunaga was very interested in European culture which was still very new to Japan. He collected pieces of Western art as well as arms and armour. He is considered to be among the first Japanese people in recorded history to wear European clothes. He also became the patron of the Jesuit missionaries in Japan and supported the establishment of the first Christian church in Kyoto in 1576,[6] although he never converted to Christianity. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings

Nobunaga is remembered in Japan as one of the most brutal figures of the Sengoku period. But, in fact, his actions are not especially brutal for that time. Nobunaga was the first of three unifiers during the Sengoku period. These unifiers were (in order) Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (also called Hashiba Hideyoshi above) and Tokugawa Ieyasu.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate Oda Nobunaga was well on his way to the complete conquest and unification of Japan when Akechi Mitsuhide, one of his generals, forced Nobunaga into committing suicide in Honnō-ji in Kyoto. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. is a temple of the Nichiren branch of Buddhism located in Kyoto, Japan. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. Akechi then proceeded to declare himself master over Nobunaga's domains, but was quickly defeated by Nobunaga's general Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Family

The Oda clan crest
The Oda clan crest
The butterfly mon of the Taira is called Ageha-cho (揚羽蝶) in Japanese.
The butterfly mon of the Taira is called Ageha-cho (揚羽蝶) in Japanese. ( plural mon) also,, and, are Japanese heraldic symbols Mon may refer to any symbol while

Depending upon the source, Oda Nobunaga and the entire Oda clan are descendents of either the Fujiwara clan or the Taira clan (specifically, Taira no Shigemori's branch). The was a family of Japanese Daimyo who were to become an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century The Fujiwara clan (藤原氏 Fujiwara-shi) descending from the Nakatomi clan, was a powerful family of Regents in Japan that monopolized the regent positions For other uses of the word Taira see Taira (disambiguation The was a major Japanese clan in historical Japan was the eldest son of the Taira clan patriarch Taira no Kiyomori. His lineage can be directly traced to his great-great-grandfater, Oda Hisanaga, who was followed by Oda Toshisada, Oda Nobusada, Oda Nobuhide and Nobunaga himself. was a warlord and magistrate of lower Owari Province during the Sengoku period of Japan.

Immediate family

Nobunaga was the eldest legitimate son of Nobuhide, a minor warlord from Owari province, and Tsuchida Gozen, who was also the mother to three of his brothers (Nobuyuki, Nobukane and Hidetaka) and two of his sisters (Oinu and Oichi). was married to Oda Nobuhide and was the mother of Oda Nobunaga, a major feudal warlord in the Sengoku period of Japan. was a younger brother of Oda Nobunaga in the earlier years of the Sengoku period of the 16th century of Japan was a Japanese Samurai, the younger brother of the supremely famous warlord Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century was a Sengoku period warrior in 16th century Japan. He was the eighth son of warlord Oda Nobuhide and his wife Tsuchida Gozen. lived during the Sengoku Period of Japanese history She was the sister-in-law of Nōhime (daughter of Saitō Dōsan) and the younger sister of Oda Nobunaga His brothers are listed as follows:

Descendants

Nobunaga married Nōhime, the daughter of Saitō Dōsan, as a matter of political strategy;[1] however, she bore him no children and was considered to be barren. was the eldest son of Oda Nobuhide. After Nobuhiro's father took Anjo Castle in Mikawa Province in 1540 the castle was given to Nobuhiro was a younger brother of Oda Nobunaga in the earlier years of the Sengoku period of the 16th century of Japan was a Japanese Samurai, the younger brother of the supremely famous warlord Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century ( 1549 - October 19, 1570) was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period, who served the Oda clan. was born the sixth son of Oda Nobuhide, a feudal warlord in Owari Province, Japan, during the Sengoku period. was a Sengoku period warrior in 16th century Japan. He was the eighth son of warlord Oda Nobuhide and his wife Tsuchida Gozen. ( 1548 - January 24, 1622) was a Japanese Daimyo who lived from the late Sengoku period through the early Edo period. also Kichō (帰蝶 or Lady/Princess Noh, was the wife of Oda Nobunaga, a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history It was his concubines Kitsuno and Lady Saka who bore him his children. was a Concubine of Japanese Daimyo, Oda Nobunaga during the Warring-states era (or Sengoku Period) in Japanese history It was Kitsuno who gave birth to Nobunaga's eldest son, Nobutada. was the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, and a Samurai who fought in many battles during the Sengoku period. Nobutada's son, Oda Hidenobu, became ruler of the Oda clan after the deaths of Nobunaga and Nobutada. was the son of Oda Nobutada and lived during the Azuchi-Momoyama period in the late-16th century The was a family of Japanese Daimyo who were to become an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century

Other relatives

Oichi
Oichi

One of Nobunaga's younger sisters, Oichi, gave birth to three daughters. was the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, and a Samurai who fought in many battles during the Sengoku period. was a Japanese Samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. (1558-1583 was a samurai and member of Oda clan. He was adopted as the head of Kanbe clan that ruled the middle region of Ise Province and was also called was a Japanese Samurai who was the fourth son of the famed feudal warlord Oda Nobunaga and was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a young age ( 1568 - June 21, 1582) was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period through early Azuchi-Momoyama Period, who was the fifth Note that Tokuhime refers to the daughter of Oda Nobunaga born in 1559 Toku Hime refers to the daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, born in 1565 was the eldest son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. His tsūshō ("common name" was. was a Japanese Daimyo of the Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods The heir and son of Gamō Katahide, lord of Hino Castle in Ōmi Province (1562-1615 was a cousin and adopted son of Tsutsui Junkei, a feudal lord of the Yamato province. was a Japanese Daimyo who was the second head of the Kaga Domain. was a Japanese Daimyo who served the Oda clan. Nagashige was the eldest son of Niwa Nagahide and married an adopted daughter of Oda Nobunaga. son of regent Nijō Haruyoshi, was a Japanese Kugyō (court noble of the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the early Edo period. (1568 &ndash November 27, 1592) was a Samurai commander in the Azuchi-Momoyama period. lived during the Sengoku Period of Japanese history She was the sister-in-law of Nōhime (daughter of Saitō Dōsan) and the younger sister of Oda Nobunaga These three nieces of Nobunaga all married important historical figures. Chacha (also known as Lady Yodo), the eldest, became the wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. also known as Yodo-Gimi (淀君 and sometimes Lady Chacha, was one of the most favoured Concubines of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the niece of the great O-Hatsu married Kyogoku Takatsugu. or Ohatsu or later Jōkō-in (常高院 1570– September 30, 1633) was a niece of Oda Nobunaga. The youngest, O-go, married Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada (O-go's daughter Senhime married her cousin Toyotomi Hideyori, Lady Yodo's son. Oeyo (於江与 or Satoko (達子 or Sūgen'in (崇源院 1573 &ndash September 15, 1626) was the wife of Tokugawa Hidetada (the was the second Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623 Senhime or Princess Sen (千姫 April 11 ( May 26 in Gregorian calendar) 1597 - February 6 ( March 11) Toyotomi Hideyori (豊臣 秀頼 Toyotomi Hideyori) 1593 - June 5, 1615, was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi ).

His nephew was Tsuda Nobusumi, the son of Nobuyuki. was a Japanese Samurai and member of the main Oda clan of Owari Province during the Sengoku (16th century and Azuchi-Momoyama periods Nobusumi Nobusumi married into Akechi Mitsuhide's daughter, and was killed after the Incident at Honnō-ji by Nobunaga's third son, Nobutaka, who suspected him of being involved in the plot. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan.

Later descendants

Nobunari Oda, a competitive figure skater in Japan, is the 17th direct descendant of Nobunaga. Nobunari Oda (born on March 25, 1987 in Takatsuki Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese Figure skater. [7][8] The Japanese ex-monk celebrity Mudō Oda also claims descent from the Sengoku period warlord, but his claims have not been verified.

Oda Nobunaga in fiction

See Japanese historical people in popular culture. Many significant Japanese historical people appear in works of popular culture such as Anime, Manga, and Video games.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Oda Nobunaga. Samurai Wiki. Accessed September 15, 2007.
  2. ^ a b Jansen, Marius. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan, p. 11.
  3. ^ Takeuchi, Rizō. (1985). Nihonshi shōjiten, p. 233.
  4. ^ a b c Gifu City Walking Map. Gifu Lively City Public Corporation, 2007.
  5. ^ Gifu Castle. Oumi-castle. net. Accessed December 5, 2007.
  6. ^ Shunkoin Temple in Kyoto, JAPAN. Shunkoin Temple Organization. Accessed September 19, 2007.
  7. ^ Crystal Report Viewer. International Skating Union. Accessed August 19, 2007.
  8. ^ Smile Wind. Nobunari Oda. Accessed September 15, 2007.

See also

External links

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