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<< October 2008 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MMVIII

October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with a length of 31 days. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The month is a unit of Time, used with Calendars which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon; A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today A day (symbol d is a unit of Time equivalent to 24 Hours and the duration of a single Rotation of planet Earth with respect to the The eighth month in the old Roman calendar, October retained its name (from the Latin "octo" meaning "eight") when January and February were added. In mathematics 8 is a Composite number, its Proper divisors being 1, 2, and 4. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

October's birthstone is the opal or tourmaline, and its birth flower is the calendula (pot marigold) or Camellia. Birthday is the name given to the date of the anniversary of a person's birth OPAL ( Open Pool Australian Lightwater reactor) is a 20 megawatt pool-type nuclear research reactor that was officially opened in April 2007 Tourmaline is a Crystal Silicate mineral compounded with elements such as Aluminium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium Birthday is the name given to the date of the anniversary of a person's birth Calendula ( Ca-lén-du-la, pot marigold) is a genus of about 12-20 species of annual or perennial Herbaceous Camellia ( ( Japanese: 椿 Tsubaki) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern

October is commonly associated with the season of autumn in the Northern hemisphere and spring in the Southern hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to April in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' Spring is one of the four Temperate Seasons Spring marks the transition from Winter into Summer. Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' October begins in western tropical astrology with the sun in the sign of Libra and ends in the sign of Scorpio. Libra is the seventh Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Libra. Scorpio is the eighth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Scorpius. Astronomically speaking, the sun actually begins in the constellation of Virgo and ends in the constellation of Libra. Virgo ( Virgin, symbol, Unicode ♍ is a Constellation of the Zodiac. Libra (ˈliːbrə balance, symbol, Unicode ♎ is a Constellation of the Zodiac.

October starts on the same day of the week as January in common years. Events in January Holidays New Year's Day - January 1 Coptic Christmas - January 7

Contents 1 October events and holidays 2 Month-long observances 2.1 Cultural celebrations 2.2 Health observances 3 Miscellaneous 4 References 5 External links

October events and holidays

• Children's Book Week (England) - First Week of October
• National Day (China, People's Republic of) -October 1
• Independence Day in the Republic Of Cyprus October 1
• Independence Day in Nigeria- October 1
• International Day of Non-Violence - October 2^[1]
• German Unity Day (Germany) - October 3
• Proclamation of Portuguese Republic (Portugal) - October 5
• International World Teachers' day - October 5
• Independence day in Croatia - October 8
• Thanksgiving (Canada) - Second Monday of October
• Health and Sports Day (Japan) - Second Monday of October
• Columbus Day (Most of United States) - Second Monday of October
• World Food Day - October 16
• Constitution Day in Niue - October 19
• Apple Day - October 21
• Remembering the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - October 23
• United Nations Day - October 24
• Day of the Romanian Army - October 25
• Independence Day in St. Vincent & the Grenadines - October 27
• Independence Day in Turkmenistan - October 27
• Navy Day (United States) - October 27
• Independence Day in Greece October 28
• Republic Day in Turkey October 29
• Halloween - October 31

More events are listed on the individual dates of the calendar on this page. Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule The Day of German Unity (Tag der Deutschen Einheit is a national holiday in Germany, celebrated on October 3, which commemorates the anniversary of Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople World Teachers' Day, held annually on October 5 since 1994 commemorates teachers’ organisations worldwide Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day ( Canadian French: Action de grâce) is an annual one-day Holiday to give thanks to God for Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page also known as Health-Sports Day or Sports Day, is a national holiday in Japan held annually on the second Monday in October For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus 's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations celebrates World Food Day each year on 16 October, the day on which the Organization Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Constitution Day is a Holiday to honor the Constitution of a country Niue (niːˈʔuːeɪ/ /ˈnjuːeɪ in English is an Island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Apple Day is an annual celebration held on October 21 each year of Apples and Orchards Apple Day was initiated by Common Ground in 1990 Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ( Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom) was a spontaneous nationwide Revolt against the Stalinist government of Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - United Nations Day, proclaimed in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly, is held annually on 24 October, the anniversary of the coming into force Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces ( Romanian: Forţele Armate Române Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles chain of the Caribbean Sea. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Several nations observe or have observed a Navy Day to recognize their Navy. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Republic Day is the name of a Public holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they first became Republics January 9th in Republika Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse

Month-long observances

• Filipino American History Month (in United States)
• National Arts & Humanities Month (in United States)

Cultural celebrations

• German American Heritage Day (October 6)
• National Hispanic Heritage Month (September 15 to October 15 in United States)
• Italian American Heritage Month
• Polish American Heritage Month^[2]

Health observances

• Celiac Sprue Awareness Month^[3]
• Health Literacy Month [5]
• Healthy Lung Month^[4]
• National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (in United States and Canada)^[5]
• National Dental Hygiene Month (in United States)^[6]
• National Down Syndrome Awareness Month (in United States)^[7]
• National Infertility Awareness Month (in United States)^[8]
• National Lupus Erythematosus Awareness Month (in United States)^[9]
• National Orthodontic Health Month (in United States)
• National Physical Therapy Month (in United States)^[10]
• National Spina Bifida Awareness Month (in United States)^[11]
• National Spinal Health Month (in United States)
• Rett Syndrome Awareness Month (in United States)^[12]
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Awareness Month (in United States) [6]
• World Blindness Awareness Month^[13]

Miscellaneous

• The month October has become famous as "Red October", due to the Russian October revolution of 1917, although in the modern Gregorian calendar, the revolution started in November. Filipino American History Month, also known as the Filipino American Heritage Month, is celebrated in the United States during the month of October The United States of America —commonly referred to as the National Arts & Humanities Month was established in 1993 and is celebrated every October in the United States. Hispanic Heritage Month is the period to recognize the contributions of Hispanic Americans to the United States and to celebrate Hispanic heritage and culture The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM (also referred to locally as National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (NBCAM) is an annual international health campaign organized by major The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This article refers to the Iranian short film For information about keeping mouth and teeth clean see Oral hygiene. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Down syndrome, Down's syndrome, or trisomy 21 is a Chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Female infertility|Male infertility Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a Man or a Woman to contribute to conception. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Spina bifida ( Latin: "split spine" is a developmental Birth defect involving the Neural tube: incomplete closure of the Embryonic neural The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Rett syndrome (also called Rett disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is classified as a Pervasive developmental disorder by the DSM-IV. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS is a syndrome marked by the symptoms of sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy Infant aged one month to one year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution
• In the nineteenth century, the month of October was dedication to devotion to the rosary in Roman Catholic countries. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, meaning "rose garden" or "garland of roses" is a popular traditional Roman Catholic devotion.

References

External links

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