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Oberlin, Ohio
Oberlin College
Oberlin College
Location of Oberlin, Ohio
Location of Oberlin, Ohio
Coordinates: 41°17′18″N 82°13′0″W / 41.28833, -82.21667
Country United States
State Ohio
County Lorain
Area
 - Total 4. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads This is a list of the eighty-eight counties in the US state of Ohio. Lorain County is a County located in the US state of Ohio, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 4 sq mi (11. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²)
 - Land 4. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi (11. 3 km²)
 - Water 0. 0 sq mi (0. 1 km²)
Elevation [1] 814 ft (248 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 8,195
 - Density 1,871. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5/sq mi (722. 6/km²)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 44074
Area code(s) 440
FIPS code 39-57834[2]
GNIS feature ID 1049034[1]

Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, to the south and west of Cleveland. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 440 is a North American Telephone Area code serving part of Northeast Ohio, United States, including the Greater Cleveland Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Lorain County is a County located in the US state of Ohio, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Oberlin is perhaps best known for being the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students. Oberlin College is a private Liberal arts college in Oberlin Ohio. A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire ( French, but used in British English) &mdash The population was 8,195 at the 2000 census.

The second largest employer in Oberlin (after the eponymous College) is the Federal Aviation Administration, which houses an Air Route Traffic Control Center in the town. The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of In Air traffic control, an Area Control Center ( ACC) also known as a Center, is a facility responsible for controlling Instrument flight rules Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center is one of the most transitioned air traffic control centers in the country, and oversees the airspace over 6 states and a small part of Canada. Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZOB is located at 326 East Lorain Street Oberlin, Ohio, United States, near the city of Cleveland Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Oberlin is governed by a city manager and a seven-member council which is elected to two-year terms in a non-partisan election. A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a City, in a council-manager form of city government The current Oberlin city manager is Eric Norenberg. The current City Council President is David Sonner with Jack Bauman seving as vice president.

Contents

History

Oberlin was founded in 1833 by two Presbyterian ministers, John Shipherd and Philo P. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Stewart. The pair had become friends while spending the summer of 1832 together in nearby Elyria and discovered a shared dissatisfaction with what they saw as the lack of strong Christian morals among the settlers of the American West. Their proposed solution was to create a religious community that would more closely adhere to Biblical commandments, along with a school for training Christian missionaries who would eventually spread out all over the American frontier. The two decided to name their community after Jean-Frédéric Oberlin (1740 - 1826), an Alsatian minister whose pedagogical achievements in a poor and remote area had greatly impressed and inspired them. J F Oberlin ( August 31, 1740 &ndash June 1, 1826) was an Alsatian Pastor and Philanthropist. Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern

Shipherd and Stewart rode south from Elyria into the forests that covered the northern part of Ohio in search of a suitable location for their community. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads After a journey of approximately eight miles, they stopped to rest and pray in the shade of an elm tree along the forest, and agreed that this would be a good place to start their community. Legend has it that while they prayed, a hunter saw a family of bears climb down from a nearby tree. The bears saw the two men, but turned away without harming them. On hearing this story from the hunter, the two ministers took it to be a sign from God that they had selected the right place for their community and school.

Shipherd travelled back East and convinced the owner of the land to donate 500 acres (2 km²) of land for the school, and he also purchased an additional 5000 acres (20 km²) for the town, at the cost of $1. 50 per acre ($371/km²). While in that part of the country, he visited many of his friends and persuaded some to join in his adventure, and others to contribute money towards the construction of the community.

The motto of the new college was "Learning and Labor". In those days the words were taken quite literally: tuition at Oberlin College was free, but students were expected to contribute by helping to build and sustain the community. This attracted a number of bright young people who would otherwise not have been able to afford tuition. Eventually this approach was deemed inefficient; the motto, however, remains to this day.

On June 28, 1924, the worst flood in Oberlin history occurred on the same day that a tornado killed 62 people in Lorain. Afterwards, the water was so deep that children swam in Tappan Square. [1]Damage was caused to all of downtown Oberlin. [2]

Oberlin and slavery

Towards the middle of the 19th century, Oberlin became a major focus of the abolitionist movement in the United States. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies The town was conceived as an integrated community, and blacks had attended Oberlin College from its early years. Many Oberlin College graduates were dedicated abolitionists who traveled throughout the South working to help slaves escape to the north.

In 1834, in response to a series of slavery debates at Lane Theological Seminary, the trustees of the Cincinnati, Ohio school voted to prohibit antislavery agitation among its students and faculty. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Lane Theological Seminary was established in the Walnut Hills section of Cincinnati Ohio, in 1829 to educate Presbyterian ministers It was named in honor As a result, the "Lane Rebels," a group of about 50 students, trustee Asa Mahan, and professor John Morgan, left the school. Arthur Tappan, financial agent of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute, and co-founder John Shipherd saw an opportunity to solve Oberlin's financial problems by inviting the rebels (including Mahan and Morgan) to come to Oberlin. The rebels agreed under three conditions: that Oberlin accept students regardless of color, that Oberlin respect students' freedom of speech, and that Oberlin not "interfere with the internal regulation of the school. " In the fall of 1835, Oberlin opened a new theology school with Asa Mahan as President, Charles Finney as Professor of theology, and the Lane Rebels among the first theology students. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Charles Grandison Finney ( August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875) was a minister of the gospel originally in upstate New York and grew to become [3]

By 1852, the town of Oberlin was an active terminus on the underground railroad, and thousands had already passed through it on their way to freedom. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States This effort was assisted by an Ohio law that allowed fugitive slaves to apply for a writ of habeas corpus, which protected them from extradition back to the southern states from which they had escaped. Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief In 1858, a newly-elected Democratic state legislature repealed this law, leaving the fugitives around Oberlin vulnerable to enforcement of the Federal Fugitive Slave Law, which allowed southern slave-catchers to target and extradite them back to the South. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of

This situation came to a head with the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, a pivotal event, described in Nat Brandt's book The Town That Started the Civil War. The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue was a key event and Cause celebre in the history of the Abolitionist movement in the United States, just before On September 13, 1858, a fugitive named John Price was captured and jailed in neighboring Wellington, Ohio. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Wellington is a village in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. A large group of Oberlin residents consisting of townspeople, students and faculty, set out for the Wellington jail to release Price from captivity.

Image:Oberlinrescuers.jpg
Oberlin "Rescuers" outside the Cuyahoga County jail

Price was freed and eventually smuggled out of the country, but the authorities were not content to let the matter rest. Cuyahoga County (pronounced /ˌkaɪəˈhɔgə/ or /ˌkaɪəˈhoːgə/ is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. United States President James Buchanan personally requested that the group (now referred to by sympathetic parties as "the Rescuers") be prosecuted, and 37 of them were eventually tried and convicted by an all-Democrat jury. James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 The group appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus, but on May 30, 1859, their petition was denied. The Supreme Court of Ohio is the highest Court in the US state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ultimately, they bargained with the prosecutors, who granted the group their freedom in exchange for the promise that they would stay out of Northern Ohio.

The political ferment resulting from the case led to a number of major protests throughout the northern part of the state, and an unprecedented boost to the anti-slavery Republican party in the 1860 State elections. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The governor of Ohio wrote to the new Republican President Abraham Lincoln urging him to repeal the Fugitive Slave Law. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Though in point of fact, Lincoln declined this request, his decision did little to prevent a number of Southern states from seceding, and America was soon embroiled in the Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 4 square miles (11. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4. 4 square miles (11. 3 km²) of it is land and 0. 1 km² (Less than 0. 1 sq mi) of it (0. 68%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 8,195 people, 2,678 households, and 1,395 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 1,871. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5 people per square mile (722. 4/km²). There were 2,836 housing units at an average density of 647. 7/sq mi (250. 0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71. 92% White, 18. 55% African American, 0. 49% Native American, 3. 40% Asian, 0. 17% Pacific Islander, 1. 21% from other races, and 4. 26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 04% of the population.

There were 2,678 households out of which 21. 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38. 5% were married couples living together, 11. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47. 9% were non-families. 35. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 31 and the average family size was 2. 89.

In the city the population was spread out with 14. 7% under the age of 18, 36. 9% from 18 to 24, 16. 4% from 25 to 44, 17. 0% from 45 to 64, and 15. 0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 77. 7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73. 2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,094, and the median income for a family was $59,358. Males had a median income of $42,170 versus $27,308 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,704. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 6. 7% of families and 19. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 6% of those under age 18 and 7. 5% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Oberlin lies at the intersection of state routes 58 and 511. It is near US Highway 20. US Route 20 is an east-west United States highway. As the "0" in its route number implies U

Lorain County Transit provides two bus routes to Oberlin. Lorain County Transit (LCT is the Public transportation provider for Lorain County, Ohio. One route, funded by the college, travels between Oberlin and the Cleveland Hopkins Airport, connecting with the rapid transit line to downtown Cleveland. Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is a public Airport located nine miles (14 km) southwest of the Central business district of Cleveland It runs more often during the school year. The other route is year-round, and travels to Elyria. There are also various shuttle services providing transportation between Oberlin and the airport.

Oberlin also lies on a paved bicycle and pedestrian path, the North Coast Inland Trail, which travels southwest to Kipton and northeast to Elyria. Kipton is a village in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The population was 265 at the 2000 census. The path is built on the former railroad right-of-way of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Southern Branch. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad 's Water Level Route Like many smaller municipalities across Ohio, Oberlin used to be served by railroads, but currently has no railroad service. An old station is visible along the bike path.

There is a car-sharing program available in Oberlin through CityWheels, offering another form of alternative transportation to area residents.

Notable residents

Miscellaneous

The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League. John Mercer Langston ( December 14 1829 &ndash November 15 1897) was an American Abolitionist and U Lucy Stone ( August 13, 1818 &ndash October 19, 1893) was a prominent American Suffragist. The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization Lobbying for Prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century

See also

Further reading

References

External links

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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