City of Oakland
Nickname: see "Nicknames" below
Location in Alameda County and the state of California
Coordinates: 37°48′18″N 122°16′21″W / 37.805, -122.2725
Country	United States
State	California
County	Alameda
Government
- Mayor	Ron Dellums
- Senate	Don Perata (D)
- Assembly	Loni Hancock (D) Sandré Swanson (D) Mary Hayashi (D)
- U. S. Congress	Barbara Lee (D) (CA-09)
Area
- City	78. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The US state of California is divided into fifty-eight counties. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. Don Richard Perata (born April 30, 1945) is a California Democratic politician, who is the current President Pro tempore The California Democratic Party is the local branch of the Democratic Party in the state of California. The California State Assembly is the Lower house of the California State Legislature. Loni Hancock (born 1941 is currently serving in her third term as the representative of California State Assembly District 14 Sandré Swanson (born 1948 was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2006 Mary Hayashi (born 1966 was elected to the California State Assembly in 2006 The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16 1946) is an American politician and has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives California's 9th congressional district covers a significant portion of the East Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 2 sq mi (202. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²)
- Land	56. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 1 sq mi (145. 2 km²)
- Water	22. 1 sq mi (57. 2 km²)
Elevation	3 ft (1 m)
Population (2006)[1]
- City	420,183
- Density	7,126. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi (2,751. 4/km²)
- Metro	4,180,765
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
- Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
Area code(s)	510
FIPS code	06-53000
GNIS feature ID	0277566
Website: http://www.oaklandnet.com

Oakland (IPA: /ˈoʊklənd/), founded in 1852, is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California^[1] and the county seat of Alameda County. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Universal Coordinated Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks North American area code 510 is a California Telephone Area code which covers most eastern Bay Area cities in Alameda County (except Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Oakland is located in Northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area, the sixth-most-populous metropolitan area in the United States. Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the See also Combined Statistical Area The United States Census Bureau has defined 123 Combined Statistical Areas ref name=CSA>The United States Census A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Based on 2006 statistical data, Oakland is the 44th-largest city in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The California Department of Finance estimates that Oakland's population on January 1, 2008 was 420,183.

Oakland is a major West Coast port, and is home to several major corporations including Kaiser Permanente and Clorox, as well as corporate headquarters for nationwide businesses like Dreyer's and Cost Plus World Markets. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J The Clorox Company ( is a Manufacturer of various food and Chemical products based in Oakland California, which is best known for its Bleach Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream Holdings Inc, a division of Nestlé, is a United States -based producer of Ice cream and Frozen yogurt. ^[2]

Rand McNally named Oakland as having the best weather in the United States. Rand McNally is the preeminent American publisher of Maps Atlases and Globes for travel reference commercial and educational uses According to the 2000 U.S. census, Oakland and Long Beach, California are the most ethnically diverse cities in the United States, with over 150 languages spoken in Oakland. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast ^[3] Attractions include Jack London Square, the Oakland Zoo, the Oakland Museum of California, the Chabot Space and Science Center, Lake Merritt, the East Bay Regional Park District ridge line parks and preserves, and Chinatown. Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. Oakland Museum of California or Oakland Museum is a Museum dedicated to the Art, History, and Natural science of California Chabot Space and Science Center, located in Oakland California, is a hands-on center featuring interactive exhibits a digital Planetarium, a large screen theater Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. The East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD is a Special district operating in Alameda County and Contra Costa County California, within the East The Chinatown neighborhood in Oakland California is a pan- Asian Neighborhood which reflects Oakland's diverse Asian American community

Contents 1 History 1.1 1920s 1.2 World War II 1.3 Post-WWII (1940s and 1950s) 1.4 1960s and 1970s 1.5 1980s and 1990s 1.6 2000s 2 Geography 2.1 Neighborhoods 2.1.1 Downtown and Lake Merritt 2.1.2 East Oakland 2.1.3 North Oakland 2.1.4 West Oakland 2.1.5 Oakland Hills 2.2 Climate 3 Demographics 3.1 Crime 4 Politics 5 Economy 5.1 Revitalization 5.2 Gentrification 6 Nicknames 7 "There's no there there" 8 Arts and culture 8.1 Annual cultural events 8.2 Attractions 8.3 Nightlife 8.4 Filming Locations 9 Sports 10 Parks and recreation 11 Biology and ecology 12 Government 13 Education 13.1 Primary and secondary education 13.2 Colleges and universities 14 Media 15 Infrastructure 15.1 Transportation 15.1.1 Freeways, bridges, and tunnels 15.1.2 Mass transit 15.1.3 Air 15.1.4 Rail 15.1.5 Sea 15.2 Utilities 15.3 Healthcare 15.3.1 Mergers and closings 16 Sister cities 17 See also 18 References 19 External links

History

The earliest recorded inhabitants were the Huchiun tribe,^[4] belonging to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone (a Miwok word meaning "western people"). The Ohlone people also known as the Costanoan and as the Muwekma, are the indigenous people of Northern California who have lived in the Miwok (also spelled Miwuk, Mi-Wuk, or Me-Wuk) can refer to any one of four linguistically-related groups of Native Americans, who lived in what In Oakland, they were heavily concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, a stream which enters the San Francisco Bay at Emeryville. Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. Temescal Creek is one of the principal watercourses in the city of Oakland California, United States. A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks Emeryville is a small city located in Alameda County California, in the United States.

Oakland, along with the rest of California, was claimed for the Spanish king by explorers from New Spain in 1772. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, In the early 19th century, the area which later became Oakland (along with most of the East Bay), was granted to Luís María Peralta by the Spanish royal government for his Rancho San Antonio. The East Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States and comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Don Luís María Peralta (b 1759 Sonora, New Spain; d August 26, 1851) was a soldier in the Spanish Army who received Rancho San Antonio, also known as the Peralta Grant, was a 44800 Acre (181 Km²) Land grant by Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá, the The grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. The area of the ranch that is today occupied by the downtown and extending over into the adjacent part of Alameda (originally not an island, but a peninsula), included a woodland of oak trees. Alameda is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin This area was called encinal by the Peraltas, a Spanish word which means "oak grove", the origin of the later city's name. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons. Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. They would open the land to settlement by American settlers, loggers, European whalers, and fur-traders.

Full-scale settlement and development occurred following California being conquered by the United States during the Mexican-American War, and the California Gold Rush in 1848. The California Gold Rush (1848&ndash1855 began on January 24 1848 when Gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California The original settlement in what is now the downtown was initially called "Contra Costa" and was included in Contra Costa County before Alameda County was established on March 25, 1853. Contra Costa County ( Spanish for "opposite coast" is a suburban county in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The California state legislature incorporated the town of Oakland on May 4, 1852. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

The town and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminus in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, the site of today's Port of Oakland. The Oakland Long Wharf, later known as the Oakland Pier or the SP Mole was a massive railroad Wharf and Ferry pier in Oakland California The Port of Oakland was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for Container ships It is now the fourth busiest container The Long Wharf served as both the terminus of the Transcontinental Railroad as well as the local commuter trains of the Central (later, Southern) Pacific. Transcontinental Railroad is a Railroad that crosses a Continent from "coast-to-coast" The Central Pacific also established one of its largest rail yards and servicing facilities in West Oakland which continued to be a major local employer under the Southern Pacific well into the 20th century. The principal depot of the Southern Pacific in Oakland was the 16th Street Station located at 16th and Wood which is currently (2006–8) being partially restored as part of a redevelopment project. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U ^[5]

A number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland in the latter half of the 1800s. A horsecar was an animal-powered Streetcar or Tram. The first passenger services in the world were started by the Oystermouth Railway in A cable car or cable railway is a Mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, and other lines were converted and added over the course of the 1890s. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The various streetcar companies operating in Oakland were acquired by Francis "Borax" Smith and consolidated into what eventually became known as the Key System, the predecessor of today's publicly owned AC Transit. Francis Marion Smith (aka "Borax" Smith and the "Borax King") ( February 2, 1846 &ndash August 27, 1931 The Key System (or Key Route) was a privately owned company which provided Mass transit in the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda AC Transit (in full Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is a regional Bus agency serving parts of Alameda County and Contra Costa County In addition to its system of streetcars in the East Bay, the Key System also operated commuter trains to its own pier and ferry boats to San Francisco, in competition with the Southern Pacific. Upon completion of the Bay Bridge, both companies ran their commuter trains on the south side of the lower deck direct to San Francisco. The Key System in its earliest years was actually in part a real estate venture, with the transit part serving to help open up new tracts for buyers. The Key's investors (incorporated as the "Realty Syndicate") also established two large hotels in Oakland, one of which survives as the Claremont Resort. The Claremont Resort & Spa is a historic Hotel that straddles the border between Berkeley and Oakland, California The other, which burned down in the early 1930s, was the Key Route Inn, located at what is now West Grand and Broadway. The Key Route Inn was a major hotel in Oakland California in the early decades of the 20th century From 1904 to 1929, the Realty Syndicate also operated a major amusement park in north Oakland called Idora Park. This article deals with Idora Park of Oakland California For another park of the same name see Idora Park Youngstown.

The original extent of Oakland upon its incorporation lay south of today's major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway and 14th Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and north. Oakland's rise to industrial prominence and its subsequent need for a seaport led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902, creating the "island" of nearby town Alameda. Alameda is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. In 1906, its population doubled with refugees made homeless after the San Francisco earthquake and fire who had fled to Oakland. In 1915, a Chevrolet plant was opened at the southern border of Oakland. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM By 1920, Oakland was the home of numerous manufacturing industries, including metals, canneries, bakeries, automobiles, and shipbuilding.

1920s

The 1920s were economic boom years in the United States as a whole, and in California especially. Economic growth was fueled by the general post-war recovery, as well as oil discoveries in Los Angeles, and the widespread introduction of the automobile. Oakland grew significantly in the 1920s. According to the Oakland Tribune yearbook for 1925, more houses were built from 1921 to 1924 than in the period 1907 to 1920. ^[6] Many of the single-family houses still standing in Oakland were built in the 1920s. Many large office buildings downtown were built in the 1920s, and reflect the architectural styles of the time.

World War II

During World War II, the East Bay Area was home to many war-related industries. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Among these were the Kaiser Shipyards in nearby Richmond whose medical system for shipyard workers became the basis for the giant Kaiser Permanente HMO, which has a large medical center at MacArthur and Broadway, the first to be established by Kaiser. The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the U Richmond (ˈɹɪtʃmənd is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J Oakland's Moore Dry Dock Company expanded its shipbuilding capabilities and built over 100 ships. Moore Dry Dock Company was a ship repair and Shipbuilding company in Oakland California.

The war attracted large numbers of laborers from around the country to Oakland, many of whom were African Americans from the western South (Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Arkansas), who enjoyed great prosperity during the war years but still had to confront Jim Crow racial discrimination. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enacted primarily but not exclusively in the Southern and border states of the United States between 1876 and 1965 ^[7]

Post-WWII (1940s and 1950s)

Soon after the war, the shipbuilding and automobile industries virtually evaporated, as did the jobs that came with it. Many who came to the city did not leave and decided to settle in their new home of Oakland. Meanwhile, many of the city's more affluent residents left the city after the war in order to move into newly developing suburbs to the east of the hills while many blue-collar whites moved to adjacent cities such as San Leandro and Alameda, part of a nationwide phenomenon of white flight. White flight is a term for the demographic trend in which working and Middle-class White people move away from Suburbs

During this period, the freeway system was constructed and the Key System was dismantled. The largest high rise was constructed on the west side of Lake Merritt, the headquarters building of Kaiser Corporation (the industry, not the HMO). Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J Also in this era, the seedy, rundown area at the foot of Broadway was transformed into Jack London Square. Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California.

Nonetheless, by the late 1960s, Oakland, which had been quite prosperous before the war, found itself with a population that was increasingly poor. ^[8]

1960s and 1970s

In 1966, only 16 of the city's 661 police officers were black. Tensions between the poverty-stricken black community and the predominantly white police force were high, and killings of young boys in Harlem and San Francisco added fuel to the fire. Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city In this charged atmosphere, the Black Panther Party was founded by Merritt College students Huey Newton and Bobby Seale as a response to police brutality. The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist / Maoist African-American organization established Merritt College is a two-year Community college located in the hills of Oakland in Alameda County, California. Huey Percy Newton ( February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was co-founder and leader of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense Robert George "Bobby" Seale (born October 22, 1936 in Dallas Texas) is an American Civil rights activist who along ^[9]

During the 1960s the city was home to an innovative funk music scene which produced well-known bands like Sly & the Family Stone, Graham Central Station, Tower of Power, Cold Blood, and The Headhunters. Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. Graham Central Station was a funk band named after founder Larry Graham (formerly of Sly & the Family Stone) and is a pun on New York City Tower of Power is a 10-member horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. Cold Blood is a long-standing soul - rock - Jazz band founded by Larry Field in 1968 and originally based in the San Francisco East Bay The Headhunters are a popular Jazz-funk fusion band, best known for their albums they recorded as a backing band of Jazz keyboard Larry Graham, the bass player for both Sly & the Family Stone and Graham Central Station, is credited with the creation of the extremely influential slap and pop sound still widely used by bassists in many musical idioms today. Larry Graham Jr (born August 14, 1946 in Beaumont Texas) is an American Baritone Singer, Musician, Songwriter In Music, the term slapping is often used to refer to two different playing techniques used on the Double bass and on the (electric Bass guitar. A bass player (bassist is a Musician who plays a Double bass, Bass guitar, keyboard bass or wind It was also during the 1960s when the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club's Oakland Chapter, began to grow into a formidable organization. The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club ( HAMC) is a world-wide " one-percenter " motorcycle gang whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson By the 1980s it was the most feared and respected of all Hells Angels chapters. Its Oakland Clubhouse still sits at 4019 Foothill Boulevard in East Oakland. In sports, the Oakland Athletics MLB club won three World Series in a row (1972, 1973, and 1974); the Golden State Warriors won the 1974–1975 NBA championship; and the Oakland Raiders of the NFL won Super Bowl XI in 1977. The Oakland Athletics are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. For other events named "World Series" see World Series (disambiguation. The Golden State Warriors are an American professional Basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football team based in the city of Oakland California. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL Super Bowl XI was an American football game played on January 9, 1977 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena California to decide the

1980s and 1990s

Starting in the early 1980s, the number of Latinos, mostly of Mexican origin, began to increase significantly in Oakland, especially in the Fruitvale district and spilling over into East Oakland. Fruitvale is a neighborhood in eastern Oakland California, in the United States. This district is one of the oldest in Oakland, growing up around the old Peralta estate (now a city park). It has always had a concentration of Latino residents, businesses and institutions, but increased immigration, which has continued right up to the 21st century has added greater numbers.

In the late 1980s and 1990s, Oakland featured prominently in rap music, both as the hometown for such artists as MC Hammer, Digital Underground, Hieroglyphics (including Souls of Mischief and Del tha Funkee Homosapien), The Luniz and Too Short. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with MC Hammer (born Stanley Kirk Burrell; March 30, 1962) is an American MC most popular during the late 1980s and early 1990s known for his Digital Underground is an alternative rap group from Oakland California. Hieroglyphics, also known as the Hieroglyphics Crew and Hiero, are an American underground hip hop collective based in Oakland Souls of Mischief is an Alternative hip hop group from Oakland California, that is also part of the hip hop collective, Hieroglyphics. Del tha Funkee Homosapien is an Alternative hip hop artist Del was born Teren Delvon Jones on August 12, 1972 in Oakland, California Luniz (formerly Lunitunz) is a platinum-selling rap duo from Oakland, California formed by rappers Yukmouth and Numskull Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American Tupac Shakur (2Pac), who grew up in Baltimore and New York City and later moved to Oakland, lived there longer than in any other city. Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper The City of New York Outside of the rap genre, Grammy award winning artists such as Green Day, En Vogue and Tony! Toni! Tone! also emerged from Oakland. Green Day is an American rock trio En Vogue is a Grammy nominated American female R&B vocal quartet assembled by music producers Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy. Tony! Toni! Toné! was a New jack swing / R&B group from Oakland, California popular during the late 1980s and early to mid 1990s

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 17, 1989, in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, its surface wave measuring 7. The Loma Prieta earthquake, also known as the Quake of '89 and the World Series Quake, was a major Earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) 1 on the Richter magnitude scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released Several structures in Oakland were badly damaged. The double-decker portion of the Cypress Viaduct freeway (Interstate 880) structure, located in Oakland, collapsed, killing 42. The Cypress Street Viaduct was a 2-kilometer long raised two-tier multi-lane (four lanes per deck freeway constructed of reinforced concrete that was The eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge also sustained significant damage and was closed to traffic for one month. Throughout the 1990s, buildings throughout Oakland were retrofitted to better withstand earthquakes.

On October 20, 1991, a massive fire (see 1991 Oakland firestorm) swept down from the Berkeley Hills above the Caldecott Tunnel. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Oakland Firestorm of 1991 was a large urban fire that occurred on the hillsides of northern Oakland California and southeastern Berkeley on Sunday October The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges which overlook the northeast side of the Valley in which San Francisco Bay 25 were killed and 150 injured and over 2,000 homes were destroyed. The economic loss has been estimated at $1. 5 billion. Many homes were rebuilt much larger than they originally were.

During the 1990s, the TV sitcom Hangin' with Mr. Cooper was set in Oakland, starring actor/comedian Mark Curry, who was born in Oakland. Hangin' with Mr Cooper is an American Television Sitcom that originally aired on ABC from 1992 to 1997 Mark Curry may refer to Mark Curry (actor, American actor and comedian Mark Curry (rapper, American rapper Mark Curry

In late 1996, Oakland was the center of a controversy surrounding Ebonics (African American Vernacular English), an ethnolect the outgoing Oakland Unified School District board voted to recognize on December 18. African American Vernacular English ( AAVE) – also called African American English; less precisely Black English, Black Vernacular, Ethnolect is a variety of a Language spoken by a certain Ethnic / cultural subgroup and serves as a distinguishing mark of social identity Oakland Unified School District is a Public education School district which operates Elementary schools (K-5 Middle schools (6-8 and Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the ^[10][11]

2000s

Jerry Brown, who was elected mayor of Oakland in 1998, initiated a plan to bring an additional 10,000 residents to downtown Oakland. Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr (born April 7, 1938) is the current Attorney General and former governor of the State of The plan has resulted in several redevelopment projects near Lake Merritt, Jack London Square, and other neighborhoods just outside of downtown. Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. These redevelopment projects have been controversial as many residents see these projects as gentrification, resulting in the loss of lower-income and minority residents in downtown Oakland. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Additionally, the weakening of the Bay Area economy in 2000 and 2001 resulted in low occupancy of the new housing and slower growth and economic recovery than expected. The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area In recent years demand for high-rise condos and towers has surged, as in San Francisco; there are currently many proposals for high-rise buildings, including a 63 floor, 827 ft. (252 m) tower that will rival the Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco. The Transamerica Pyramid is the tallest and most recognizable Skyscraper in the San Francisco Skyline. The developer says that the height could be pushed up to beat out the Transamerica Pyramid, possibly giving Oakland a considerable skyline as well.

Additionally, the Oakland Athletics have long been searching for a site to build a new baseball stadium. The Oakland Athletics are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting The A's never showed interest in building a ballpark in Downtown Oakland. Finally in 2006, the A's announced a deal to build a new stadium in Fremont, California, to be called Cisco Field. Fremont (ˈfriːmɒnt is a city in California, USA that was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities Centerville Cisco Field is a proposed ballpark in Fremont, California. It would be the new home of the Oakland Athletics and may open as early as 2012

In February 2006, the Oakland Ballet closed due to financial problems and the closure of their performance facility, the Calvin Simmons Theater at the Kaiser Convention Center. The Kaiser Convention Center is a 5492-seat multi-purpose Arena in Oakland California that opened in 1914 The Oakland Ballet had been performing in Oakland since 1965. ^[12] In 2007, however, founder Ronn Guidi announced the revival of the Ballet.

A new use for the Kaiser Convention Center was proposed in 2006: a redevelopment designed to nucleate a cultural and educational district with the nearby Oakland Museum of California and Laney College. Oakland Museum of California or Oakland Museum is a Museum dedicated to the Art, History, and Natural science of California Laney College is a Community college located in Oakland California, next to the Lake Merritt BART station and the Kaiser Convention Center. ^[13] In July 2006, the Oakland City Council approved a bond measure to expand the city's library system and convert the closed Center into a replacement for the city's aging main library, but Oakland voters defeated the library bond measure in the November 2006 election. ^[14]

Ron Dellums, a former Berkeley city council member and U.S. Representative, was elected mayor in June 2006. Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (born November 24 1935 is the current Mayor of Oakland, California Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The mayoral election race was contentious between Dellums and other candidates, including Oakland city council president Ignacio de la Fuente and councilmember Nancy Nadel. Nancy Nadel is a member of the Oakland City Council representing the District Three Downtown-West Oakland seat ^[15] Each candidate had different visions of Oakland's future and different ideas about how to combat crime, encourage appropriate urban development, and foster successful public schools. In what was essentially a three-way race, Dellums barely won the required majority of votes needed to win without a runoff election in November. ^[16]

Geography

Oakland is located around 37°48' North, 122°15' West (37. 8, -122. 25),^[17] in the longitudinal middle of California, on the east side of San Francisco Bay. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 78. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 2 sq mi (202. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 56. 1 sq mi (145. 2 km²) of it is land and 22. 1 sq mi (57. 2 km²) of it (28. 28 percent) is water.

Oaklanders most broadly refer to their city's terrain as "the flatlands" and "the hills," which up until recent waves of gentrification have also been a reference to Oakland's deep economic divide, with "the hills" being more affluent communities. Oakland Hills is an informal term used to indicate the city neighborhoods lying within the eastern portion of Oakland, California. About two-thirds of Oakland lies within the flat plain of the San Francisco Bay, with one-third rising into the foothills and hills of the East Bay range.

One of Oakland's most notable features is Lake Merritt near downtown, the largest urban saltwater lake in the United States. Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the (Lake Merritt is technically an estuary of San Francisco Bay, not a lake. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento ^[18])

Neighborhoods

The city of Oakland stretches from the San Francisco Bay up into the East Bay hills. San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento The East Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States and comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties The character of these neighborhoods continues to change as waves of migrants from within the United States and from other countries relocate here. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The changing economy has also lured more workers with information technology and biotechnology skills to Oakland.

Oakland has more than 50 distinct neighborhoods, many of which are not "official" enough to be named on a map. ^[19] The common large neighborhood divisions in the city are downtown Oakland, East Oakland, North Oakland, and West Oakland. Downtown Oakland is the core of Oakland California 's Central business district. East Oakland is the southeastern portion of Oakland California, and takes up the largest portion of the city's land area North Oakland is an area in Oakland California, bordered by West Oakland, downtown Oakland Oakland Hills and the adjacent cities of Berkeley West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland California along the waterfront near the Port of Oakland and San Francisco – Oakland East Oakland actually encompasses more than half of Oakland's area, stretching from Lake Merritt southeast to San Leandro. Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. San Leandro is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. North Oakland encompasses the neighborhoods spread between downtown and Berkeley and Emeryville. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. Emeryville is a small city located in Alameda County California, in the United States. West Oakland is the area between downtown and the Bay, partially surrounded by the Oakland Point encompassing the Port of Oakland. Oakland Point, in Oakland California, USA, was the name of a small promontory on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay located in the vicinity of what is now The Port of Oakland was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for Container ships It is now the fourth busiest container

Another broad geographical distinction is between "the hills" and "the flatlands" (or "flats"). The flatlands are the historically working-class neighborhoods located relatively closer to San Francisco Bay, and the hills are the more upper-middle/upper-class neighborhoods along the northeast side of the city which include the Montclair and Claremont Hills neighborhoods. This hills/flats division is not only a characteristic of the City of Oakland, but extends beyond Oakland's borders into neighboring cities in the East Bay's urban core. The East Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States and comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Downtown and West Oakland are located entirely in the flatlands, while North and East Oakland incorporate lower hills and flatlands neighborhoods.

One island of "Non-Oakland" exists in the upscale city of Piedmont, in Oakland's central foothills, which is a separate city, completely surrounded by the city of Oakland. Piedmont is a small extremely affluent city in Alameda County, California, United States.

Downtown and Lake Merritt

• Adams Point
• Chinatown
• City Center
• Civic Center
• Downtown
• Jack London Square/Waterfront
• Lake Merritt
• Lakeside Apartments District
• Northgate/Waverly
• Old Oakland
• Peralta/Laney
• Pill Hill^[20]
• Uptown

East Oakland

Main article: East Oakland, Oakland, California

North Oakland

Main article: North Oakland, Oakland, California

• Bushrod Park
• Golden Gate
• Longfellow
• Piedmont (separate city surrounded by Oakland)
• Piedmont Avenue
• Rockridge
• Temescal

West Oakland

Main article: West Oakland, Oakland, California

• West Oakland
• Oakland Point
• Port of Oakland
• Ghosttown^[21]

Oakland Hills

Northeast Hills ^[22]

• Claremont
• Montclair
• Piedmont Pines
• Panoramic Hill
• Hiller Highlands
• Glen Highlands
• Merriwood
• Mountain View Cemetery
• Forestland
• Shepherd Canyon
• Upper Rockridge
• Montclair Business District
• Oakmore
• Lake Temescal
• Joaquin Miller Park

Southeast Hills ^[23]

• Crestmont
• Sequoyah Heights
• Sheffield
• Skyline-Hillcrest Estates
• Caballo Hills
• Leona Heights
• Chabot Park
• Woodminster

Climate

Oakland's climate is typified by the temperate and seasonally arid Mediterranean climate. Adams Point is a Neighborhood of Oakland California. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Merritt, directly adjacent to Downtown Oakland The Chinatown neighborhood in Oakland California is a pan- Asian Neighborhood which reflects Oakland's diverse Asian American community Downtown Oakland is the core of Oakland California 's Central business district. Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. The Lakeside Apartments District, also known as 'The Gold Coast' and simply as 'The Lakeside' is one of Oakland California's historic residential neighborhoods between it's Old Oakland, formally known as the Old Oakland Historic District is a Historic district in downtown Oakland California. Uptown is a neighborhood in Downtown Oakland California, located just north of the center of downtown East Oakland is the southeastern portion of Oakland California, and takes up the largest portion of the city's land area Fruitvale is a neighborhood in eastern Oakland California, in the United States. The Dimond District is a neighborhood centered on the intersection of MacArthur Boulevard and Fruitvale Avenue in East Oakland, Oakland, Laurel is one of the many culturally diverse neighborhoods in Oakland, California. Crocker Highlands is an affluent neighborhood of Oakland California that is bounded by the adjacent city of Piedmont to the north and roughly bordered by Lakeshore Glenview is a neighborhood in Oakland California, along Park Boulevard Redwood Heights is a mostly middle-class integrated residential Neighborhood in the hills of Oakland California. Grand Lake, or the Grand Lake District, is a Neighborhood of Oakland California. Lockwood Gardens, is a housing project located in East Oakland California, on 65th and International Boulevard Maxwell Park is a Neighborhood in Oakland California, bordered roughly by MacArthur Blvd High Street Trask Steet Foothill Blvd and 55th Avenue The Millsmont neighborhood of Oakland California encompasses the area of East Oakland to the south and east of Mills College. Oakmore is a Neighborhood in East Oakland, Oakland California that is off Leimert Street and above Dimond Park. Ridgemont is a neighborhood in Oakland California, next to Merritt College along Campus Drive Seminary, AKA "Sem City" is a neighborhood in the East Oakland section of Oakland California. San Antonio is a large District in Oakland, California, encompassing the land east of Lake Merritt to Sausal Creek. San Antonio is a large District in Oakland, California, encompassing the land east of Lake Merritt to Sausal Creek. Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood in the southernmost part of Oakland California. Brookfield Village is an Oakland California Neighborhood located in East Oakland near Oakland International Airport. Eastmont is the name of a former regional shopping mall built on 33 acres bounded roughly by Foothill Boulevard Bancroft and 73rd Avenues in East Oakland Oakland California Sobrante Park is located in East Oakland CA separated from the rest of the city by railroad tracks and industrial neighborhoods North Oakland is an area in Oakland California, bordered by West Oakland, downtown Oakland Oakland Hills and the adjacent cities of Berkeley The Bushrod Park neighborhood in North Oakland, Oakland California is an area surrounding its namesake park and bounded by Martin Luther King Jr The Golden Gate neighborhood of Oakland California is located in the northwest corner of the city east of Emeryville and south of Berkeley. Longfellow is a neighborhood of Oakland California. It is bounded by Temescal Creek to the north State Route 24 to the east Interstate 580 Piedmont is a small extremely affluent city in Alameda County, California, United States. The Piedmont Avenue neighborhood is a district in North Oakland California. Rockridge is a residential Neighborhood and commercial district in Oakland California. Temescal is one of the oldest Neighborhoods in the northern section of Oakland California. West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland California along the waterfront near the Port of Oakland and San Francisco – Oakland West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland California along the waterfront near the Port of Oakland and San Francisco – Oakland Oakland Point, in Oakland California, USA, was the name of a small promontory on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay located in the vicinity of what is now The Port of Oakland was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for Container ships It is now the fourth busiest container Ghost Town (sometimes spelled Ghosttown) is the informal name of the Foster Hoover Historic District neighborhood in West Oakland, Oakland, California The Claremont district is a neighborhood straddling the city limits of Oakland and Berkeley in the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Montclair (also known as the Montclair District) is a Neighborhood of Oakland California. Piedmont Pines is a residential district in Oakland California. The Mountain View Cemetery is a large Cemetery in Oakland California. Oakmore is a Neighborhood in East Oakland, Oakland California that is off Leimert Street and above Dimond Park. Lake Temescal is a small lake in the northeastern hills section of Oakland California. Joaquin Miller Park is a park in the Oakland Hills owned and operated by the city of Oakland California, named after early California writer and poet Joaquin Sequoyah Heights is a smaller part of the Oak Knoll neighborhood that runs alongside the southeastern part of the Oakland hills A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide More specifically, it has features found in both nearby coastal cities such as San Francisco and inland cities such as San Jose, so it is warmer than San Francisco and cooler than San Jose. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Its position on San Francisco Bay directly across from the Golden Gate means that the city gets significant cooling maritime fog during the summer. The Golden Gate is the North American Strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. It is far enough inland, though, that the fog often burns off by midday, allowing it to have typically sunny California days.

The National Weather Service has two official weather stations in Oakland: Oakland International Airport and the Oakland Museum (established 1970). The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oakland International Airport ( also known as Metropolitan Oakland International Airport, is a public Airport located ten miles (15 km) south of Oakland Museum of California or Oakland Museum is a Museum dedicated to the Art, History, and Natural science of California

Weather averages for Oakland, California
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	74 (23)	81 (27)	88 (31)	97 (36)	105 (41)	107 (42)	103 (39)	99 (37)	109 (43)	103 (39)	84 (29)	75 (24)	109 (43)
Average high °F (°C)	57 (14)	61 (16)	63 (17)	66 (19)	69 (21)	72 (22)	73 (23)	73 (23)	75 (24)	72 (22)	64 (18)	58 (14)	67 (19)
Average low °F (°C)	45 (7)	48 (9)	49 (9)	51 (11)	53 (12)	56 (13)	57 (14)	58 (14)	58 (14)	55 (13)	49 (9)	45 (7)	52 (11)
Record low °F (°C)	30 (-1)	29 (-2)	34 (1)	37 (3)	43 (6)	48 (9)	51 (11)	50 (10)	48 (9)	44 (7)	36 (2)	26 (-3)	26 (-3)
Precipitation inches (mm)	4. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 85 (123. 2)	4. 27 (108. 5)	3. 56 (90. 4)	1. 38 (35. 1)	0. 57 (14. 5)	0. 11 (2. 8)	0. 07 (1. 8)	0. 10 (2. 5)	0. 33 (8. 4)	1. 33 (33. 8)	3. 14 (79. 8)	3. 23 (82)	22. 94 (582. 7)
Source: Weather. com – Monthly Averages for Oakland[24] 2007-09-04

Demographics

City of Oakland Population by year[25][26]
1880: 34,555	1950: 384,575
1890: 48,682	1960: 367,548
1900: 66,960	1970: 361,561
1910: 150,174	1980: 339,337
1920: 216,261	1990: 372,242
1930: 284,063	2000: 399,484
1940: 302,163	2008: 420,183

In early 2008, Oakland's population reached 420,183. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common In the census^[27] of 2000, there were 399,484 people, 150,790 households, and 86,402 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 7,126. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (2,751. 4/km²). There were 157,508 housing units at an average density of 2,809. 8/sq mi (1,084. 8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 38. 66 percent African American, 23. 52 percent White, 0. 66 percent Native American, 15. 23 percent Asian American, 0. 50 percent Pacific Islander, 11. 66 percent from other races, and 4. 98 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21. 19 percent of the population. ^[28]

The US Census Bureau 2005 estimates show 31. 00 percent African American, 26. 10 percent White, 0. 60 percent Native American, 16. 40 percent Asian American, 0. 90 percent Pacific Islander, 14. 00 percent from other races, and 4. 80 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 00 percent of the population.

The U. S. Census Bureau 2006 estimates show estimates show 34. 1 percent White 30. 3 percent African American, 0. 9 percent Native American, 15. 6 percent Asian American, 0. 7 percent Pacific Islander, 14. 6 percent from other races, and 3. 8 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25. 9 percent of the population. The non-Hispanic White population totaled 89,834 - or 23. 8% of the population of 377,256. The Black or African-American population (alone or in combination with one or more other races) was 123,277, or 32. 6% of the total population. ^[29].

Oakland is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country. These thematic maps of Oakland California illustrate the different neighborhoods and the contrasting demographics of the diverse city ^[30]

Out of 150,790 households 28. 6 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34. 0 percent were married couples living together, 17. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 7 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 42. 7 percent were non-families. 32. 5 percent of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 6 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 60 and the average family size was 3. 38.

An analysis by the Urban Institute of U.S. Census 2000 numbers showed that Oakland has the third-highest concentration of gays and lesbians among the 50 largest U. S. cities, behind San Francisco and Seattle. Census data show that, among incorporated areas that have at least 500 female couples, Oakland has the nation's largest percent per capita. In 2000, Oakland counted 2650 lesbian couples; one in every 41 Oakland couples listed themselves as a same-sex female partnership. ^[31][32]

In 2000, Oakland's population was reported as 25. 0 percent under the age of 18, 9. 7 percent from 18 to 24, 34. 0 percent from 25 to 44, 20. 9 percent from 45 to 64, and 10. 5 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 93. 2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90. 2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,055, and the median income for a family was $44,384. Males had a median income of $37,433 versus $35,088 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,936. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 16. 2 percent of families and 19. 4 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 27. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 9 percent of those under age 18 and 13. 1 percent of those age 65 or over. 0. 7% of the population is homeless. ^[33] Home ownership is 41%^[33] and 14% of rental units are subsidized. ^[33] The current unemployment rate is 8. 4%. ^[33]

Crime

Though substantial gains have been made as evidenced from the Uniform Crime Reports published by the FBI, the city still ranks high in California for most categories of crime. The Uniform Crime Reports ( UCR) contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies across the country who then provide the data to the In the 2006 Morgan Quitno crime rankings, Oakland is ranked the eighth most dangerous city nationwide and the second most dangerous in California. Morgan Quitno Press is a research and publishing company based out of Lawrence, Kansas. In 2007, according to annual FBI crime statistics (based on 2006 numbers) Oakland is the fourth most dangerous city in the U. S. , surpassing another Bay Area city, Richmond, California, which ranks 9th. Richmond (ˈɹɪtʃmənd is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. ^[34] In 2006, Oakland had 145 murders,^[35] the highest number in ten years and the third highest since the early 1990s. ^[36] Murders increased 57 percent from only 94 murders in 2005. The peak was 175 homicides in 1992,^[37] which was at a time when an average of 160 murders a year occurred in the 1990s (1999 saw the lowest count at 68). The majority of the crimes being committed occur in West Oakland, Oakland, California and the flatlands of East Oakland between I-580 and I-880. West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland California along the waterfront near the Port of Oakland and San Francisco – Oakland East Oakland is the southeastern portion of Oakland California, and takes up the largest portion of the city's land area Interstate 880 (I-880 is an Interstate highway in the San Francisco Bay Area connecting San Jose and Oakland, running parallel to the southeastern ^[38][39] Besides homicides, Oakland has significant problems with other crimes of violence and property crimes. There were mixed results concerning crime in 2007; the city finished the year with 118 homicides, which was down from the aforementioned 145 in 2006. ^[40]

Current mayor Ron Dellums is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,^[41] an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino. The Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition is a coalition of Mayors from 225 different United States cities, with a stated goal of "making the public safer The City of New York Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and the Mayor of New York City. Thomas Michael Menino (born December 27, 1942) is the mayor of Boston Massachusetts, United States and the city's first

Politics

In the state legislature Oakland is located in the 9th Senate District, represented by Democrat Don Perata, and in the 14th, 16th, and 18th Assembly Districts, represented by Democrats Loni Hancock, Sandré Swanson, and Mary Hayashi respectively. The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Don Richard Perata (born April 30, 1945) is a California Democratic politician, who is the current President Pro tempore The California State Assembly is the Lower house of the California State Legislature. Loni Hancock (born 1941 is currently serving in her third term as the representative of California State Assembly District 14 Sandré Swanson (born 1948 was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2006 Mary Hayashi (born 1966 was elected to the California State Assembly in 2006 Federally, Oakland is located in California's 9th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D +38^[42] and is represented by Democrat Barbara Lee. California's 9th congressional district covers a significant portion of the East Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cook Partisan Voting Index ( CPVI) sometimes referred to as simply the Partisan Voting Index ( PVI) is a measurement of how strongly an American Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16 1946) is an American politician and has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives

Economy

Oakland is a major West Coast port, and is home to several major corporations including Kaiser Permanente and Clorox, as well as corporate headquarters for national retailers like Dreyer's and Cost Plus World Markets. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J The Clorox Company ( is a Manufacturer of various food and Chemical products based in Oakland California, which is best known for its Bleach Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream Holdings Inc, a division of Nestlé, is a United States -based producer of Ice cream and Frozen yogurt. ^[43]

Revitalization

Oakland has experienced an increase of both its population and of real-estate prices in the past decade, attributable to economic recovery and former mayor Brown's "10k Plan," which resulted in large amounts of new multi-family housing and development. In addition, Oakland's weather, location, and hillside neighborhoods with views of San Francisco and the Bay provide an attractive alternative to the high rents and home prices in nearby San Francisco. Because of its size, Oakland offers a substantial number of shopping districts and restaurants representing many American and international cuisines.

Gentrification

The West Oakland Community Land Trust, Inc. West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland California along the waterfront near the Port of Oakland and San Francisco – Oakland and The Institute for Community Economics have found ways to keep people in West Oakland. Since 1999, there has been a fall in crime, several ownership changes of land parcels, and much more community cohesiveness due to the redevelopment projects taking place in West Oakland. With developers interested in a "village community" with the West Oakland BART station as its center, West Oakland has seen an influx of new residents, some blue-collar and many white-collar workers. West Oakland is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located in the neighborhood of West Oakland in Oakland. As a result, programs, such as the Anti-Displacement Network, have been started to assist in the stabilization of costs for homeowners and renters in West Oakland who may face hardships due to the rising cost of rent.

Redevelopment proponents believe that by 2015, the redevelopment projects under way in West Oakland may provide employment, health services, recreational facilities, special placement facilities, and additional housing (with buyer options) for new and current renters. The success of this project may serve as the spark the city needs to change Oakland's reputation for high crime rates.

Nicknames

Oakland is known by several nicknames, of which the most common is "Oaktown". In the 1970s and '80s, some called Oakland "Bump City" as a reference to cocaine. Oakland is sometimes called the "Sunny Side of the Bay", as it is less foggy and more temperate than San Francisco. Other nicknames include "O-town",^[44] "The Town" and "The O. " Oakland has also been referred as "Cokeland" in reference to cocaine and "Oaksterdam" due to legalization of pot for medical use. Oakland is a part of the Bay Area consisting of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland, which is also called the "Yay Area". The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the ^[45]

"There's no there there"

Many Oaklanders have been frustrated by the misuse of this famous quote about Oakland. "There's no there there",^[46] writer Gertrude Stein declared upon learning as an adult that her childhood Oakland home had been torn down. Gertrude Stein ( February 3, 1874 &ndash July 27, 1946) was an American Writer who spent most of her life in France Contrary to popular belief, the comment was not meant to disparage the city, but rather to express a sentiment similar to "you can't go home again. The Great Gatsby is a Novel by the American author F Scott Fitzgerald. "

Modern-day Oakland has turned the quote on its head, with a statue downtown simply titled "There. " Additionally, in 2005 a sculpture called HERETHERE was installed by the City of Berkeley on the Berkeley-Oakland border at Martin Luther King Jr. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. Way. The sculpture consists of eight-foot-tall letters spelling "HERE" and "THERE" in front of the BART rapid transit tracks as they descend from their elevated section in Oakland to the subway through Berkeley.

Arts and culture

Annual cultural events

Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Oakland:

• Cinco de Mayo Fruitvale Festival & Parade (weekend nearest May 5)
• Oakland Greek Festival (mid-May)
• Chinatown Streetfest (late August)
• Art & Soul Festival (Labor Day weekend)
• Montclair Jazz & Wine Festival (mid-September)
• Black Cowboy Parade (early October)
• Oakland International Film Festival (September or October)
• Fruitvale Dia de los Muertos Festival (Sunday before November 1)
• Oakland Holiday Parade (early December)

Attractions

• Chabot Space and Science Center
• Children's Fairyland
• Chinatown
• Dunsmuir House
• Jack London Square
• McAfee Coliseum, home of baseball’s Oakland Athletics, and the Oakland Raiders of the NFL. Chabot Space and Science Center, located in Oakland California, is a hands-on center featuring interactive exhibits a digital Planetarium, a large screen theater Children's Fairyland USA was the first Theme park in the United States created to cater to families with young children The Chinatown neighborhood in Oakland California is a pan- Asian Neighborhood which reflects Oakland's diverse Asian American community The Dunsmuir House and Gardens is located in Oakland California on a 50 acre site Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. The Oakland Athletics are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football team based in the city of Oakland California. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league.
• Mountain View Cemetery, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and resting place of many famous Californians
• Oakland Museum of California
• Oakland Public Library
• Oracle Arena, directly adjacent to McAfee Coliseum, home to the Golden State Warriors of the NBA
• Paramount Theater
• Pardee Home
• Too $hort's Pimpmansion
• USS Potomac, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's presidential yacht
• Oakland Zoo

Nightlife

Downtown Oakland has an assortment of bars and nightclubs. The Mountain View Cemetery is a large Cemetery in Oakland California. Frederick Law Olmsted ( April 25, 1822 &ndash August 28, 1903) was an American landscape designer and father of American Oakland Museum of California or Oakland Museum is a Museum dedicated to the Art, History, and Natural science of California The Oakland Public Library is the public Library in Oakland, California. The Oracle Arena, also known by its former names of the Oakland Coliseum Arena, the Oakland Arena, the Arena In Oakland, and The New Arena is The Golden State Warriors are an American professional Basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Paramount Theatre is a massive Art Deco Movie theatre located in downtown Oakland California, USA. The Pardee Home is a House in Oakland California that was home to three generations of the Pardee family The USS Potomac (AG-25, formerly the USCGC Electra, was Franklin Delano Roosevelt ’s presidential yacht from 1936 until his death in 1945 For the University of Pittsburgh basketball cheering section with the same name see Oakland Zoo (cheering section Oakland Zoo, in the past known as the A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark They range from punk-rock makeovers of dive bars, such as The Stork Club and the Ruby Room, to modern bistros and dance clubs, such as Luka's Taproom and Lounge, @17,Pat's bar, Roy's 19th. st. Station, and The Oasis, to hipster spots such as Radio, Geoffreys, Karribean City, and art and jazz bar Cafe van Kleef.

Oakland is home to a world-class jazz venue, Yoshi's, near Jack London Square. Yoshi's is the preeminent Jazz club of the San Francisco Bay Area. Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. Jack London Square is a nighttime destination because of its movie theaters, restaurants, and clubs.

Recent months have seen the growth of the "Oakland Art Murmur" event, occurring in the Uptown neighborhood the first Friday evening of every month, which features concurrent art openings from many galleries including 21 Grand, Boontling Gallery, Ego Park, Mama Buzz, and Rock Paper Scissors. ^[47]

The Rockridge area around the Rockridge BART station is known for its restaurants and bars. It stretches along College Ave from Broadway to Alcatraz Ave.

Filming Locations

Oakland has been a less expensive location for several notable movies, TV Commercials, and music videos

• The Mack (1973)
• The Principal (1987)
• Too Short- Life Is...Too Short music video (1988)
• Too Short- I Ain't Trippin' music video (1988)
• Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)
• True Believer (1989 film)
• Too Short- The Ghetto music video (1990)
• Raw Fusion- Throw your hands in tha air, music video (1991)
• Raw Fusion- Rockin' to the P. The Mack is a 1973 Blaxploitation film starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. The Principal is a 1987 film starring James Belushi and Louis Gossett Jr Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American Life IsToo Short is a hip-hop Album by Too Short. It was released in 1988 (see 1988 in music) on Jive/RCA Records although Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American Life IsToo Short is a hip-hop Album by Too Short. It was released in 1988 (see 1988 in music) on Jive/RCA Records although Tucker The Man and His Dream is a 1988 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Jeff Bridges which tells the story of Preston True Believer is a 1989 Courtroom drama directed by Joseph Ruben and released by Columbia Pictures. Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American " The Ghetto " is a 1990 single by Oakland Rapper Too Short from his album Short Dog's in the House. Raw Fusion was a spin-off project from Digital Underground rapper Money-B, with DJ talent provided by DU contributor DJ Fuze. Raw Fusion was a spin-off project from Digital Underground rapper Money-B, with DJ talent provided by DU contributor DJ Fuze. M. , music video (1991)
• Spice 1 Welcome to the Ghetto music video (1992)
• Spice 1 East Bay Gangster (Reggae) music video (1992)
• Too Short- In The Trunk music video (1992)
• Too Short- I Want To Be Free (That's The Truth) music video (1992)
• Sneakers (1992)
• Made In America (1993)
• Too Short I'm A Player music video (1993)
• Too Short Money In The Ghetto music video (1993)
• Too Short Get in Where You Fit In music video (1993)
• The Coup Dig it music video (1993)
• The Coup Funk music video (1993)
• The Coup Not Yet Free music video (1993)
• the Conscious Daughters Somethin' to Ride (Fonky Expedition) music video (1993)
• Poetic Justice (1993)
• Seagram The Ville music video (1993)
• The Coup Fat Cats, Bigga Fish music video (1994)
• The Coup Takin' These music video (1994)
• Seagram Eastside music video (1995)
• Dru Down (album) Pimp Of The Year music video (1995) radio-friendly version under the name "Mack of the Year", the video borrowes from the film the Mack, also filmed in Oakland, Ca. Spice 1 (born Robert L Green Jr in Corsicana Texas) is a West Coast rapper raised in Hayward California, best known for his acclaimed self-titled Spice 1 is Spice 1 's first Studio album, and his second overall Spice 1 (born Robert L Green Jr in Corsicana Texas) is a West Coast rapper raised in Hayward California, best known for his acclaimed self-titled Spice 1 is Spice 1 's first Studio album, and his second overall Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American This seventh release by Too Short, Shorty the Pimp, was released in 1992 Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American This seventh release by Too Short, Shorty the Pimp, was released in 1992 Sneakers is a 1992 caper Film directed by Phil Alden Robinson ( Field of Dreams) and written by Robinson Made in America is successful 1993 film released on May 28, 1993 by Warner Bros Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American For the Too Short album of the same name Get In Where You Fit In Get in Where You Fit in is a Mixtape by rap group Young Gunz Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American For the Too Short album of the same name Get In Where You Fit In Get in Where You Fit in is a Mixtape by rap group Young Gunz Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American For the Too Short album of the same name Get In Where You Fit In Get in Where You Fit in is a Mixtape by rap group Young Gunz The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Kill My Landlord is the debut album by Political hip hop group The Coup, released May 4, 1993 on Wild Pitch Records The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Kill My Landlord is the debut album by Political hip hop group The Coup, released May 4, 1993 on Wild Pitch Records The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Kill My Landlord is the debut album by Political hip hop group The Coup, released May 4, 1993 on Wild Pitch Records The Conscious Daughters (TCD are a female rap duo consisting of members Special One and CMG out of Northern California's Bay Area. Poetic justice is a literary device in which Virtue is ultimately Rewarded or Vice punished, often in modern literature by an Seagram Miller (1970 - July 31st 1996 was a West Coast gangster rapper from Oakland California. The Dark Roads is the debut album by Oakland rapper Seagram. The album features the violent but intelligent single The Ville in which Seagram The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Genocide & Juice is the second album by Political hip hop group The Coup, released October 13, 1994 on Wild Pitch Records The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Genocide & Juice is the second album by Political hip hop group The Coup, released October 13, 1994 on Wild Pitch Records Seagram Miller (1970 - July 31st 1996 was a West Coast gangster rapper from Oakland California. Reality Check is the second album by Oakland rapper Seagram. Track listing The Town [[Gangsta P]] (455 Gangsta Dru Down is the self-titled debut album by Oakland rapper Dru Down. Dru Down is the self-titled debut album by Oakland rapper Dru Down.
• Luniz I Got 5 on It music video (1995)
• 3X Krazy Sunshine in the O music video (1995)
• Too Short Cocktales music video (1995)
• Richie Rich (rapper) Do G's Get To Go To Heaven? music video (1996)
• Richie Rich (rapper) Let's Ride music video (1996)
• Yukmouth Still Ballin' music video (1998)
• The Coup Me & Jesus the Pimp in a '79 Granada Last Night music video (1998) also filmed in San Francisco, Ca. Luniz (formerly Lunitunz) is a platinum-selling rap duo from Oakland, California formed by rappers Yukmouth and Numskull " I Got 5 on It " is the title of a rap song by hip hop duo Luniz, taken from their album Operation Stackola. 3X Krazy, also known as 3XK, is an American hip-hop group from Oakland California whose members are Keak Da Sneak, B Sick-O is an EP by 3X Krazy. It was released on September 5, 1995 for Str8 Game Records and featured production from Tone Capone Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28 1966) better known by his Stage name Too Short (seen on album covers as Too $hort) is an American Cocktails is a 1995 Album from Oakland rapper Too Short. It is certified platinum and features performances by Richard Serrell, better known by his Stage name Richie Rich, is a Rapper from Oakland, California. Seasoned Veteran is an album by Oakland California rapper Richie Rich. Richard Serrell, better known by his Stage name Richie Rich, is a Rapper from Oakland, California. Seasoned Veteran is an album by Oakland California rapper Richie Rich. Jerold Dwight Ellis III (born on October 18, 1974 in Oakland, California) better known by his Stage name Yukmouth, is Thugged out The Albulation is the Debut album by American Rapper Yukmouth, released in 1998 The Coup is a Political hip hop group based in Oakland California. Steal This Album is the third album by Oakland hip hop duo The Coup, released four years after their second album Genocide & Juice The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city
• True Crime (1999)
• The Matrix Reloaded (2003)
• Mona Lisa Smile (2003)
• Bee Season (2005)
• xXx: State of the Union (2005)
• The Pursuit of Happyness (2006)
• Merritt Restaurant commercials
• Keyshia Cole's I Changed My Mind music video (2004)
• E-40's Tell Me When To Go music video (2006)

various others

• the coup
• m. True Crime is a 1999 film directed by and starring Clint Eastwood. The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 Film, the second installment in ''The Matrix'' trilogy, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers Mona Lisa Smile is a 2003 American Film that was produced by Revolution Studios and Columbia Pictures, directed by Bee Season is a 2005 Feature film based on the 2000 novel by Myla Goldberg. xXx State of the Union, mainly released as xXx 2 The Next Level outside of the United States and Canada is a 2005 action / Adventure The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American Biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on and off-homeless salesman-turned-stockbroker " I Changed My Mind " is the debut single from American R&B Singer, Keyshia Cole from her platinum Debut album, " Tell Me When to Go " is the first single from E-40 's BME/Warner Bros c hammer
• digital underground
• action packed ganstas
• Keak da Sneak

Sports

Oakland has teams in three professional sports: Basketball, baseball, and football.

Club	Sport	Founded	League	Venue
Oakland Athletics	Baseball	1901 (in Oakland since 1968)	Major League Baseball: American League	McAfee Coliseum
Oakland Raiders	American Football	1960 (in Los Angeles from 1982–1994)	National Football League: American Conference. The Oakland Athletics are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football team based in the city of Oakland California. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. AFC West	McAfee Coliseum
Golden State Warriors	Basketball	1948 (In Oakland since 1971)	National Basketball Association: Western Conference. The AFC West is a division of the National Football League 's American Football Conference. The Golden State Warriors are an American professional Basketball team based in Oakland, California. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m	Oracle Arena
Oakland Slammers	Basketball	2005	International Basketball League (2005-):	Merritt College

Oakland's former sports teams include:

• Oakland Oaks, Pacific Coast League of Baseball, 1903–1955. The Oracle Arena, also known by its former names of the Oakland Coliseum Arena, the Oakland Arena, the Arena In Oakland, and The New Arena is The Oakland Slammers, based in Oakland California were members of the International Basketball League (2005- for two seasons and completed their second season in Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m This article is about the International Basketball League formed in 2004. Merritt College is a two-year Community college located in the hills of Oakland in Alameda County, California. The Oakland Athletics are a professional baseball team based in Oakland, California. The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football team based in the city of Oakland California. The Oakland Oaks were a Minor league baseball team in Oakland California that played in the Pacific Coast League from 1903 through 1955 after which the The Pacific Coast League (PCL is a Minor league baseball league operating in the West and Midwest of the United States. (The Oaks played at Oaks Park in Emeryville after 1912. Oaks Park, formally known as the Oakland Baseball Park, and at times nicknamed Emeryville Park and Ewing Field, was a Baseball Stadium Emeryville is a small city located in Alameda County California, in the United States. )
• Oakland Oaks, American Basketball League, 1962. The Oakland Oaks were an American Basketball team based in Oakland California that was a member of the American Basketball League.
• Oakland Oaks, American Basketball Association, 1967–1969. The Oakland Oaks were a charter member of the original American Basketball Association. The American Basketball Association ( ABA) was a professional Basketball league founded in 1967, and eventually merged in part with the National
• Oakland Seals, National Hockey League, 1967–1976. The California Golden Seals were a team in the National Hockey League (NHL from 1967-76 The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America
• Oakland Clippers, North American Soccer League, 1968. The Oakland Clippers were a Soccer team based out of Oakland California that played in the non- FIFA sanctioned National Professional Soccer League North American Soccer League (NASL was a professional soccer League with teams in the United States of America (U
• Oakland Stompers, North American Soccer League, 1978. The Oakland Stompers were a Soccer team in the North American Soccer League (NASL which played the 1978 season in the NASL North American Soccer League (NASL was a professional soccer League with teams in the United States of America (U
• Oakland Invaders, United States Football League, 1983–1985. Oakland Invaders were a professional American football team that played in the United States Football League (USFL from For the proposed "New USFL" see United States Football League (2010.
• Oakland Skates, Roller Hockey International, 1993–1996. The Oakland Skates were a professional roller hockey team and were a member team in Roller Hockey International ( RHI)from 1993 through 1996 Roller Hockey International was a professional Inline hockey league that operated in North America from 1993 to 1999.

Parks and recreation

• Joaquin Miller Park
• Joseph Knowland State Arboretum and Park, home of the Oakland Zoo
• Lake Merritt
• Morcom Rose Garden best from July through October
• William Joseph McInnes Botanic Garden and Campus Arboretum, located on the Mills College campus

Additionally, the following seven East Bay Regional Parks are located entirely or partially in the city of Oakland:

• Anthony Chabot Regional Park
• Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve
• Leona Canyon Regional Open Space Preserve
• Redwood Regional Park
• Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve
• Roberts Regional Recreation Area
• Temescal Regional Park

Biology and ecology

The land that Oakland covers was once a mosaic of coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Joaquin Miller Park is a park in the Oakland Hills owned and operated by the city of Oakland California, named after early California writer and poet Joaquin Joseph Knowland State Arboretum and Park is a park located in Oakland California. For the University of Pittsburgh basketball cheering section with the same name see Oakland Zoo (cheering section Oakland Zoo, in the past known as the Lake Merritt is a large tidal lagoon that lies just east of downtown Oakland California. The Morcom Rose Garden (formerly the Morcom Amphitheater of Roses is located in a Residential neighborhood in Oakland, California, near the The William Joseph McInnes Botanic Garden and Campus Arboretum is located at the corner of Seminary Avenue and MacArthur Boulevard on the campus of Mills College in Oakland Mills College is an independent liberal arts women's college founded in 1852 that offers The East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD is a Special district operating in Alameda County and Contra Costa County California, within the East Anthony Chabot Regional Park is a Regional park on 5067 acres (21 km² in the San Leandro Hills Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve is a Regional park located in Oakland CA that is part of the East Bay Regional Parks system Leona Canyon Regional Open Space Preserve is a Regional park located in Oakland CA that is part of the East Bay Regional Parks system Redwood Regional Park is a park of the East Bay Regional Parks District (EBRPD in the San Francisco Bay Area. Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve is located in the Berkeley Hills just east of Oakland California, USA Roberts Regional Recreation Area is a Regional park located in Oakland CA that is part of the East Bay Regional Parks system Lake Temescal is a small lake in the northeastern hills section of Oakland California. Lake Merritt has only recently become a "lake", where it once was a productive estuary linked to the Bay. Oakland is home to many rare and endangered species including the Presidio Clarkia, Pallid Manzanita, Tiburon Buckwheat, Oakland Star-Tulip, Most-Beautiful Jewel Flower, Western Leatherwood, and the Alameda Whipsnake. Arctostaphylos pallida, commonly known as Pallid Manzanita, Oakland Hills Manzanita, and Alameda Manzanita, is an upright shrub from the The California Whipsnake ( Masticophis lateralis) aka Striped Racer, is a Colubrid snake of the California coast and foothills Many rare species are localized to serpentine soils and bedrock. The serpentine group describes a group of common rock-forming hydrous Magnesium Iron phyllosilicate (()3 Minerals they

Government

Oakland is a mayor-council government. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern The mayor is elected for a 4-year term. The council has eight council members representing seven districts in Oakland with one member elected at-large; council members serve staggered 4-year terms. A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a At-Large is a designation for representative members of a governing body who are Elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body (for example a city state The mayor appoints a city administrator, subject to the confirmation by the City Council, who is the chief administrative officer of the city. A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a City, in a council-manager form of city government Other city officers include: city attorney (elected), city auditor (elected), and city clerk (appointed by city administrator). A city attorney can be an Elected or appointed position in city and municipal government in the United States. The most general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person organization system process project or product The municipal clerk along with the tax collector is the oldest of public servants ^[48]

See also: List of mayors of Oakland, California

Education

Primary and secondary education

Most public schools in Oakland are operated by the Oakland Unified School District (OUSD), which covers the entire city of Oakland; due to financial troubles and administrative failures, it has been in receivership by the state of California since 2002. This is the list of Mayors of the city of Oakland California, which was founded in 1852 Oakland Unified School District is a Public education School district which operates Elementary schools (K-5 Middle schools (6-8 and The Oakland Unified School District (2006-2007) includes 59 elementary schools, 23 middle schools, 19 high schools, with 9 alternative education schools and programs, 4 adult education schools and early childhood education centers at most of the elementary schools ^[49] There are 46,000 K-12 students, 32,000 adult students, and 6,000 plus employees. ^[50]

Overall, OUSD schools have performed poorly for years. In the 2005 results of the STAR testing, over 50 percent of students taking the test performed "below basic," while only 20 percent performed at least "proficient" on the English section of the test. ^[51] Some individual schools have much better performance than the city-wide average, for instance, in 2005 over half the students at Hillcrest Elementary School performed at the "advanced" level in the English portion of the test, and students at Lincoln Elementary School performed at the "advanced" level in the math portion. Lincoln Elementary School is part of the Oakland Unified School District.

Several factors have been blamed for poor performance, including an inefficient top-heavy administrative structure and a student body that is often poor or from a background of limited English proficiency.

Oakland's three largest public high schools are Oakland High School, Oakland Technical High School, and Skyline High School. Oakland Senior High School (also known as O-High and OHS) is a public high school in California. Oakland Technical High School, known locally as Oakland Tech or just simply "Tech", is a public high school in Oakland California, and is operated Skyline High School is a public High school in Oakland, California, USA. There are also numerous small high schools within Castlemont Community of Small Schools, Fremont Federation of High Schools, and McClymonds Educational Complex, all of which were once single, larger public high schools (Castlemont High School, Fremont High School, and McClymonds High School, respectively). Castlemont Community of Small Schools is a community of three small schools in Oakland, California, created by splitting up Castlemont High School The Fremont Federation of High Schools is a group of four high schools in Oakland California formerly known as Fremont Senior High School. McClymonds Educational Complex is the collective name of the two small high schools occupying the building of McClymonds High School. McClymonds High School, also known as Mack, and Mack House, was a public High school, in the West Oakland neighborhood of Oakland California

There are 25 public charter schools with 5,887 students ^[52] which operate outside the domain of OUSD. Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but Lionel Wilson College Prep Academy and Oakland Unity High School have been certified by the California Charter Schools Association[2]. Oakland's Unity High School (Unity is an independent charter high school serving all students in Oakland California. ^[53] Other charter schools include the Oakland Military Academy, Oakland School for the Arts, Bay Area Technology School, and Oakland Charter Academy. Oakland Military Academy was founded in Oakland New Jersey in the 1930s by the Sarcka family Oakland School for the Arts is a charter school in Oakland California.

There are several private high schools. Notables include the secular The College Preparatory School and Head-Royce School, both with tuitions around $25,000 per year and the Catholic Bishop O'Dowd High School, Holy Names High School and St. Elizabeth High School. The College Preparatory School (also known as CPS or College Prep) of Oakland California, is a four-year private coeducational day high school The Head-Royce School ( Head-Royce or HRS) is a co-educational college-preparatory K-12 school in Oakland, California This article is about Catholic schools in general for specific schools named Catholic High School, see Catholic High School (disambiguation. Bishop O'Dowd High School is a Catholic, co-educational College preparatory school in Oakland, California, administered by the Roman Holy Names High School is the name given to several different schools;Canada Holy Names High School (Windsor, Catholic coeducational high school in Windsor St Elizabeth High School is a private, Roman Catholic High school in Oakland California. Catholic schools in Oakland are operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland also include 8 K-8 schools (plus 1 in Piedmont on the Oakland city border). The Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland ( Latin: Dioecesis Quercopolitana) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church

Julia Morgan School for Girls is a private middle school for girls housed on the campus of Mills College. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School Mills College is an independent liberal arts women's college founded in 1852 that offers Northern Light School is a private nonprofit elementary and middle school.

Colleges and universities

Colleges and universities include:

• Peralta Community College District
  • Laney College
  • Merritt College
• Pacific Oaks College (Self-paced and Cohort Degree Programs are housed in the historic Downtown Oakland Y. The Peralta Community College District is the Community college district serving northern Alameda County California. Laney College is a Community college located in Oakland California, next to the Lake Merritt BART station and the Kaiser Convention Center. Merritt College is a two-year Community college located in the hills of Oakland in Alameda County, California. Pacific Oaks College is located in Pasadena California, United States. W. C. A. building)
• California College of the Arts (formerly the California College of Arts and Crafts)
• Holy Names University (formerly Holy Names College)
• Lincoln University
• Mills College
• Patten University
• Samuel Merritt College (a health science college)
• The University of California, Berkeley campus is located partially within the Oakland city limits. Founded in 1907 California College of the Arts (formerly California College of Arts and Crafts is a regionally accredited independent school of art and design in Oakland Holy Names University is a private coeducational University located in Oakland California. Mills College is an independent liberal arts women's college founded in 1852 that offers Patten University is a private institution of Higher education in Oakland California. Samuel Merritt College, founded in 1909 as a hospital school of nursing is a fully accredited health sciences institution located in Oakland California. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley
  • UCB Extension has classes in the Oakland Professional Development and Conference Center in downtown.
• Cal State East Bay's Oakland Professional Development and Conference Center is located in downtown. California State University East Bay (also known as CSUEB, Cal State East Bay, and formerly known as California State University Hayward) is a campus

Oakland is also the home of the headquarters of the University of California system. The University of California ( UC) is a Public university system in the state of California.

Media

Main article: List of television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area

Oakland is served by major television stations broadcasting out of San Francisco and San Jose mostly. Network stations The major network television affiliates include KGO-TV 7 ( ABC) KPIX 5 ( CBS) KTVU 2 The region's Fox affiliate, KTVU, is based in (and licensed to) Oakland at Jack London Square along with independent station KICU-TV (licensed to San Jose). KTVU, channel 2 is the San Francisco Bay Area 's Fox affiliate Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. KICU-TV, known as TV36, is a Television station in San Jose California that broadcasts on analog channel 36 and digital channel 52 In addition, the city is served by various AM and FM radio stations as well; AM stations KMKY, KNEW and KQKE are licensed to Oakland. KKGN (960 AM, "Green 960" is a progressive talk Radio station licensed to Oakland California which serves the

The Oakland Tribune published its first newspaper on February 21, 1874. The Oakland Tribune is a daily Newspaper published in Oakland California by the Alameda Newspaper Group, a subsidiary of MediaNews Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Tribune Tower, which sports a clock, is one of Oakland's landmarks. The Tribune Tower is a 305 ft (93 m 21 story building located in Downtown Oakland California. At key times throughout the day (8:00 am, noon and 5:00 pm), the clock tower carillon plays a variety of classic melodies, which change on a daily basis. In 2007, the Oakland Tribune announced they were leaving the Tribune tower (where they had actually been a tenant for several years) for a new location in East Oakland outside the downtown core.

The East Bay Express, a locally-owned free weekly paper, is based in Emeryville near North Oakland and distributed throughout the East Bay. The East Bay Express (founded 1978) is an Emeryville California -based weekly Newspaper serving the East Bay region of the

The OakBook, a locally owned, free city magazine published six times a year, launched in December 2007.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Freeways, bridges, and tunnels

Oakland is served by several major highways: Interstate 80 (Eastshore Freeway), Interstate 580 (MacArthur Freeway), Interstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway), Interstate 980, State Route 13 (Warren Freeway) and State Route 24 (Grove Shafter Freeway). In the US state of California, Interstate 80, a major east-west route of the Interstate Highway System, has its western terminus in San Francisco Interstate 880 (I-880 is an Interstate highway in the San Francisco Bay Area connecting San Jose and Oakland, running parallel to the southeastern Interstate 980 (I-980 is a short Interstate spur entirely within Oakland California connecting Interstate 580 and State Route 24 to Interstate State Route 13 in the US state of California is a short loop in Alameda County currently built from Interstate 580 in Oakland to State Route 24 in the US state of California is a heavily-traveled east-west Freeway in the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay Area of northern A stub of a planned freeway was constructed at the High Street exit from the Nimitz Freeway, but that freeway extension plan was abandoned.

In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake caused the Cypress Street Viaduct double-deck segment of the Nimitz Freeway I-880 to collapse, killing 42 people. The Loma Prieta earthquake, also known as the Quake of '89 and the World Series Quake, was a major Earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay The Cypress Street Viaduct was a 2-kilometer long raised two-tier multi-lane (four lanes per deck freeway constructed of reinforced concrete that was Interstate 880 (I-880 is an Interstate highway in the San Francisco Bay Area connecting San Jose and Oakland, running parallel to the southeastern The old freeway segment had passed right through the middle of West Oakland, forming a barrier between West Oakland neighborhoods. Following the earthquake, this section of the Nimitz Freeway was rerouted around the perimeter of West Oakland and rebuilt in 1999. The east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge also suffered damage from the quake when a 50-foot (15-meter) section of the upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck; the damaged section was repaired one month after the earthquake. As a result of the earthquake, a significant seismic retrofit was performed on the western span of the Bay Bridge, and the eastern span is scheduled for replacement, with the new span projected to be completed in 2014. As of December 2007 work is continuing on the eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.

Two underwater tunnels, the Webster and Posey Tubes, connect the main island of Alameda to Downtown Oakland, coming above ground in Chinatown. The Posey Tube and the Webster Street Tube are two parallel underwater tunnels connecting the cities of Oakland and Alameda California, running beneath The Posey Tube and the Webster Street Tube are two parallel underwater tunnels connecting the cities of Oakland and Alameda California, running beneath In addition, the Park Street, Fruitvale, and High Street Bridges connect Alameda to East Oakland over the Oakland Estuary. The Park Street Bridge is a small Drawbridge that crosses the Oakland Estuary in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Fruitvale Bridge is a small Drawbridge that crosses the Oakland Estuary. The Oakland Estuary is the body of water separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

In the hills, the Leimert Bridge crosses Dimond Canyon, connecting the Oakmore neighborhood to Park Boulevard. Leimert Bridge is located in the Oakmore neighborhood of Oakland California. The Caldecott Tunnel carries Highway 24 through the Oakland Hills, connecting central Contra Costa County to Oakland. The Caldecott Tunnel is a three bore highway Tunnel in Oakland California. The Caldecott has three bores, with a fourth one planned.

Mass transit

The metropolitan area is served by Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) from eight convenient stations for Oakland commuters. The system has headquarters in Oakland, with major transfer hubs at MacArthur and Oakland City Center/12th Street stations. MacArthur is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station near MacArthur Boulevard in Oakland. Oakland City Center/12th Street is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit station located at 12th Street and Broadway next to the Oakland City Center in BART's headquarters was located in a building above the Lake Merritt Station until 2006, when it relocated to the Kaiser Center over seismic safety concerns. The Lake Merritt Bay Area Rapid Transit station is located on Oak Street near Oakland 's Lake Merritt and Chinatown, next to Laney

Public bus service is provided by AC Transit, which was created from the old privately owned Key System. AC Transit (in full Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is a regional Bus agency serving parts of Alameda County and Contra Costa County The Key System (or Key Route) was a privately owned company which provided Mass transit in the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda The Alameda / Oakland Ferry operates ferry service from Jack London Square to Alameda, San Francisco, and Angel Island. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. Alameda is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Angel Island is an island in San Francisco Bay that offers spectacular views of the San Francisco skyline the Marin County Headlands and Mount

Air

Main article: Oakland International Airport

Oakland is served by the Oakland International Airport, one of three international airports in the San Francisco Bay Area, which is located 4 miles (6 km) south of downtown Oakland. Oakland International Airport ( also known as Metropolitan Oakland International Airport, is a public Airport located ten miles (15 km) south of The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the Airlines serving Oakland International provide service to numerous destinations in the United States, as well as Mexico. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Serving most low-cost air travelers to other major cities, the airport has proven a popular alternative to San Francisco International, thanks largely to a heavy Southwest Airlines presence, which has been servicing Oakland International since 1989. San Francisco International Airport is a major international Airport located south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States adjacent to the Southwest Airlines Co ( is an American low-cost Airline based in Dallas Texas, with its largest focus city at Las Vegas ' McCarran Right now, it is served by AirBART, which links the airport to the Coliseum BART Station, and a rail connector is tentatively in the works. AirBART is a shuttle Bus service that connects the Bay Area Rapid Transit District 's Coliseum/Oakland Airport station with Oakland International Airport The Oakland Coliseum Amtrak/BART Station is actually a reference to two separate stations of two Public transit providers that are within 600 ft (183 m) of

Rail

The city has regional and long distance passenger train service provided by Amtrak, with a station located blocks from Jack London Square served by the Amtrak Capitol Corridor, Coast Starlight and San Joaquins train routes. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Jack London Square is a popular tourist attraction on the waterfront of Oakland California. The Capitol Corridor is a 172-mile (275 km Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in California. The Coast Starlight is a 1377-mile (2235 km Passenger train route operated by Amtrak on the West Coast of the United States. The San Joaquins are Passenger trains operated by Amtrak California in California 's Central Valley. Capitol Corridor trains also stop at a second, newer Oakland Coliseum station. The Oakland Coliseum Amtrak/BART Station is actually a reference to two separate stations of two Public transit providers that are within 600 ft (183 m) of Amtrak's California Zephyr has its western terminus at Emeryville station, just outside of Oakland's borders in the city of the same name. The California Zephyr is a 2438-mile (3924-km long Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in the Midwestern and Western United The Emeryville Amtrak station is an Amtrak station in Emeryville California that replaced the older Amtrak 16th Street Station in Oakland.

Freight service, which consists primarily of moving shipping containers to and from the Port of Oakland, is provided today by Union Pacific Railroad (which absorbed the Western Pacific in 1983 and the Southern Pacific in the 1990s), and to a lesser extent by BNSF Railway (which now shares the tracks of the Union Pacific between Richmond and Oakland). The BNSF Railway headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, is one of the four remaining Transcontinental railroads and one of the largest railroad networks in

Historically, Oakland was served by several railroads. Besides the transcontinental line (the "overland") of the Southern Pacific, there was also the Santa Fe (whose Oakland terminal was actually in Emeryville), the Western Pacific Railroad (who built a pier adjacent to the SP's), and the Sacramento Northern Railroad (eventually absorbed by the Western Pacific which in turn was absorbed by UP in 1983). The Western Pacific Railroad was a Class I Railroad in the United States. The Sacramento Northern Railway began as a 93 mile electric Interurban Railway system linking the California state capitol Sacramento with the

Sea

As one of the three major ports on The American West Coast, the Port of Oakland is the largest seaport on San Francisco Bay and the fourth busiest container port in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States The Port of Oakland was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for Container ships It is now the fourth busiest container It was one of the earliest seaports to switch to containerization and to intermodal container transfer,^[54] thereby displacing San Francisco which never modernized its old waterfront. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in a container or Vehicle, using multiple modes of Transportation ( One of the earlier limitations to growth was the inability to transfer containers to rail lines, all cranes historically operating between ocean vessels and trucks. A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a Winder, Wire ropes or Chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. In the 1980s the Port of Oakland began the evaluation of development of an intermodal container transfer capability, i. Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in a container or Vehicle, using multiple modes of Transportation ( e. facilities that now allow trans-loading of containers from vessels to either trucks or rail modes.

Utilities

• Water and sewage treatment are provided by East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of various qualities to different users Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing Contaminants from Wastewater, both Runoff ( Effluents The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD colloquially referred to as "EBMUD" "East Bay Mud" or sometimes just pronounced as "ebmud" (i
• Natural gas and electricity are provided by PG&E. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of Electricity to end users For the 1970s rock music band see Pacific Gas & Electric (band.
• Waste management is contracted to Waste Management, Inc. Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials Waste Management Inc ( is a Waste management, comprehensive waste and environmental services company in North America. A four-week lockout by WMI left trash piling up on city streets in July 2007. A lockout is a Work stoppage in which an Employer prevents employees from working ^[55]
• Telephone service is provided primarily by AT&T. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and
• Cable television is provided by Comcast. Comcast Corporation ( is the largest Cable television company the second largest Internet service provider and (according to the company the fourth largest telephone

Healthcare

• Kaiser Permanente, a HMO started at the end of World War II by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, to provide medical care for Kaiser shipworkers, is based in Oakland and has a large medical center in the Piedmont neighborhood. Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J "HMO" redirects here For other uses see HMO (disambiguation. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Henry John Kaiser ( May 9, 1882 — August 24, 1967) was an American Industrialist who became known as the father of modern American The Piedmont Avenue neighborhood is a district in North Oakland California.
• Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Oakland (Summit Campus, referred to as "Pill Hill") is a recent merger with the former Alta Bates Medical Center in Berkeley, California; it is part of the Sutter Health network. Alta Bates Summit Medical Center is a Hospital located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. Sutter Health is a Hospital network in Northern California based in Sacramento California.
• Alameda County Medical Center is operated by the county and provides medical services to the medically indigent who do not have health insurance. Alameda County is a county in the US state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Medically indigent adults "(MIAs" in the Health care system of the United States are persons who do not have Health insurance and who are not The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of Insurance that pays for medical expenses Highland Hospital in Oakland also is the trauma center for the northern area of the East Bay. Highland Hospital is a Hospital located in Oakland California. A trauma center is a Hospital equipped to provide comprehensive Emergency medical services to patients suffering traumatic injuries The East Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States and comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
• Children's Hospital Oakland is the primary medical center specializing in pediatrics in the East Bay. Children's Hospital Oakland, full name Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, is a Children's hospital in Oakland, California. Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of Medicine that deals with the medical care of Infants Children and Adolescents

Despite large tax breaks East Bay nonprofit hospitals receive for community service, public hospitals such as Highland devote a much larger portion of their operating expenses to charity care. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage In the United States, charity care (also known as uncompensated care is Health care provided for free or at reduced prices to low income patients ^[56]

Mergers and closings

Summit Medical Center was a previous merger with Samuel Merritt Medical Center and Providence Medical Center in the 1990s. Peralta Hospital earlier had merged with Samuel Merritt Hospital. Oakland Hospital in the Fruitvale district closed in the 1990s. Naval Hospital Oakland (Oak Knoll Naval Hospital) closed during the military Base Realignment and Closure of 1993. Naval Hospital Oakland also known as Oak Knoll Naval Hospital was a U Base Realignment and Closure (or BRAC) is a process of the United States federal government directed at the administration and operation of the Armed

Sister cities

Oakland, California has eight sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International^[57]:

- Dalian (China) - Fukuoka (Japan) - Nakhodka (Russia) - Ocho Ríos (Jamaica)

- Sekondi Takoradi (Ghana) - Santiago de Cuba (Cuba) - Agadir (Morocco) - Danang (Vietnam)

See also

• East Bay
• Books about Oakland, California
• Ebonics Issue in Oakland
• Hyphy
• List of people from Oakland, California

References

External links

• City of Oakland official web page
• Archaeology of Oakland
• Oakland travel guide from Wikitravel
• Interactive District Map: Oakland Convention and Visitors Bureau
• Galleries Map of Oakland
• Oaklandhistory.com images
• Oakland Heritage Alliance - non-profit membership organization advocating the protection, preservation, and revitalization of Oakland's architectural, historic, cultural and natural resources. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
• Oaklandish - ongoing public arts and media campaign designed to illuminate the unique cultural legacy of Oakland,
• Oakland History on the Web from Oakland Public Library
• Oakland Collection Online of the Oakland Museum of California. Oakland Museum of California or Oakland Museum is a Museum dedicated to the Art, History, and Natural science of California Over 7,000 Oakland objects including historical photographs, paintings, documents, objects, all about Oakland.
• Oakland Neighborhoods Map at the Oakland Museum website.
• Oakland Photos The Claremont Hotel, Downtown Oakland, Jack London Square, Preservation Park, Port of Oakland
• Oakland Gallery Photos of Oakland 2001-2003
• Oakland schools Test scores, parent reviews and ratings for Oakland schools.

• Oakland, California is at coordinates 37°48′14″N 122°16′12″W / 37.803833, -122.269861 (Oakland, California)Coordinates: 37°48′14″N 122°16′12″W / 37.803833, -122.269861 (Oakland, California)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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