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The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating census and other statistical data. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population

Contents

Authorities, wards, and census areas

The code is constructed top down from a 4 character code representing a unitary authority or administrative county & district, eg:

00EC Middlesbrough (unitary)
or
12 Cambridgeshire county
12UB Cambridge district

Local Government wards have a two-letter code within their local authority, and Census Output Areas an additional 4 digits within a ward. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Census Output Areas (OAs) are the smallest unit for which census data is published - they contain at least 40 households (preferably 100), and are built up from postcode blocks after the census data is available, with a view to being socially as homogeneous as possible. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A new set of Output Areas will be created for each decennial census. The Census in the United Kingdom is Decennial, that is held every 10 years though there is provision in the 1920 Census Act for it to be held every five Census 2001 was the first to use this system - previously census data was published for larger Enumeration Districts which were delineated before the census was conducted. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 Enumeration Districts are still used for the collection of data but not for publication.

12UB Cambridge district
12UBGA Petersfield Ward
12UBGA0001 Output Area: Gwydir Street (north of junction with Hooper St)

The authority and ward codes are recognised by Eurostat as Local administrative unit code levels 1 & 2 within the NUTS system. The Statistical Office of the European Communities ( Eurostat) is the Statistical arm of the European Commission, producing data for the European Union The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode

Civil parishes

An overlapping system encodes Civil Parish areas. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. Parishes are represented by an additional 3 digits within their local authority:

12UD Fenland district
12UD010 Tydd St. Giles parish

Super Output Areas

Super Output Areas (SOAs) are a set of geographies developed after the 2001 census. The aim was to produce a set of areas of consistent size, whose boundaries would not change (unlike electoral wards). They are an aggregation of adjacent Output Areas with similar social characteristics. Lower Layer SOAs typically contain 4 to 6 OAs with a population of around 1500. Middle Layer SOAs on average have a population of 7,200. Upper Layer SOAs are still being calculated; they are expected to cover a population at least 25,000 each. [1][2]

ONS codes for counties & districts

Also showing NUTS(3) codes thus: (UKH12)

Single-tier districts

Two-tier counties & districts

Northern Ireland districts

Non-hierarchical codes for summary data in metropolitan areas

References

  1. ^ Beginners' Guide to UK Geography - Super Output Areas
  2. ^ Super Output Areas: Frequently Asked Questions

External links

The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ( is a London borough in East London and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Bexley ( is a London borough in south east Greater London which forms with other boroughs part of Outer London. The London Borough of Brent ( is a London borough in north west London, UK and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Bromley ( is a London borough of south east London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Camden ( is a borough of London, England, which forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Croydon ( is a London borough in South London, England and is part of Outer London. The London Borough of Ealing ( is an Outer London borough in West London. The London Borough of Greenwich ( (Greenwich ˈgrɛnɪtʃ is an Inner London borough in south-east London, England. The London Borough of Hackney ( is a London borough in North-East London and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham ( is a London borough in West London and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by The London Borough of Harrow ( is a London borough of outer north-west London. The London Borough of Hillingdon ( is the westernmost Borough in Greater London, England. The London Borough of Hounslow ( is a London borough in West London, England. The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea ( (often abbreviated to RBKC) is a London borough in the west side of Central London. The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames ( is a borough in south-west London, England. The London Borough of Lambeth ( is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Lewisham ( is a London borough in south-east London, England and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Merton ( is a London borough in south west London. The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. The London Borough of Redbridge ( is a London borough in north east London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames ( is a London borough in south west London, England, which forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. The London Borough of Sutton ( is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Tower Hamlets ( is a London borough to the east of the City of London, England and north of the River Thames in East The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in East London England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Wandsworth (ˈlʌndən bʌɹə ɒv ˈwɒndz The City of Westminster ( is a borough of London with city status. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Merseyside is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1365900 The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is a Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary The Metropolitan Borough of St Helens is a Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England. Wirral or The Wirral (ˈwɪrəl is a Metropolitan borough in Merseyside, North West England, which occupies the northern Divisions and environs South Yorkshire is divided into four local government districts they are the City of Sheffield, the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster Barnsley is a Metropolitan borough of the Metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, England. The Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster is a Metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire in Yorkshire and the Humber Region of England. Rotherham is a Metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England North Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear in the North East of England. South Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. History The metropolitan borough was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of several districts of County Durham - Washington The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. Localities Localities within the borough include Amblecote Brierley Hill Bromley Coseley History of the Borough The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the County boroughs of Warley (associated with Worcestershire The Metropolitan Borough of Solihull is a Metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Localities Aldridge, Alumwell Barr Beacon, Bentley, Birchills, Blakenall Heath, Bloxwich West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a Metropolitan borough and a city The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a Metropolitan borough of the Metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England, through which the Kirklees is a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. This article discusses the metropolitan district of the City of Leeds. The City of Wakefield is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear Hartlepool ('hɑːtlɪpuːl is a North Sea port in North East England Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a Unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in North East England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority area and Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a Unitary authority. Warrington is a large town borough and Unitary authority area in Cheshire, England. Blackburn with Darwen is a Unitary authority area in Lancashire, North West England. Blackpool (/ˈblækˌpul is a seaside town in Lancashire, England. Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine government office Regions of England. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred North East Lincolnshire is a Unitary authority in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, bordering the unitary authority of North Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire is a Unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The East Midlands is one of the Regions of England and consists of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the Towns villages and other settlements Settlements in Telford and Wrekin - Coalbrookdale Crudgington Edgmond Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city in Staffordshire, England which forms a linear Conurbation almost 12 miles (19 South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to Bath and North East Somerset (commonly referred to as BANES or B&NES) is a Unitary authority that was created on 1 April 1996 Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London North Somerset is a Unitary authority in England. Its area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered Geography The River Severn forms the north-western edge of the area with a wide coastal plain terminated by the Severn Escarpment. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Geography There are three main towns around the bay Torquay in the north Paignton in the centre and Brixham in the south which have become connected Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. Poole ( is a large coastal town and seaport in Dorset on the south coast of England Economy This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Swindon at current basic prices published (pp The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene Luton ( is a large town in the east of England, 32 miles (51 kilometres north of London. The borough It lies on the River Thames just to the east of London. South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. History The Medway area has a long and varied history dominated History Bracknell Forest was formed on April 1 1974, as the non-metropolitan district of Bracknell. History The district of Newbury was formed on April 1, 1974, as a merger of the borough of Newbury Bradfield Rural District, Hungerford Rural Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Towns and villages The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead contains the following towns and villages Ascot Bray Milton Keynes ( ˌmɪltənˈkiːnz often abbreviated to MK, is a large town Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the History There are numerous Megalithic monuments and Menhirs present on Anglesey testifying to the presence of mankind in prehistory History Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England Geography It contains the major settlements of Llandudno, Llandudno Junction, Llanrwst, Betws-y-Coed, Conwy, Colwyn Bay Formation The present principal area was formed on April 1, 1996, under the Local Government (Wales Act 1994, from various parts of the county History The current administrative area of Flintshire (a Unitary authority) came into existence in 1996 when the former Administrative county of Clwyd Government The region is governed as a unitary authority by Wrexham County Borough Council. This article is about the county of Wales For the ancient kingdom see Kingdom of Powys. Geography List of places in CeredigionCeredigion is a coastal county bordered by Cardigan Bay to the west Gwynedd to the north Powys to the east Geography Pembrokeshire is a maritime County, bordered by the sea on three sides by Ceredigion (Cardiganshire to the northeast and by Geography The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, to the south by the Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. Geography The majority of the population of Neath Port Talbot resides in the developed areas along corridors surrounding the M4 Motorway / South Wales Main Line Government The region is governed by Bridgend County Borough Council. Geography It has been a County borough (unitary authority since 1996, previously being part of South Glamorgan county History The county borough was formed on 1 April 1996, by the merger of the former Mid Glamorgan districts of Cynon Valley, Merthyr Tydfil today Government The current Borough boundaries date back to 1974 when the former county borough of Merthyr Tydfil expanded slightly to cover History The county borough was formed on April 1, 1996 by the merger of the Rhymney Valley district of Mid Glamorgan with the Islwyn Government The borough was formed in 1974 as a local government district of Gwent. Education Secondary schools in the area are St Albans RC High School, Pontypool West Monmouth School, Pontypool Croesyceiliog School Ancient county See also Monmouthshire (historic The ancient county of Monmouthshire was formed from the Welsh Marches by the Laws in Wales Newport (Casnewydd is a city and principal area in Wales, in the United Kingdom. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Aberdeen ( pronounced; Aiberdeen Obar Dheathain is Scotland 's third most populous city and one of Scotland's 32 local government council Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain is one of the 32 unitary Council areas in Scotland. Angus ( Aonghas in Gaelic) is one of the 32 local government Council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. This article is about the council area For the constituencies see either Argyll and Bute (UK Parliament constituency or Argyll and Bute (Scottish Parliament constituency The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. Clackmannanshire ( Siorrachd Chlach Mhannainn in Gaelic; nicknamed "the wee county" and sometimes called Clacks is one of the 32 local government West Dunbartonshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatainn an Iar, ʃir̴əxg̊ ɣunˈb̊ɾʲɛhd̪̊ɪɲ ə ɲiəɾ is one of the 32 local government Dumfries and Galloway ( Gaelic: Dùn Phris agus an Gall-Ghaidhealaibh, d̪̊unˈfɾʲiʃ aɡ̊əs̪ əŋ ɡ̊auɫ̪ɣəɫ̪əv is one of 32 council areas Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council East Ayrshire ( Siorrachd Inbhir Àir an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. East Dunbartonshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatainn an Ear, ʃir̴əxg̊ ɣunˈb̊ɾʲɛhd̪̊ɪɲ ə ɲɛɾ is one of the 32 Council areas East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. East Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Falkirk ( an Eaglais Bhreac in Gaelic) is one of the 32 Unitary authority Council areas in Scotland. Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Inverclyde ( Gaelic: Inbhir Chluaidh, iɲɪɾʲˈxɫ̪uəj is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. Midlothian ( Meadhan Lodainn in Gaelic) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. North Ayrshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir a Tuath, ʃir̴əxg̊ iɲiɾʲˈaːɾʲ ə t̪uə is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. North Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath in Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas in Scotland. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Perth and Kinross ( Peairt agus Ceann Rois in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of South Ayrshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir a Deas, ʃir̴əxg̊ iɲɪɾʲˈaːɾʲ ə d̊ʲes̪ is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland South Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of the Stirling ( Sruighlea in Gaelic) is one of the 32 unitary local government Council areas of Scotland, and has a population of about West Lothian ( Lodainn an Iar in Gaelic) is one of the 32 unitary Council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. The former County of Avon was a non-metropolitan county and ceremonial county in the west of England, named after the River Avon, which Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Kingswood was from 1974 to 1996 a Non-metropolitan district of the County of Avon, England. Northavon was a district in the English County of Avon from April 1, 1974 to April 1, 1996. Wansdyke was a Non-metropolitan district within the County of Avon, in the west of England North Somerset is a Unitary authority in England. Its area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered Bedfordshire (abbreviated Beds) is a County in England that forms part of the East of England region. Luton ( is a large town in the east of England, 32 miles (51 kilometres north of London. Mid Bedfordshire is a local government district in Bedfordshire, England. Bedford is a local government district with the status of a Borough in the East of England. South Bedfordshire is a local government district in Bedfordshire, England. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South History Bracknell Forest was formed on April 1 1974, as the non-metropolitan district of Bracknell. History The district of Newbury was formed on April 1, 1974, as a merger of the borough of Newbury Bradfield Rural District, Hungerford Rural Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ as Redding) is a town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, midway between Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Towns and villages The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead contains the following towns and villages Ascot Bray Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. Quality of Rural Life In May 2008 the district was named by the Halifax bank as having the best rural quality of life anywhere in Britain The Borough of Milton Keynes is a Unitary authority and Borough in south central England, at the northern tip of the South East England Constituent parts The Wycombe District Council area comprises Towns High Wycombe Princes Risborough Marlow History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Archaeology The recent Fenland survey of archaeological finds mentions an enumeration of findings made between 1884 and 1994 in the region to the north Economy The Fenland economy has for years been built upon farming and food related industry History The earliest English settlers in the district were the Gyrwas, an East Anglian tribe who early in the 6th century worked their way up the Ouse and the Cam History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene List of settlements Abington Piggotts - Arrington - Babraham - Balsham - Bar Hill - Barrington - Bartlow Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. For the smaller central city area and principal settlement of this district see Chester. Congleton is a local government district and Borough in Cheshire, in North West England. Crewe and Nantwich is one of six local government districts in the non-metropolitan county of Cheshire, England. Ellesmere Port and Neston is a local government district, Borough and parliamentary constituency in Cheshire, England Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a Unitary authority. For the principal settlement of this borough see Macclesfield. Vale Royal is a local government district and Borough in Cheshire, England. Warrington is a large town borough and Unitary authority area in Cheshire, England. Cleveland is an area in the north east of England. Its name means literally "cliff-land" referring to its hilly southern areas which rise to nearly. Hartlepool is a local government district and Borough in the Ceremonial county of County Durham, North East England The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a Unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar Middlesbrough is a Unitary authority and borough in North Yorkshire, England. Stockton-on-Tees is a Unitary authority area and borough in the Tees Valley area of North East England, with a population in 2001 of 178408 Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Caradon is a local government district in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Carrick is a local government district in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Housing On 9th January 2008 the ‘Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West’ (RSS announced plans to massively increase house-building in Cornwall stating that almost 70000 Housing On 9th January 2008 the ‘Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West’ (RSS announced plans to massively increase house-building in Cornwall stating that almost 70000 Geography The Penwith peninsula sits predominantly on Granite bedrock that has led to the formation of a rugged coastline with many fine beaches Twinning Restormel is twinned by oath which can be viewed in the council offices in St Austell, with Kreis Dithmarschen. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Allerdale is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. Barrow-in-Furness is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. The City of Carlisle is a local government district with city status in Cumbria, England. for the constituency of the same name see Copeland (UK Parliament constituency Copeland is a local government district and Eden is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Penrith. South Lakeland is a local government district in Cumbria, England. History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle Amber Valley is a local government district and Borough in Derbyshire, England. Bolsover is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. Chesterfield is a historic Market town and local government district in Derbyshire, a County in England. Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England. Derbyshire Dales is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. Erewash (ˈɛrəˌwɒʃ is a local government district and Borough in Derbyshire, England, to the east of Derby. High Peak is a Non-metropolitan district and Borough of the Non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire, England. See also the North East Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency. South Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Exeter ( (IPA ˈeksɪtər is a city, district and County town of Devon, England. Geography Mid Devon shares borders with several other Devon districts as well as the county of Somerset This article is about the region of England For the breed of cattle see North Devon cattle. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. History In the Anglo-Saxon era the South Hams was a feudal estate consisting of all of the land between the River Plym and River Dart and south of Settlements Teignbridge contains the following towns and villages Abbotskerswell Ashburton Ashcombe Geography There are three main towns around the bay Torquay in the north Paignton in the centre and Brixham in the south which have become connected See also Annery kiln Bideford Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. Geography and administration Although within the historic county boundaries of Hampshire, at the time of the 1974 local government re-organisation it was considered Settlements Settlements with a population over 2500 are in bold. Settlements Towns with a population over 2500 are in bold. Anderson, Ashmore Belchalwell Poole ( is a large coastal town and seaport in Dorset on the south coast of England Settlements Settlements with a Population over 2500 are in bold. Demographics In the Census 2001 West Dorset registered a Population of 92350 estimated to be 94000 As of 2004. Chester-le-Street is a local government district in County Durham, England. Darlington is a local government district and Borough in North East England. Derwentside is a local government district in County Durham, England, named after the River Derwent. Durham is a local government district in County Durham, England. Easington is a local government district and in eastern County Durham, England. Sedgefield is a local government district and Borough in County Durham, in north-east England. Teesdale is a local government district in County Durham, England. Wear Valley is a local government district in County Durham, England. East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the Brighton ( is a town on the south coast of England and with its neighbour Hove, forms the city of Brighton and Hove. Eastbourne ( is a large town and borough of East Sussex, on the south coast of England with an estimated population of 94816 as of 2007 Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name Hove is a town on the south coast of England, immediately to the west of its larger neighbour Brighton, with whom it forms the Unitary authority Brighton See also River Rother for rivers named Rother ---- History Rother District was formed on 1 April 1974, under the History Wealden District was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the Hailsham and Uckfield Rural District Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Basildon district council The District Council is Conservative dominated History It is named after the town of Brentwood which is the main development in the area History The district was formed on April 1, 1974 by the merger of the Benfleet Urban District and the Canvey Island Urban District. History The current district was formed on April 1, 1974 from the borough of Chelmsford and most of the Chelmsford Rural District. Settlement The north east of the district is rural and sparsely populated for an area so close to London; it includes the town of Chipping Ongar and surrounding Harlow is a New town and local government district in Essex, England. Politics A subdivision of the county of Essex, the Non-metropolitan district is served by Maldon District Council Energy policy In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in the district of Rochford produced the 9th highest average carbon emissions Etymology There are these theories about the origin of its name- From Anglo-Saxon tynder = " Tinder " "place where tinder The borough It lies on the River Thames just to the east of London. Energy policy In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in Uttlesford produced the highest average carbon emissions in the country History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century Education Parishes and settlements Alvington, Awre, Aylburton Blaisdon, Bromsberrow Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain See also Basingstoke and Deane local elections Settlements and Parishes Settlements in East Hampshire include Alton Beech, Bentley, Bentworth The Borough of Eastleigh is a local government district and Borough in Hampshire, England, bordering the Unitary authority of Fareham Borough Council The Borough Council is Conservative controlled History The Rowner area of the peninsula was known to have been settled in Saxon times mentioned in the Anglo Saxon Chronicles as Rughenor (Rough bank or slope Population In mid-2003 Hart had an estimated 85700 residents This compares with the 2001 Census figure of 83505 residents Havant Borough Council The Borough Council is Conservative controlled History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England Towns and villages Abbotswood Abbotts Ann Ampfield Amport Andover Settlements and parishes Settlements in the district include Avington Badger Farm, Beauworth, Bighton Hereford and Worcester was an English county created on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 from the area of the former administrative Population The following table illustrates the change in the district's population between 1801 and 2001 Hereford ( ˈhɛrɨfəd is a city, Civil parish and County town of Herefordshire, England. Leominster was a local government district in England from 1 April 1974 to 1 April 1998. Energy policy In May 2006 a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in Malvern Hills produced the 6th highest average carbon emissions in the country at Redditch is a Town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England. South Herefordshire was an English local government district, based at Ross-on-Wye, from 1974 to 1988 Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. Wyre Forest is a large semi-natural Woodland and Forest which straddles the borders of Worcestershire and Shropshire, England Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of Business There are 600 companies in the borough with warehousing and distribution sectors being particularly well represented Dacorum is a local government district and Borough in Hertfordshire, England. Footnotes History The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the former area of Bushey Urban District Towns Baldock Hitchin Letchworth Royston Villages Naming The district's irregular sounding name reflects its diverse nature with two main urban areas and several villages typically districts with the status of cities are known Place-name meaning Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiōen āc / stithen ac (various Old English dialects Politics District council Three Rivers is a Non-metropolitan district that elects one-third of its councillors at any one time three times every four years Watford (ˈwɒtfəd) is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England, situated 19 miles (30 km northwest of London Humberside was a Non-metropolitan county of England from 1 April 1974 until 1 April 1996. The Borough of Boothferry was from April 1, 1974 to April 1, 1996, a local government district with borough status within Cleethorpes was a local government district in Humberside, England from 1974 to 1996 The Borough of East Yorkshire was one of nine local government districts of the county of Humberside, England from April 1, 1974 to Beverley was a local government district and Borough in Humberside, England, from 1974 to 1996 Glanford was a borough of the English non-metropolitan county of Humberside from April 1, 1974 to April 1, 1996 Holderness was a local government district and Borough in northern England, named for the Holderness peninsula Grimsby (or archaically Great Grimsby) is a Seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Scunthorpe is a town within North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire Unitary authority The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the Medina was a Borough on the Isle of Wight in England from 1974 South Wight was a Borough on the Isle of Wight, created in the local government reform of 1974 alongside the Medina borough which covered the rest of the KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format Population In 1801 the population of Ashford and Willesborough was 2600 in 1861 this had more than tripled to 8800 by 1901 12808 and in 1961 the figure was 28000 ' Geography The area is in the main rural although the entire coastal strip is taken up by the almost unbroken sprawl of seaside towns from Seasalter Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (25 km east south-east Communications Crossing Dover district are the Roman roads of Watling Street and that leading from Richborough. Gillingham ( is a town in the Unitary authority of Medway in South East England. The name 'Gravesham' Robert H Hiscock Chairman of the Gravesend Historical Society in the foreword to his book 'A History of Gravesend' (Phillimore 1976 wrote Position The Borough covers an area generally to the east and south of the town of Maidstone: as far north as the M2 motorway; east down the M20 to The City of Rochester-upon-Medway was a local government district in north Kent, England from 1974 to 1998 The Council The Council consists of 54 elected councillors representing wards in the District Governance The district was formed on April 1, 1974 as a merger of the boroughs of Folkestone Hythe Lydd and New Romney along with Elham and Romney Marsh History See also Isle of Thanet The Isle of Thanet is the major part of the Thanet District History Ancient times The area has been occupied for thousands of years Description of borough Location The borough of Tunbridge Wells lies along the south eastern border of Kent partly on the northern edge of the Weald, the remainder Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Blackburn with Darwen is a Unitary authority area in Lancashire, North West England. Blackpool (/ˈblækˌpul is a seaside town in Lancashire, England. Burnley is a local government district with Borough status in Lancashire in North West England, named for its main town Burnley Chorley is a local government district with Borough status in Lancashire, England. Fylde is a local government district with Borough status in Lancashire, England. Hyndburn is a local government district with Borough status in Lancashire, England. The City of Lancaster (2002 population 133914 is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. Pendle is a local government district and Borough of Lancashire, England, on the North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire borders Preston ( ˈprɛstən is a city and local government district in Lancashire, England, located on the River Ribble. Ribble Valley is a local government district with Borough status within the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England (although Rossendale is a local government district with Borough status South Ribble is a Non-metropolitan district and Borough of Lancashire, England. West Lancashire is a local government district of Lancashire, England. WYRE (810 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting an Oldies/Contemporary Hit format Leicestershire (ˈlɛstəʃə(r or ˈlɛstəʃɪə(r abbreviation Leics Blaby is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. This is about the district of Harborough there is also the Harborough constituency. Hinckley and Bosworth is a local government district with Borough status in south-western Leicestershire, England, administered by Hinckley Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Melton is a local government district with Borough status in north-eastern Leicestershire, England. North West Leicestershire is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. Oadby and Wigston is a local government district and Borough in the English county of Leicestershire. Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. Boston is a local government district with Borough status in Lincolnshire, England. East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Lincoln (ˈlɪŋkən is a Cathedral city and County town of Lincolnshire, England. North Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire. South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom. History Breckland District was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Borough of Thetford, East Dereham Urban District, Swaffham History The district was formed on April 1, 1974 by the merger of St History The borough was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the former County borough of Great King's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district and Borough in Norfolk, England. North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, United Kingdom. History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund History The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Diss Urban District, Wymondham Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants Corby is an industrial town and a local government district located 13km north of Kettering in Northamptonshire, England. The Daventry district is a large local government district of western Northamptonshire, England. Main Towns There are six towns in the district Rushden is by far the largest with a population of 25849 Kettering is a local government district and Borough in Northamptonshire, England. This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market South Northamptonshire is a local government district in Northamptonshire, England. Wellingborough is a local government district and Borough in Northamptonshire, England. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Alnwick is a local government district of Northumberland, England. Berwick-upon-Tweed is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland in the north-east of England, on the border with This article describes the Local government district For the Parliamentary constituency of the same name see Blyth Valley (UK Parliament constituency Castle Morpeth is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland, England. Tynedale, is a local government district in south-west Northumberland, England. Wansbeck is a local government district in south-east Northumberland, England. North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in Craven is an area in North Yorkshire, England. The name Craven is Celtic ( Cumbric) in origin and is related to the Welsh word Hambleton is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. Harrogate is a local government district and Borough of North Yorkshire, England. Richmondshire is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. Ryedale is a Non-metropolitan district of the Shire county of North Yorkshire in England. Selby is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire Ashfield is a local government district in western Nottinghamshire, England. Bassetlaw is the northernmost district of Nottinghamshire, England, with a population according to the 2001 UK census of 107713 Broxtowe is a local government district with Borough status in Nottinghamshire, England, west of the city of Nottingham. Gedling is a local government district with Borough status in Nottinghamshire, England. Mansfield is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. Newark and Sherwood is a local government district of eastern Nottinghamshire, England. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Rushcliffe is a local government district with Borough status in Nottinghamshire, England. History See also History of Oxfordshire The county of Oxfordshire was formed in the early years of the 10th century and is broadly situated in the See also Cherwell local elections Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Towns The towns in the district are Didcot, Henley-on-Thames, Thame, Wallingford and Watlington. Geography It is the valley of the Ock, a stream which joins the Thames from the West at Abingdon Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Energy policy In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in the district of Bridgnorth produced the 12th highest average carbon emissions Settlements The district council has classified Wem Market Drayton Whitchurch and Ellesmere as the market towns of North Shropshire while it has given the classification of History The borough was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 when the Municipal borough of Shrewsbury Economics and Demographics Economically the district is largely dependent on tourism, partly due to the decline in the economic significance of Farming Towns villages and other settlements Settlements in Telford and Wrekin - Coalbrookdale Crudgington Edgmond Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Mendip is also a shortened name for The Mendip Hills, from which this district takes its name Sedgemoor is a local government district of Somerset in England. South Somerset is a local government district in Somerset, England. Taunton Deane is a local government district with Borough status in Somerset, England. West Somerset is a local government district in the English county of Somerset. Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market Settlements and parishes of Stafford Adbaston Barlaston, Berkswich, Bradley, Brocton Education The Staffordshire Moorlands ranks highly at GCSE level compared to many other districts in Staffordshire. Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city in Staffordshire, England which forms a linear Conurbation almost 12 miles (19 Tamworth is a Town and local government district in Staffordshire, England, located 14 miles (22 km north-east of Birmingham Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. Towns and parishes in Babergh District Acton Aldham Alpheton Arwarton Towns Mildenhall Newmarket Brandon Significant Villages Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Energy policy In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in Mid Suffolk produced the 15th highest average carbon emissions in the See also St Edmundsbury local elections Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. History The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Esher and Walton and Weybridge urban districts History Both Epsom and Ewell lie on the spring line on the north face of the North Downs where the pervious Chalk meets the impervious Civil parishes These are Abinger Betchworth Brockham Buckland Capel Locations within the Borough Banstead, Burgh Heath Chipstead Earlswood Hooley Twinning Runnymede is twinned with Bergisch Gladbach situated 10 miles east of Cologne Herndon Virginia, about 20 miles west of Washington D History Spelthorne appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Spelet(horne. Parish councils Parish councils in Surrey Heath are in Bisley with the chairman being Cllr Barry Woodhead Chobham with the chairman being Cllr Ian Civil parishes These are Bletchingley Burstow Caterham on the Hill Caterham Valley Politics The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the Municipal borough of Godalming Geography Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands Metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to North Warwickshire is a local government district and Borough in Warwickshire, England. Nuneaton and Bedworth is a local government district with Borough status in northern Warwickshire, England, consisting of the Towns Rugby is a local government district with Borough status in eastern Warwickshire, England. Stratford-on-Avon is a local government district of southern Warwickshire in England. Warwick is a local government district of central Warwickshire in England. Settlements Most settlements in West Sussex are either along the south coast or are situated in the M23 corridor Adur may refer to Adur (district, England Adur Azerbaijan River Adur, England Election Results Elections are held in the Arun district every fourth year with the most recent being held on Thursday 3rd May 2007 History The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Municipal borough of Chichester Crawley ( is a town and Local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England Horsham is a Market town situated on the River Arun in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England with a population of roughly 50000 Civil parishes Within the District are the following civil parishes Albourne Ardingly Ashurst Wood Worthing (ˈwɜrðɪŋ is a large seaside town and a local government borough in West Sussex, England Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye See also Kennett Square Pennsylvania, which is completely unrelated to this District Political control Control of the authority shifted in the elections of May 2007 from Conservative to no overall control the current administration being formed by a coalition Economy This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Swindon at current basic prices published (pp The District Council West Wiltshire District Council has forty-four members all elected together for a four-year term of office Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. Population The following table illustrates the change in the district's population between 1801 and 2001 Energy policy In May 2006 a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in Malvern Hills produced the 6th highest average carbon emissions in the country at Redditch is a Town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England. Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. Parishes in Wyre Forest District Kidderminster is unparished Areley Kings Bewdley Broome Limavady (lɪmə'vadi ( is a Market town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, with Benevenagh as a backdrop Coleraine ( is a large Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. Ballymoney ( is a small Town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Larne (&mdashthe domain of a Viking chieftain is a substantial seaport and industrial Town on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland Ballymena ( is a Town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland and the seat of Ballymena Borough Council. Magherafelt ( is a Town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Cookstown (An Chorr Chríochach is a town in County Tyrone in Northern Ireland. Strabane (strəˈbæn Irish, An Srath Bán, Fair River Valley or White Strand is a Town in the west of County Tyrone and the north-west of Omagh (pronounced /'omæ/) is the County town of County Tyrone in Northern Ireland, situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen Fermanagh District Council is a local council in Northern Ireland. Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council ( Irish: Comhairle Baile Dhún Geanainn agus Thír Eoghain Theas, Ulster Scots: Rathgannon Sooth Owenslann Craigavon is a town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, consisting mainly of residential development The City of Armagh ( is an ancient religious site of worship of both celtic paganism and Christianity and the oldest of the five cities in Northern Ireland, Newry and Mourne District Council is a local council in Northern Ireland. Banbridge ( is a rapidly growing Town in County Down, Northern Ireland. Down District Council is a Local Council in County Down in Northern Ireland. Lisburn (Lios na gCearrbhach meaning fort of the gamblers) is a predominantly Unionist city in Northern Ireland, south-west of and adjoining Belfast Antrim Borough Council is a Local Council in County Antrim in Northern Ireland. Newtownabbey Borough Council is a Local Council in County Antrim in Northern Ireland. Carrickfergus ( is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. North Down Borough Council is a Local Council in County Down in Northern Ireland with an overall population of around 80000 Ards Borough Council is a Local Council in County Down, Northern Ireland with its headquarters in Newtownards. Castlereagh Borough Council is a local council in Northern Ireland. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 Merseyside is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1365900 Divisions and environs South Yorkshire is divided into four local government districts they are the City of Sheffield, the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of
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