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For other uses, see Nylon (disambiguation).
Nylon Nylon
Density 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 15 g/cm³
Electrical conductivity (σ) 10-12 S/m
Thermal conductivity 0. G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an Electric current. The siemens (symbol S is the SI derived unit of Electric conductance. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. 25 W/(m·K)
Melting point 463 K-624 K
190°C-350°C
374°F-663°F

Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides and first produced on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 A polyamide is a Polymer containing Monomers of Amides joined by Peptide bonds They can occur both naturally examples being Proteins Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wallace Hume Carothers ( April 27, 1896 &ndash April 29, 1937) was an American chemist inventor and the leader of Organic chemistry E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée Nylon is one of the most common polymers and is technically a synthetic linen.

Contents

Overview

Nylon is a thermoplastic silky material, first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush (1938), followed more famously by women's “nylons” stockings (1940). A thermoplastic is a Plastic that Melts to a liquid when heated and freezes to a Brittle, very Glassy state when cooled sufficiently A bristle is a stiff Hair or Feather. Also used are synthetic materials such as nylon or straw in items such as brooms and sweepers The toothbrush is an instrument consisting of a small Brush on a handle used to clean Teeth through Tooth brushing. A stocking, sometimes referred to as hose is a close-fitting variously elastic garment covering the Foot and lower part of the Leg. It is made of repeating units linked by peptide bonds (another name for amide bonds) and is frequently referred to as polyamide (PA). A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds A peptide bond is a Chemical bond formed between two Molecules when the Carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the In Chemistry, an amide is one of three kinds of Compounds (sometimes called acid amide the organic Functional group characterized A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between Atoms and Molecules and which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic A polyamide is a Polymer containing Monomers of Amides joined by Peptide bonds They can occur both naturally examples being Proteins Nylon was the first commercially successful polymer and the first synthetic fiber to be made entirely from coal, water and air. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer In Chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of Chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. These are formed into monomers of intermediate molecular weight, which are then reacted to form long polymer chains. A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part" is a small Molecule that may become chemically bonded to other The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds

Nylon was intended to be a synthetic replacement for silk and substituted for it in many different products after silk became scarce during World War II. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons It replaced silk in military applications such as parachutes, flak vests, and was used in many types of vehicle tires. A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag.

Nylon fibers are used in a great many applications, including fabrics, bridal veils, carpets, musical strings and rope. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. A rope is a length of Fibers twisted or Braided together to improve strength for pulling and Connecting.

Solid nylon is used for mechanical parts such as gears and other low- to medium-stress components previously cast in metal. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Engineering grade nylon is processed by extrusion, casting, and injection molding. Injection molding (British moulding Solid nylon is used in hair combs. Type 6/6 Nylon 101 is the most common commercial grade of nylon, and Nylon 6 is the most common commercial grade of cast nylon. Nylon is available in glass-filled and molybdenum sulfide-filled variants which increase structural and impact strength and rigidity or lubricity.

Aramids are another type of polyamide with quite different chain structures which include aromatic groups in the main chain. Aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and strong Synthetic fibers They are used in aerospace and military applications for ballistic rated body armor Such polymers make excellent ballistic fibres.

Chemistry

Nylons are condensation copolymers formed by reacting equal parts of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, so that peptide bonds form at both ends of each monomer in a process analogous to polypeptide biopolymers. Condensation polymers are any class of Polymers formed through a Condensation reaction, releasing a small molecule by-product such as water or methanol as opposed Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. Dicarboxylic acids are Organic compounds that are substituted with two Carboxylic acid Functional groups In molecular formulae for dicarboxylic acids these A peptide bond is a Chemical bond formed between two Molecules when the Carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino Biopolymers are a class of Polymers produced by living organisms The numerical suffix specifies the numbers of carbons donated by the monomers; the diamine first and the diacid second. Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 The most common variant is nylon 6-6 which refers to the fact that the diamine (hexamethylene diamine) and the diacid (adipic acid) each donate 6 carbons to the polymer chain. Nylon 6-6, also referred to as nylon 66, is a type of nylon Nylon comes in many types the two most common for textile and plastics industries are Nylon 6 and Hexamethylenediamine or 16-hexanediamine is a Diamine with a hexamethylene Hydrocarbon chain and Amine Functional groups Adipic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: hexanedioic acid) is a di Carboxylic acid. As with other regular copolymers like polyesters and polyurethanes, the "repeating unit" consists of one of each monomer, so that they alternate in the chain. A heteropolymer or copolymer is a Polymer derived from two (or more Monomeric species as opposed to a Homopolymer where only one monomer is Polyester is a category of Polymers which contain the Ester Functional group in their main chain A polyurethane, commonly abbreviated PU, is any Polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane links Since each monomer in this copolymer has the same reactive group on both ends, the direction of the amide bond reverses between each monomer, unlike natural polyamide proteins which have overall directionality: C terminal → N terminal. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called A peptide bond is a Chemical bond formed between two Molecules when the Carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Carboxyl group or CO2H is a Functional group present in Amino acids and Carboxylic acids Its structure is composed of one carbon atom attached Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. In the laboratory, nylon 6,6 can also be made using adipoyl chloride instead of adipic It is difficult to get the proportions exactly correct, and deviations can lead to chain termination at molecular weights less than a desirable 10,000 daltons (u). Adipoyl chloride (or adipoyl dichloride) is a di- Acyl chloride, with formula C6H8Cl2O2 The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express To overcome this problem, a crystalline, solid "nylon salt" can be formed at room temperature, using an exact 1:1 ratio of the acid and the base to neutralize each other. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed A ratio is an expression which compares quantities relative to each other In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Heated to 285 °C, the salt reacts to form nylon polymer. Above 20,000 daltons, it is impossible to spin the chains into yarn, so to combat this, some acetic acid is added to react with a free amine end group during polymer elongation to limit the molecular weight. This article is about the fiber product For the type of joke see Shaggy dog story. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste In practice, and especially for 6,6, the monomers are often combined in a water solution. The water used to make the solution is evaporated under controlled conditions, and the increasing concentration of "salt" is polymerized to the final molecular weight.

DuPont patented[1] nylon 6,6, so in order to compete, other companies (particularly the German BASF) developed the homopolymer nylon 6, or polycaprolactam — not a condensation polymer, but formed by a ring-opening polymerization (alternatively made by polymerizing aminocaproic acid). BASF SE () is a German chemical company and the largest chemical company in the world A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds Nylon 6 or polycaprolactam is a Polymer developed by Paul Schlack at IG Farben to reproduce the properties of nylon 66 Caprolactam is an Organic compound which is a Lactam of 6-aminohexanoic acid (ε-aminohexanoic acid Aminocaproic acid) In Polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization is a form of Addition polymerization, in which the terminal end of a polymer acts as a Reactive center Aminocaproic acid (also known as Amicar є-amino caproic acid or 6-aminohexanoic acid is a derivative and analogue of the Amino acid Lysine, which makes it an effective The peptide bond within the caprolactam is broken with the exposed active groups on each side being incorporated into two new bonds as the monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called In this case, all amide bonds lie in the same direction, but the properties of nylon 6 are sometimes indistinguishable from those of nylon 6,6 — except for melt temperature (N6 is lower) and some fiber properties in products like carpets and textiles. There is also nylon 9.

Nylon 5,10, made from pentamethylene diamine and sebacic acid, was studied by Carothers even before nylon 6,6 and has superior properties, but is more expensive to make. Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by Protein Hydrolysis during Putrefaction of animal tissue Sebacic acid is a Dicarboxylic acid with structure ( HOOC)(CH28(COOH and is naturally occurring In keeping with this naming convention, "nylon 6,12" (N-6,12) or "PA-6,12" is a copolymer of a 6C diamine and a 12C diacid. Similarly for N-5,10 N-6,11; N-10,12, etc. Other nylons include copolymerized dicarboxylic acid/diamine products that are not based upon the monomers listed above. For example, some aromatic nylons are polymerized with the addition of diacids like terephthalic acid (→ Kevlar) or isophthalic acid (→ Nomex), more commonly associated with polyesters. Terephthalic acid is one Isomer of the three Phthalic acids. It finds important use as a Commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound Kevlar is the registered Trademark for a light strong para-aramid Synthetic fiber, related to other Aramids such as Nomex and Isophthalic acid, or benzene-13-dicarboxylic acid, is an aromatic Dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(COOH2 Nomex (styled NOMEX) is a registered Trademark for flame resistant meta- Aramid material developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed There are copolymers of N-6,6/N6; copolymers of N-6,6/N-6/N-12; and others. Because of the way polyamides are formed, nylon would seem to be limited to unbranched, straight chains. But "star" branched nylon can be produced by the condensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyamines having three or more amino groups. The polyamines are organic compounds having two or more primary Amino groups - such as Putrescine, Cadaverine, Spermidine, and Spermine Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair.

The general reaction is:

A molecule of water is given off and the nylon is formed. Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as Its properties are determined by the R and R' groups in the monomers. In nylon 6,6, R' = 6C and R = 4C alkanes, but one also has to include the two carboxyl carbons in the diacid to get the number it donates to the chain. Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 In Kevlar, both R and R' are benzene rings. Kevlar is the registered Trademark for a light strong para-aramid Synthetic fiber, related to other Aramids such as Nomex and Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6

Nylon fiber

The Federal Trade Commission's definition for Nylon Fiber: A manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which less than 85% of the amide-linkages are attached directly (-CO-NH-) to two aliphatic groups. The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act

Basic Concepts of nylon production

This process creates nylon 6,6, made of hexamethylene diamine with six carbon atoms and acidipic acid, as well as six carbon atoms. Nylon 6-6, also referred to as nylon 66, is a type of nylon Nylon comes in many types the two most common for textile and plastics industries are Nylon 6 and

Nylon 6,6

Nylon 6

Full Nylon Production Model

Producers The producers of nylon include: Honeywell Nylon Inc. , Invista, Wellman Inc. among many others. The Dupont Company, is the most famous pioneer of the nylon we know today. The companies above now produce the nylon used in our everyday lives.

Characteristics

Bulk properties

Above their melting temperatures, Tm, thermoplastics like nylon are amorphous solids or viscous fluids in which the chains approximate random coils. The glass transition temperature, T g is the temperature at which an Amorphous solid, such as Glass or a Polymer, becomes brittle A thermoplastic is a Plastic that Melts to a liquid when heated and freezes to a Brittle, very Glassy state when cooled sufficiently An amorphous solid is a Solid in which there is no Long-range order of the positions of the Atoms (Solids in which there is long-range atomic order are FLUID ( F ast L ight '''U'''ser '''I'''nterface D esigner is a graphical editor that is used to produce FLTK Source code A random coil is a Polymer Conformation where the Monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent Below Tm, amorphous regions alternate with regions which are lamellar crystals. A lamella is a Gill -shaped structure fine sheets of material held adjacent one another with fluid in-between-(or simply 'welded'-plates In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating [1] The amorphous regions contribute elasticity and the crystalline regions contribute strength and rigidity. The planar amide (-CO-NH-) groups are very polar, so nylon forms multiple hydrogen bonds among adjacent strands. "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here A hydrogen bond results from a Dipole-dipole force between an Electronegative atom and a Hydrogen atom bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen Because the nylon backbone is so regular and symmetrical, especially if all the amide bonds are in the trans configuration, nylons often have high crystallinity and make excellent fibers. Trans-2-butenesvg|right|thumb|Trans-2-butene]] In Chemistry, cis-trans isomerism or geometric isomerism or configuration isomerism is a form of The amount of crystallinity depends on the details of formation, as well as on the kind of nylon. Apparently it can never be quenched from a melt as a completely amorphous solid. A quench refers to a rapid Cooling. In Polymer chemistry and Materials science, quenching is used to prevent low-temperature processes such as phase

Nylon 6,6 can have multiple parallel strands aligned with their neighboring peptide bonds at coordinated separations of exactly 6 and 4 carbons for considerable lengths, so the carbonyl oxygens and amide hydrogens can line up to form interchain hydrogen bonds repeatedly, without interruption. In Organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a Functional group composed of a Carbon Atom double-bonded to an Oxygen Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 A hydrogen bond results from a Dipole-dipole force between an Electronegative atom and a Hydrogen atom bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen Nylon 5,10 can have coordinated runs of 5 and 8 carbons. Thus parallel (but not antiparallel) strands can participate in extended, unbroken, multi-chain β-pleated sheets, a strong and tough supermolecular structure similar to that found in natural silk fibroin and the β-keratins in feathers. The β sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is the second form of regular Secondary structure in Proteins consisting of beta strands connected laterally Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in Reptiles Birds Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in Reptiles Birds Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering or Plumage, on Birds They are considered the most complex integumentary structures (Proteins have only an amino acid α-carbon separating sequential -CO-NH- groups. ) Nylon 6 will form uninterrupted H-bonded sheets with mixed directionalities, but the β-sheet wrinkling is somewhat different. A hydrogen bond results from a Dipole-dipole force between an Electronegative atom and a Hydrogen atom bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen The three-dimensional disposition of each alkane hydrocarbon chain depends on rotations about the 109. Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. A rotation is a movement of an object in a circular motion A two- Dimensional object rotates around a center (or point) of rotation 47° tetrahedral bonds of singly-bonded carbon atoms. Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i

When extruded into fibers through pores in an industrial spinneret, the individual polymer chains tend to align because of viscous flow. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A spinneret is a spider's silk -spinning organ. It is usually on the underside of a spider's Abdomen, to the rear Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. Rheology is the study of the flow of matter mainly liquids but also soft solids or solids under conditions in which they flow rather than deform elastically If subjected to cold drawing afterwards, the fibers align further, increasing their crystallinity, and the material acquires additional tensile strength. Cold drawing is a manufacturing process involving extrusion of a material into a long filament often for the purpose of increasing the strength of the material Tensile strength \sigma_{UTS} or S_U is the Stress at which a material breaks or permanently deforms [2] In practice, nylon fibers are most often drawn using heated rolls at high speeds.

Block nylon tends to be less crystalline, except near the surfaces due to shearing stresses during formation. Stress is a measure of the average amount of Force exerted per unit Area. Nylon is clear and colorless, or milky, but is easily dyed. A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied Multistranded nylon cord and rope is slippery and tends to unravel. The ends can be melted and fused with a heat source such as a flame or electrode to prevent this. A flame is often defined as the visible (light-emitting part of a Fire. An electrode is an Electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e

When dry, polyamide is a good electrical insulator. However, polyamide is hygroscopic. Hygroscopy is the ability of a substance to attract Water Molecules from the surrounding environment through either absorption or Adsorption The absorption of water will change some of the material's properties such as its electrical resistance. Materials are physical Substances used as inputs to production or Manufacturing. Electrical resistance is a ratio of the degree to which an object opposes an Electric current through it measured in Ohms Its reciprocal quantity is Nylon is less absorbent than wool or cotton.

Historical uses

Bill Pittendreigh, DuPont, and other individuals and corporations worked diligently during the first few months of World War II to find a way to replace Asian silk with nylon in parachutes. Bill Pittendreigh was a business executive and was highly involved in promoting the Textile industry in the late 20th century E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag. It was also used to make tires, tents, ropes, ponchos, and other military supplies. This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over or attached to a frame of poles or attached to a supporting rope A rope is a length of Fibers twisted or Braided together to improve strength for pulling and Connecting. A poncho is a simple garment designed to keep the body warm or if made from a watertight material to keep dry during Rain. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces It was even used in the production of a high-grade paper for U.S. currency. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is At the outset of the war, cotton accounted for more than 80% of all fibers used and manufactured, and wool fibers accounted for the remaining 20%. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species By August 1945, manufactured fibers had taken a market share of 25% and cotton had dropped.

Some of the terpolymers based upon nylon are used every day in packaging. Nylon has been used for meat wrappings and sausage sheaths. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer A sausage is a prepared Food, usually made from Ground meat, animal fat salt and Spices (sometimes with other ingredients such as herbs typically packed

Use in composites

Nylon can be used as the matrix material in composite materials, such as glass or carbon fiber, and yields a higher density than pure nylon. Composite materials (or composites for short are engineered Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different

Etymology

In 1940 John W. Eckelberry of DuPont stated that the letters "nyl" were arbitrary and the "on" was copied from the suffixes of other fibers such as cotton and rayon. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic Fiber. Rayon is produced from naturally occurring Polymers and therefore it is not a truly A later publication by DuPont (Context, vol.  7, no.  2, 1978) explained that the name was originally intended to be "No-Run" ("run" meaning "unravel"), but was modified to avoid making such an unjustified claim and to make the word sound better. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The story goes that Carothers changed one letter at a time until DuPont's management was satisfied. But he was not involved in the nylon project during the last year of his life, and committed suicide before the name was coined.

Two theories about the origin of the name claim that it is an acronym of "Now you've lost, Old Nippon" (N. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Y. L. O. N. ), or that it stands for "New York-London". The City of New York London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In the latter case, it is claimed that these were the two cities where the product was researched and developed, or that the inspiration came from a New York to London airplane ticket. There is no evidence for the 'airline ticket' theory, though some compelling evidence of the former from contemporary researchers at Oxford University who assisted in development. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the . . Oxford can be viewed as London from New York, but Nylox would have been more accurate.

Uses

See also

References

  1. ^ History of Nylon US Patent 2,130,523 'Linear polyamides suitable for spinning into strong pliable fibers', U. S. Patent 2,130,947 'Diamine dicarboxylic acid salt' and U. S. Patent 2,130,948 'Synthetic fibers', all issued 20 September 1938

External links

For historical perspectives on nylon, see the Documents List of "The Stocking Story: You Be The Historian" at the Smithsonian website, by The Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of

Dictionary

nylon

-noun

  1. Originally, the DuPont company trade name for polyamide, a copolymer whose molecules consist of alternating diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers bonded together; now generically used for this type of polymer.
  2. (plurale tantum) A stocking originally fabricated from nylon; also used generically for any long, sheer stocking worn on a woman's legs.
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