Nyingma - Citizendia

Nyingma
Tibetan name
Tibetan:	རྙིང་མ་
Wylie transliteration:	rnying ma
pronunciation in IPA:	[ɲiŋma]
official transcription (PRC):	Nyingma
THDL:	Nyingma
other transcriptions:	—
Chinese name
traditional:	寧瑪派、紅教
simplified:	宁玛派、红教
Pinyin:	Níngmǎpài, Hóngjiào

Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kullu, India

The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug). Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Tibetan pinyin is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THDL Phonetic Transcription for short is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Padmasambhava () The Lotus Born, is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kullu is the capital town of the Kullu District, in the state of Himachal Pradesh, Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including The Kagyu or Kagyupa school also known as the " Oral Lineage " or Whispered Transmission school is one of four main schools of Himalayan This articles concerns the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism For information on the ancient Śākya tribe see Shakya. The Gelug or Gelug-pa, also known as the Yellow Hat sect, is a school of Buddhism founded by Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 a Philosopher "Nyingma" literally means "ancient," and is often referred to as the "school of the ancient translations" or the "old school" because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan, in the eighth century. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas In modern times the Nyingma lineage has been centered in Kham in eastern Tibet. For other meanings see Kham (disambiguation. KHAM (995 FM) is a commercial Radio station that is licensed to serve the

The Nyingma tradition actually comprises several distinct lineages that all trace their origins back to the Indian master Padmasambhava (Sanskrit for "lotus-born"; Tib. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Padmasambhava () The Lotus Born, is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century. Guru Rinpoche, "precious teacher"), the legendary founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Historically, Nyingmapa are categorised into Red Sangha and White Sangha. Red Sangha denotes a celibate, monastic practitioner; whereas White Sangha denotes liberation or abstention from such vows.

Nyingma maintains the earliest Vajrayana teachings. Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and The other three schools are known collectively as Sarma or "new translation" schools, having arisen from a second wave of translation. Sarma ( In Tibetan Buddhism, the Sarma (new translation schools include the three newest of the four main schools comprising Kagyu Followers of the tradition are known as Nyingmapa "pa" being a common suffix comparable to "er" or "ite" in English.

History

Origins

Around 760, King Trisong Detsen invited Padmasambhava and the Nalanda University abbot Shantarakshita (Tibetan Shiwatso) to Tibet to introduce Buddhism in the "Land of Snows. Events By Place Americas The Maya city of Dos Pilas is abandoned Trisong Detsän or Trisong Detsen ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེ་བཙན (Tibetan Wylie Khri-srong-lde-btsan; ipa ʈʂʰisoŋ tetsɛ̃; PRC Padmasambhava () The Lotus Born, is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century. Nālandā is the name of an ancient University in Bihar, India. Śāntarakṣita ( Devanagari: शान्तरक्षित was a renowned 8th Century Indian Buddhist Pandit and abbot of Nalanda University " King Trisong Detsen ordered the translation of all Buddhist Dharma Texts into Tibetan. The Sanskrit term ( Devanāgarī: धर्म Pali transliteration dhamma) is an Indian spiritual and religious Padmasambhava, Shantarakshita, 108 translators, and 25 of Padmasambhava's nearest disciples worked for many years in a gigantic translation-project. The translations from this period formed the base for the large scriptural transmission of Dharma teachings into Tibet. Padmasambhava supervised mainly the translation of Tantra; Shantarakshita concentrated on the Sutra-teachings. Tantra ( Sanskrit: तन्त्र; " Weave " denoting continuity) tantricism or tantrism is any of several esoteric Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita also founded the first Buddhist monastery Samye on Tibetan ground. The Samye Monastery or Samye Gompa ( is the first Buddhist Monastery built in Tibet, constructed in approximately 775 AD under It was the main center for dharma transmission in Tibet during this age.

25 disciples

The miracle-powers of the 25 disciples of Padmasambhava are widely accepted among Tibetan Buddhists. These disciples were: King Trisong Detsen, Namkhai Nyingpo, Nub Chen Sangye Yeshe, Gyalwa Choyang, the princess of Karchen Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, Palgyi Yeshe, Palgyi Senge, the great translator Vairotsana, Nyak Jnanakumara, Gyalmo Yudra Nyingpo, Nanam Dorje Dudjom, Yeshe Yang, Sokpo Lhapal, Nanam Zhang Yeshe De, Palgyi Wangchuk, Denma Tsémang, Kawa Paltsek, Shupu Palgyi Senge, Dré Gyalwe Lodro, Drokben Khyenchung Lotsawa, Otren Palgyi Wangchuk, Ma Rinchen Chok, Lhalung Palgyi Dorje, Langdro Konchog Jungné and Lasum Gyalwa Changchup. Trisong Detsän or Trisong Detsen ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེ་བཙན (Tibetan Wylie Khri-srong-lde-btsan; ipa ʈʂʰisoŋ tetsɛ̃; PRC Yeshe Tsogyel, also known in the Nyingma tradition as the Great Bliss Queen, is a semi-mythical female Deity or figure of enlightenment ( This article is about the Tibetan translator For the primordial Buddha Vairocana please see Vairocana Vairotsana of 'Pagor' (Wylie spa gor) (Tib

Early period

From this basis, Tantric Buddhism was established in its entirety in Tibet. From the 8th until the 11th century, the Nyingma was the only school of Buddhism in Tibet. With the reign of King Langdarma (836–842) a time of political instability ensued which continued over the next 300 years, during which time Buddhism was persecuted and largely forced underground. Langdarma was the last Tibetan emperor who Reigned from 838 - 841 CE Events By Place Asia Abbasid caliph Al-Mutasim establishes a new capital at Samarra, Iraq. Events By Place Europe February 14 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German sign a treaty From the 11th century onwards, the Nyingma tradition flourished along with the newer Sarma schools, and it was at that time that Nyingmapas began to see themselves as a distinct group and the term "Nyingma" came into usage.

The Nyingma tradition is unique among the four schools in that its supporters never held political power, and therefore it stood at a greater remove from the political machinations of Tibet. It is also distinguished by its decentralization and lesser emphasis on monasticism relative to the other schools, with a correspondingly greater preponderance of "ngakpas", uncelibate householders and yogins. In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Ngagpas (sNgags-pa or male practitioners (female practioners are knowns as Ngagmas or Ngagmos) are non-monastic

Modern developments

There was never a single "head of the lineage" in the manner of the Ganden Tripa (or Dalai Lama) of the Gelugpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu, and the Sakya Trizin of the Sakyapa. The Ganden Tripa or Gaden Tripa ("Holder of the Ganden Throne" is the title of the spiritual leader of the Gelug (Dge-lugs school of Tibetan Buddhism The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa ( Tibetan Karma Kagyu ( or Kamtsang, is the largest lineage within the Kagyu school one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism refers to its head as the Sakya Trizin. It was only recently in exile in India that this role was created at the request of the Tibetan Government in Exile, and it is largely administrative. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin Nevertheless, the lamas who have served in this role are among the most universally highly regarded. They are:

Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche (c. Dudjom Rinpoche ( is the title of a prominent line of Tulkus of the Nyingmapa order of Tibetan Buddhism. 1904–1987), served from the 1960s until his death.
Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (c. Dilgo Khyentse ( Rinpoche (c1910- 28 September 1991) was a Vajrayana master scholar poet teacher and head of the Nyingma school of 1910–1991), served from 1987 until his death.
Penor (Pema Norbu) Rinpoche served from 1991 until retirement in 2003. Kyabjé Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche (1932- is the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and is said to be an incarnation
Mindroling Trichen Rinpoche (c. The eleventh Mindrolling Trichen (pronunciation Mìn-drolling Trichen Jurme Kunzang Wangyal འགྱུར་མེད་ཀུན་བཟང་དབང་རྒྱལ་ 1930–2008), served from 2003 until his death. His successor is yet to be named. PortalCurrent events International holidays February 2 - Candlemas February 5 - Shrove

Features of the Nyingma lineage

Tantric system

The structure of tantric teachings of Nyingma is significant aside from the terma-tradition. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Nyingma-Schools distinguish 6 levels of tantric teachings; in other schools, 4 levels are common.

Outer tantra

Kriya
Carya or Ubhaya
Yogatantra

Inner tantra

Mahayoga
Anuyoga
Atiyoga/Dzogchen (The "Great Perfection")

In the later schools the inner tantric teachings are known as Anuttarayogatantra, which corresponds to Mahayoga in the Nyingma system, while the Mahamudra teachings of the later schools are said to lead to similar results as the Dzogchen teachings. Kriya (in Sanskrit "action deed effort" most commonly refers to a technique or practice within a Yoga discipline also the outward physical manifestations The Outer Tantras are the second three divisions in the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Mahayoga (Skt "great yoga" is the designation of the first of the three Inner Tantras according to the ninefold division of practice used by the Nyingma Anuyoga (Skt 'further yoga' is the designation of the second of the three Inner Tantras according to the ninefold division of practice used by the Nyingma According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being Anuttarayoga Tantra (Skt Tibetan bla-na-med-pa'i rgyud often translated as Unexcelled Yoga Tantra or Highest Yoga Tantra, is a term used in Tibetan Mahamudra (Sanskrit Mahāmudrā, Tibetan Chagchen, Wylie phyag chen, contraction of Chagya Chenpo, Wylie phyag rgya chen po) literally means

Eighteen great tantras

There are eighteen "great tantras" at the heart of the Nyingma vajrayana tradition (not including Dzogchen texts), grouped into root tantras, practice tantras, and activity tantras, and the last tantras (according to Minling Terchen). They are as follows:

The "Guhyagarbha Tantra", the foremost of all of them. The Guhyagarbha Tantra (The Tantra of the Secret Quintessence is the main tantra of the Mahayoga class and the primary Tantric text studied in the Nyingma Root tantras: "Equalizing Buddhahood," the tantra of the Body; "The Secret Moon," the tantra of speech; "The Assembly of Secrets (Guhyasamaja Tantra)," the tantra of mind; "The Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra," the tantra of qualities; and "The Activity Garland Tantra," the tantra of activities. Guhyasamaja Tantra, or Esoteric Community Tantra, (tib gSang ba 'dus pa'i rgyud) (Sanskrit "Treatise on the Sum Total of Mysteries" Practice tantras: "The Heruka Practice Tantra, "The Hayagriva Supreme Practice Tantra, "The Compassion Tantra," "the Nectar Practice Tantra," and "The Arising of the Twelve kilayas Tantra. " Activity Tantras: "The Mountain Pile," "The Awesome Wisdom Lightning," "The Array of Samayas," "The One-Pointed Samadhi," and "The Rampant Elephant. " Last Tantras that Complete Whatever is Incomplete: "The Vairochana Net of Magical Display;" and "The Noble, Skillful Lasso, the Concise Lotus Garland. "^[1]

Termas and tertons

The appearance of terma ("hidden treasures") is of particular significance to the Nyingma tradition. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Although there have been a few Kagyupa "tertons" (treasure revealers) and the practice is endemic to the Bönpo as well, the vast majority of Tibetan Buddhist tertons have been Nyingmapas. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Bön ( is the oldest spiritual tradition of Tibet. Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dalai Lama, has recognized the Bön tradition as the fifth principal spiritual It is held that past masters, principally Padmasambhava, secreted objects and hid teachings for discovery by later tertons at appropriate and auspicious times such that the teaching would be beneficial. These teachings may be physically discovered, often in rocks and caves, or they may be "mind terma," appearing directly within the mindstream of the terton. Mindstream is a compound Lexical item composed of Mind and Stream used to translate a term from Buddhist philosophy. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his

Terma

Main article: Terma

Padmasambhava and his main disciples hid hundreds of scriptures, ritual objects and relics in secret places to protect Buddhism during the time of decline under King Langdarma. These termas were later rediscovered and special terma lineages were established throughout Tibet. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Out of this activity developed, especially within the Nyingma tradition, two ways of dharma transmission: The so called "long" oral transmission from Teacher to student in unbroken lineages and the "short" transmission or "whispered transmission" of "hidden treasures". The foremost revealers of these termas were the five terton kings and the eight Lingpas. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Eight Lingpas ( Sangye Lingpa (1340-1396 Dorje Lingpa (1346-1405 Rinchen Lingpa, Pema Lingpa (or Padma Lingpa (1445/50-1521 Ratna In the 19th century some of the most famous were the Khen Kong Chok Sum referring to Jamyang Khyentse, Jamgon Kongtrul and Chokgyur Lingpa. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892 was a renowned teacher scholar and Tertön of 19th century Tibet. Jamgon Kongtrul was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist teacher ( Lama) and is also the name shared by members of a lineage held by tradition to be his subsequent reincarnations Chokgyur Lingpa or Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa (1829-1870 was a Terton or treasure revealer and contemporary of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgon Kongtrul

Tertons

According to Nyingma tradition, tertons are often incarnations of the 25 main disciples of Padmasambhava. A vast system of transmission lineages developed through the ages. Nyingma scriptures were updated when the time was appropriate. Terma teachings guided many Buddhist practitioners to realisation and enlightenment. The rediscovering of terma began with the first terton, Sangye Lama (1000–1080). Tertons of outstanding importance were Nyangral Nyima Oser (1124–1192), Guru Chowang (1212–1270), Rigdzin Godem (1307–1408), Pema Lingpa (1450–1521), Migyur Dorje (1645–1667), Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892) and Orgyen Chokyur Lingpa (1829–1870). Pema Lingpa or Padma Lingpa ( (1450-1521 was a famous Saint and Siddha of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Migyur Dorje (1645&ndash1667 is the Terton who recognized Kunzang Sherab as the Lineage Holder of Nam Cho terma (Sky Teaching Treasure in the Palyul Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892 was a renowned teacher scholar and Tertön of 19th century Tibet. Chokgyur Lingpa or Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa (1829-1870 was a Terton or treasure revealer and contemporary of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgon Kongtrul Orgyen Kusum Lingpa is a living terton. Orgyen Kusum Lingpa is a Terton and Nyingma lineage holder within Tibetan Buddhism. The terma tradition had antecedents in India; Nagarjuna, for example, rediscovered the last part of the "Prajnaparamita-Sutra in one hundred thousand verses" in the realm of Naga, where it had been kept since the time of Buddha Shakyamuni. Acharya Nāgārjuna ( Telugu: నాగార్జున (c 150 - 250 CE) was an Indian philosopher the founder of the Madhyamaka " Perfection of Wisdom " is a translation of the Sanskrit term prajñā pāramitā ( Devanagari: प्रज्ञा पारमिता Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder

Various traditions and important historical figures

It is generally agreed that Longchenpa and Mipham are the two most important scholars to the Nyingma lineage.

Longchenpa (1308-1363)

During the ages, many great scholars and tantric Masters appeared within the Nyingma lineage. Most famous of all is the master and scholar Longchenpa (Longchen Rabjam), who, along with Rongzom Mahapandita, and Jigme Lingpa are known as "omniscient one" or kun kyen – a rare title denoting doctrinal infallibility. Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa (1308 &ndash 1364 or possibly 1369 was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Jigme Lingpa (Tibetan 'Jigs-med gling-pa (1729-1798 was one of the most important tertöns of Tibet. He wrote many scriptures on the whole Nyingma-dharma. He is especially known for his presentation of the Nyingma philosophical view, that of Dzogchen in particular. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being His main works are the "seven treasuries" (Dzö dün), "three cycles of relaxation" (Ngalso Korsum), "three cycles of natural liberation" (Rangdröl Korsum) and the three "inner essences" (Yangtig Namsum). Longchen Rabjam also systematized the transmission of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, in a collection of texts called "The Four-fold Heart Essence" (Nyingthig Yabzhi).

Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) and the Longchen Nyingthig

Jigme Lingpa further condensed the Nyingthig Yabzhi of Longchenpa into a cycle of termas called the Longchen Nyingthig, or "Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse". Jigme Lingpa (Tibetan 'Jigs-med gling-pa (1729-1798 was one of the most important tertöns of Tibet. Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa (1308 &ndash 1364 or possibly 1369 was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Longchen Nyingthig ( is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Nyingthig Yabshi and the Longchen Nyingthig are known, respectively, as the earlier and later "heart essence. " The Longchen Nyingthig became both the foundation of the main Dzogchen teachings in the contemporary period and of the Rime movement. Rimé is a Buddhist Ecumenical movement founded in Eastern Tibet during the late 19th century largely by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jigme Lingpa's teaching lineage flourished in Kham (eastern Tibet) around Dege, and after his death three incarnations were recognised as being his emanations: Do Khyentse (1800?-1859?), Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, (1820-1892) and Patrul Rinpoche, (1808-1887), all of whom were central to the Rime movement. For other meanings see Kham (disambiguation. KHAM (995 FM) is a commercial Radio station that is licensed to serve the Dêgê County () is a county in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in China's Sichuan province Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892 was a renowned teacher scholar and Tertön of 19th century Tibet. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Patrul Rinpoche ( Wylie: dpal sprul rin po che) (1808-87 was a prominent teacher and author of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Rinchen Terdzod

Rinchen Terdzod
Tibetan: རིན་ཆེན་གཏེར་མཛོད།
Wylie: rin chen gter mdzod

The Rinchen Terdzod is, along with the Longchen Nyingthig, the most important terma treasure to Nyingmapas today. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) Longchen Nyingthig ( is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. It is the assemblage of thousands of rare terma texts from all across Tibet by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye, and Chogyur Dechen Lingpa in the 19th century. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892 was a renowned teacher scholar and Tertön of 19th century Tibet. Jamgon Kongtrul was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist teacher ( Lama) and is also the name shared by members of a lineage held by tradition to be his subsequent reincarnations

Mipham Jamyang Gyatso (1846–1912)

Mipham Jamyang Gyatso (“Mipham the Great”) was born into an aristocratic family in 1846 in Kham, a province of eastern Tibet. Jamgön Ju Mipham or Mipham Jamyang Namgyal Gyamtso (also known as "Mipham the Great" was a great master of the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism For other meanings see Kham (disambiguation. KHAM (995 FM) is a commercial Radio station that is licensed to serve the His name, Mipham Gyatso, means “Unconquerable Ocean,” and as a scholar and meditator he was so accomplished that he was enthroned as an emanation of the Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom. Manjusri ( Ch: As such, he was asked to compose a definitive articulation of the philosophical outlook of the Nyingma lineage. This had never been systematized in the manner of the other four lineages and, as a result, was vulnerable to attack by hostile scholars.

As requested, Mipham Rinpoche composed authoritative works on both the Sutra and Vajrayana teachings as understood in the Nyingma tradition, writing particularly extensively on dzogchen. Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and He is said to have composed these vast works effortlessly. They reinvigorated and revitalized the Nyingma lineage enormously inestimably, and he soon became one of the most renowned lamas in Tibet, attracting disciples from all traditions, many of whom became lineage holders. Lama ( is a title for a Tibetan teacher Mipham's works have become the foundation of study for not only the Nyingma lineage, but the Kagyu lineage as well. The Kagyu or Kagyupa school also known as the " Oral Lineage " or Whispered Transmission school is one of four main schools of Himalayan They hold a central position in all Nyingma monasteries and monastic colleges. Along with Longchenpa, he is considered the source of the Nyingma doctrine. Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa (1308 &ndash 1364 or possibly 1369 was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Six mother monasteries

Tradition has held that there are six monasteries known as "mother monasteries" of the Nyingma lineage, although there have been slightly different formulations of the six. At one time they included Dorje Drak, Mindroling monastery and Palri monastery in Upper Tibet; and Kathok, Palyul and Dzogchen monasteries in Lower Tibet. Dorje Drak (English Indestructible Rock monastery was one of the primary Nyingma monasteries in Tibet. Mindroling Monastery (pronounced MINH-droh-lyng, not Mind-Rolling) is one of the six major monasteries of the Nyingma school in Tibet Palyul is one of the six mother monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Dzogchen Monastery (Tib rdzogs chen dgon pa) is one of the six great monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. After the decline of Chongye Palri Thegchog Ling monastery and the flourishing of Shechen, the mother monasteries became Dorje Drag and Mindroling in the upper region, Shechen and Dzogchen in the center, and Kathok and Palyul in the lower part of Tibet. The Shechen Monastery ( is one of the primary Nyingma monasteries in Tibet. Palyul is one of the six mother monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Dodrubchen is often substituted for Kathok in the list. Out of these "main seats of the Nyingma" developed a large number of Nyingma monasteries throughout Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia.

Also of great importance to the Nyingma lineage is Samye, the first Tibetan monastery, founded by Shantarakshita. The Samye Monastery or Samye Gompa ( is the first Buddhist Monastery built in Tibet, constructed in approximately 775 AD under Śāntarakṣita ( Devanagari: शान्तरक्षित was a renowned 8th Century Indian Buddhist Pandit and abbot of Nalanda University

The Nyingma lineage today

Contemporary Nyingma teachers

Authentic contemporary Nyingma teachers include His Holiness Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, His Holiness Penor (Pema Norbu) Rinpoche, Chogyal Namkhai Norbu, filmmaker Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (son of H. Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, a major modern teacher in the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism is the eldest son of H Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche ( 1920 - February 13, 1996) ( A contemporary Buddhist master of the Kagyü and Nyingma lineages who lived Kyabjé Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche (1932- is the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and is said to be an incarnation Chögyal Namkhai Norbu ( is a Dzogchen teacher who was born in Derge, Kham district (Eastern Tibet) on 8 December Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (born 1961 also known as Khyentse Norbu, is a Bhutanese Lama, filmmaker and writer H. Thinley Norbu Rinpoche), Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche, Tarthang Tulku, Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo, Terton Orgyen Kusum Lingpa, Sogyal Rinpoche, Palden Sherab Rinpoche, Khenpo Sherab Sangpo and Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche, among others. HE Chagdud Tulku ( Rinpoche (1930-2002 was a renowned teacher of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism. Tarthang Tulku (born 1934 is a Tibetan teacher ( Lama) in the Nyingma tradition who lives in America where he works to preserve the art and culture Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo ( October 12, 1949 - born Alyce Louise Zeoli) is an enthroned Tulku within the Palyul lineage of the Orgyen Kusum Lingpa is a Terton and Nyingma lineage holder within Tibetan Buddhism. Sogyal Rinpoche ( is a Tibetan Dzogchen Lama of the Nyingma tradition Khenpo Sherab Sangpo (mkhan po shes rab bzang po Khenpo Sherab Sangpo was trained by Khenpo Petse Rinpoche and

References

^ Ringu Tulku & Ann Helm, The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet, pg. Rigpa (Tibetan Sanskrit Vidya) is the primordial nondual awareness advocated by the Dzogchen and Mahamudra teachings In Tibetan Buddhism the Chokling Tersar (mchog gling gter gsar are a collection of formerly hidden teachings or termas revealed by Chokgyur Lingpa. Longchen Nyingthig ( is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Nam Cho, is the "sky / space treasure" Terma of the Tibetan Buddhist Nyingma Palyul Lineage as revealed by Terton Migyur Dorje In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Ngagpas (sNgags-pa or male practitioners (female practioners are knowns as Ngagmas or Ngagmos) are non-monastic 75, Shambhala Publications, Boston:2006

Dudjom Rinpoche and Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje. The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: its Fundamentals and History. Two Volumes. 1991. Translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with Matthew Kapstein. Wisdom Publications, Boston. ISBN 0-86171-087-8

External links

Kathok Nyingma Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism
Nyingma Institute headed by Tharthang Tulku, with centres in Berkeley, Amsterdam and Rio de Janeiro
The Nyingma Lineage and Terma Tradition from Simhanada
Zangthal Translations of Tibetan texts into English.
Padmasambhava & Nyingma Site with reading room - Guru Yoga of Padmasambhava in English and Polish, Secret Teachings of Padmasambhava in Polish.

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