Nusaybin ancient Nisibis, Nisibia, Nisibin) is a city in Mardin Province, south-eastern Turkey populated by Turks, Syriacs, Arabs and Kurds. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Mardin Province ( Syriac: ܡܶܪܕܺܝܢ Merdin; Kurdish: Mêrdîn Arabic: مردين Mardīn) is a province of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Aramean-Syriac people ( Syriac: arc [[arcܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ]]) are an Ethnic group who are widely The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding
It is the ancient Mesopotamian city, which Alexander's successors refounded as Antiochia Mygdonia (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Μυγδονίας) and is mentioned for the first time in Polybius' description of the march of Antiochus I against the Molon (Polybius, V, 51). Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Polybius (ca 203 &ndash 120 BC, Greek) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories Antiochus I Soter (unknown - 261 BC was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. Apollonius Molon was a Greek rhetorician who flourished about 70 BC Molon (in Greek Moλων; died in 220 BC was a general Polybius (ca 203 &ndash 120 BC, Greek) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories Greek historian Plutarch suggested that the city was populated by Spartan descendants. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη The Syriac name for the town is Soba. [1]
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Ancient Period
As early as 852 BC, Nisibis appeared in the Assyrian Eponym List as the seat of an Assyrian provincial governor named Shamash-Abua. Limmu was an Assyrian Eponym. At the beginning of the reign of an Assyrian king the limmu an appointed royal official would preside over the Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture [2]
Classical Period
Like many other cities in the marches where Roman and Parthian powers confronted one another, Nisibis was often taken and retaken: it was captured by Lucullus after a long siege from the brother of Tigranes (Dion Cassius, xxxv, 6, 7); and captured again by Trajan in 115, for which he gained the name of Parthicus (ibid. Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran For his grandfather and namesake see Lucius Licinius Lucullus. This article is about a king of Armenia in the 1st century BCE. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who , LXVIII, 23), then lost and regained against the Jews during the Kitos War. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Kitos War ( 115 — 117) (מרד הגלויות mered ha'galoyot or mered ha'tfutzot (מרד התפוצות translation Rebellion of the Lost in 194, it was again conquered by Septimius Severus, who made it his headquarters and re-established a colony there (ibid. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor , LXXV, 23). With the fresh energy of the new Sassanid dynasty, Shapur I conquered Nisibis, was driven out, and returned in the 260s. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Shapur I was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. In 297, by a treaty with Narseh, the province of Nisibis was acquired by the Roman Empire. Narseh (whose name is also sometimes written as Narses or Narseus) was the seventh Sassanid King of Persia (293&ndash302 and son of Shapur
The Roman historian of the 4th century Ammianus Marcellinus gained his first practical experience of warfare as a young man under the governor at Nisibis, Ursicinus. Amiricanus Gambilinus (325/330-after 391 was a fourth-century Roman historian. From 360 to 5th century, Nisibis was the camp of Legio I Parthica. Legio I Parthica (Latin pronunciation prima párthica) was a Roman legion levied in 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus Because of its strategic importance on the Persian border Nisibis was heavily fortified. Ammianus lovingly calls Nisibis the "impregnable city" (urbs inexpugnabilis) and "bulwark of the provinces" (murus provinciarum).
In 363 Nisibis was ceded back to the Persians after the defeat of Julian. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate (331 or 332 to 26 June 363) was Roman Emperor (Caesar At that time the population of the town was forced by the Roman authorities to leave Nisibis and move to Amida. The townspeople tried to persuade Emperor Jovian that they were ready to defend their home against the Persians, but Iovianus allowed them only three days for the evacuation. For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation. Flavius Iovianus, Anglicized to Jovian, ( 331 - 17 February Historian Ammianus Marcellinus was again an eyewitness of this sorrowful event. He condemns Emperor Jovian for giving up the fortified town without a fight. Marcellinus' point-of-view is certainly in line with contemporary Roman public opinion.
Nisibis had a Christian bishop from 300, founded by Babu (died 309). A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight War was begun again by Shapur II in 337, who besieged the city in 338, 346 and 350, when James, Babu's successor, was its bishop. Shapur II was the ninth King of the Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379 Events By Place Roman Empire The Romans, allied with the Goths, arrive in the north of the empire to protect the borders Nisibis was the home of Ephrem the Syrian, who remained until its surrender to the Persians by Jovian in 363. Ephrem the Syrian ( Syriac: ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Mor Afrêm Sûryāyâ; Greek:; Latin For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation. Flavius Iovianus, Anglicized to Jovian, ( 331 - 17 February
Later, the bishop of Nisibis was the ecclesiastic metropolitan of the Province of Beit-Arbaye. In 410 it had six suffragan sees and as early as the middle of the 5th century was the most important episcopal see of the Persian Church after Seleucia-Ctesiphon, and many of its Nestorian or Jacobite bishops were renowned for their writings: Barsumas, Osee, Narses, Jesusyab, Ebed-Jesus. For the Syrian seaport of the same name that figures in the travels of Saint Paul see Seleucia Pieria. For the Spanish saint see Ctesiphon of Vergium. Ctesiphon (قطسيفون تیسفون was one of the great cities of the Persian Empire Nestorius Nestorius (c 386 &ndashc 451) was a pupil of Theodore of Mopsuestia in Antioch in Syria (modern The Syriac Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church based in the Middle East with members spread throughout the world
The first theological School of Nisibis, founded at the introduction of Christianity into the city, was closed when the province was ceded to the Persians. During the first Christian centuries the School of Nisibis was the spiritual center of the Assyrian Church of the East. Ephrem the Syrian, a poet, commentator, preacher and defender of orthodoxy, joined the general exodus of Christians and reestablished the school on more securely Roman soil at Edessa. Ephrem the Syrian ( Syriac: ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Mor Afrêm Sûryāyâ; Greek:; Latin Edessa ( Greek:) is the historical name of a Syriac town in northern Mesopotamia, refounded on an ancient site by Seleucus I Nicator In the 5th century the school became a center of Nestorian Christianity, and was closed down by Archbishop Cyrus in 489; the expelled masters and pupils withdrew once more to Nisibis, under the care of Barsumas, who had been trained at Edessa, under the patronage of Narses, who established the statutes of the new school. Nestorius Nestorius (c 386 &ndashc 451) was a pupil of Theodore of Mopsuestia in Antioch in Syria (modern Those which have been discovered and published belong to Osee, the successor of Barsumas in the See of Nisibis, and bear the date 496; they must be substantially the same as those of 489. In 590 they were again modified. The monastery school was under a superior called Rabban ("master"), a title also given to the instructors. The administration was confided to a majordomo, who was steward, prefect of discipline, and librarian, but under the supervision of a council. Unlike the Jacobite schools, devoted chiefly to profane studies, the school of Nisibis was above all a school of theology. The two chief masters were the instructors in reading and in the interpretation of Holy Scripture, explained chiefly with the aid of Theodore of Mopsuestia. Theodore the Interpreter (ca 350 - 428 was bishop of Mopsuestia, a city in what is now Turkey which has since declined into a village which is now known as The free course of studies lasted three years, the students providing for their own support. During their sojourn at the university, masters and students led a monastic life under somewhat special conditions. The school had a tribunal and enjoyed the right of acquiring all sorts of property. Its rich library possessed a most beautiful collection of Nestorian works; from its remains Ebed-Jesus, Bishop of Nisibis in the 14th century, composed his celebrated catalogue of ecclesiastical writers. The disorders and dissensions, which arose in the sixth century in the school of Nisibis, favoured the development of its rivals, especially that of Seleucia; however, it did not really begin to decline until after the foundation of the School of Baghdad (832). Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Among its literary celebrities mention should be made of its founder Narses; Abraham, his nephew and successor; Abraham of Kashgar, the restorer of monastic life; John; Babai the Elder. Abraham the Great can refer to St Abraham of Kashkar, a Monk and Saint of the Assyrian Church of the East St
Modern Nusaybin remains the site of two titular sees in the Roman Catholic Church, Nisibenus Chaldaeorum, and Nisibenus; the first seat is held by Jacques Ishaq, titular Archbishop, the second has been vacant since 1968. A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead [2][3]
See also
- Paul of Nisibis
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Nisibis
References
- ^ The Nomocanon of Metropolitan Abdisho of Nisibis, By ʻAbdisho bar Berīkā, István Perczel. [1]
- ^ Assyrian Eponym List
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