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Numbers stations are shortwave radio stations of uncertain origin. Shortwave Radio operates between the frequencies of 3000 KHz (3 They generally broadcast voices reading streams of numbers, words, letters (sometimes using a radio alphabet), tunes or Morse code. A spelling alphabet, radio alphabet, or telephone alphabet is a set of words which are used to stand for the letters of an Alphabet. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals

The voices that can be heard on these stations are often mechanically generated. They are in a wide variety of languages, and the voices are usually women's, though sometimes men's or children's voices are used.

Evidence supports popular assumptions that the broadcasts are channels of communication used to send messages to spies. This has not been publicly acknowledged by any government that may operate a numbers station, but in one case, Cuban numbers station espionage has been publicly prosecuted in a United States federal court. The Cuban Five are Gerardo Hernández, Antonio Guerrero, Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, and René González, five Cuban The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States federal courts are the system of Courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the Federal government of the United States [1]

Numbers stations appear and disappear over time (although some follow regular schedules), and their overall activity has increased slightly since the early 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 This increase suggests that, as spy-related phenomena, they were not unique to the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Contents

Suspected origins and use

According to the notes of The Conet Project,[2] numbers stations have been reported since World War I. The Conet Project Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations is a four- CD set of recordings of Numbers stations mysterious Shortwave radio stations World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All If accurate, this would make numbers stations among the earliest radio broadcasts.

It has long been speculated, and was argued in court in one case, that these stations operate as a simple and foolproof method for government agencies to communicate with spies working undercover. [3] According to this theory, the messages are encrypted with a one-time pad, to avoid any risk of decryption by the enemy. In Cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP is an Encryption Algorithm where the Plaintext is combined with a random key or "pad" As evidence, numbers stations have changed details of their broadcasts or produced special, nonscheduled broadcasts coincident with extraordinary political events, such as the August Coup. The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt ( August 19 - August 21, 1991) also known as the August Putsch or August Coup was a three-day

Others speculate that some of these stations may be related to illegal drug smuggling operations. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison [4] Unlike government stations, smugglers' stations would need to be lower powered and irregularly operated, to avoid location by triangulated direction finding, followed by government raids. Direction finding (DF refers to the establishment of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted However, numbers stations have transmitted with impunity for decades, so they are generally presumed to be operated or sponsored only by governments. Also, numbers station transmissions in the international shortwave bands typically require high levels of electric power that is unavailable to ranches, farms, or plantations in isolated drug-growing regions.

High frequency radio signals transmitted at relatively low power can travel around the world under ideal propagation conditions, which are affected by local RF noise levels, weather, season, and sunspots, and can then be received with a properly tuned antenna of adequate size, and a superb receiver. High frequency (HF radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. A sunspot is a region on the Sun 's surface ( Photosphere) that is marked by intense magnetic activity which inhibits Convection, forming However, spies often have to work only with available hand held receivers, sometimes under difficult local conditions, and in all seasons and sunspot cycles. [5][6] Only very large transmitters, perhaps up to 500,000 watts, are guaranteed to get through to nearly any basement-dwelling spy, nearly any place on earth, nearly all of the time. Some governments may not need a numbers station with global coverage if they only send spies to nearby countries.

Although no broadcaster or government has acknowledged transmitting the numbers, a 1998 article in The Daily Telegraph quoted a spokesperson for the Department of Trade and Industry (the government department that, at that time, regulated radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom) as saying, "These [numbers stations] are what you suppose they are. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Department of Trade and Industry was a United Kingdom government department which was disbanded with the announcement of the creation of the Department for Business The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located People shouldn't be mystified by them. They are not for, shall we say, public consumption. "[7] Listening to numbers stations in the UK is illegal under Section 48 of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 as it is unlikely you could get official permission to listen to them; however, it is unlikely that the legislation would be used to prosecute those who listen to the stations privately. The Wireless Telegraphy Acts are laws regulating radio communications in the United Kingdom. Indeed, one could argue that a listener could not be prosecuted for listening to stations that officially do not exist and in any case, operate illegally on frequencies not allocated to them by the ITU.

Numbers stations are often given nicknames by enthusiasts, often reflecting some distinctive element of the station such as their interval signal. An interval signal, or tuning signal, is a characteristic sound or musical phrase used in International broadcasting and by some domestic broadcasters For example, the "Lincolnshire Poacher", one of the best known numbers stations (generally thought to be run by MI6 as its transmissions have been traced to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus), plays the first two bars of the folk song "The Lincolnshire Poacher" before each string of numbers. The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious powerful shortwave Numbers station that used two bars from the English folk song " The Lincolnshire Poacher The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency. Royal Air Force Station Akrotiri, more commonly known as RAF Akrotiri, is a large Royal Air Force station and military Airbase Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous The Lincolnshire Poacher is a traditional English folk song ( Roud # 299 associated with the county of Lincolnshire, and dealing with the joys "Magnetic Fields" plays music from French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre before and after each set of numbers. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. The "Atención" station begins its transmission with the Spanish phrase "¡Atención!"

Although it is time-consuming and may require costly global travel to pinpoint the source of a radio transmission in the shortwave band, errors at the transmission site, radio direction-finding, and a knowledge of shortwave radio propagation have provided armchair detective clues to some number station locations.

For example, the "Atención" station was originally presumed to be from Cuba, as a supposed error allowed Radio Habana Cuba to be carried on the frequency. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Radio Havana Cuba ( Spanish: Radio Habana Cuba, RHC) is the official government-run International broadcasting station of Cuba [8] Whether the frequency of Radio Habana Cuba and the frequency of the "Atención" station merely interfered with each other or whether the operator of the station was listening to the radio and it accidentally ended up on the air is unclear. Circa 2000-2001, Atención was officially identified as Cuban by the United States.

Also, several articles in the radio magazine Popular Communications published in the 1980s and early 1990s described hobbyists using portable radio direction-finding equipment to locate numbers stations in Florida and in the Warrenton, Virginia, area. Warrenton is a town in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state [9] From the outside, they spotted the station's antenna inside a military facility. The station hunter speculated that the antenna's transmitter at the facility was connected by a telephone wire pair to a source of spoken numbers in the Washington, D.C., area. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The author said the Federal Communications Commission would not comment on public inquiries about American territory numbers stations.

On some stations, tones can be heard in the background. It has been suggested that in such cases the voice may be an aid to tuning to the correct frequency, with the coded message being sent by modulating the tones, perhaps using a technology such as burst transmission. In Telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a periodic Waveform, i In Telecommunication, the term burst transmission has the following meanings Any relatively high-bandwidth transmission over a short period of time

The Atención spy case evidence

Atención of Cuba became the world's first numbers station to be officially and publicly accused of transmitting to spies. It was the centerpiece of a United States federal court espionage trial following the arrest of the Wasp Network of Cuban spies in 1998. The Cuban Five are Gerardo Hernández, Antonio Guerrero, Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, and René González, five Cuban The U. S. prosecutors claimed the accused were writing down number codes received from Atención, using Sony hand-held shortwave receivers, and typing the numbers into laptop computers to decode spying instructions. The FBI testified that they had entered a spy's apartment in 1995, and copied the computer decryption program for the Atención numbers code. They used it to decode Atención spy messages, which the prosecutors unveiled in court.

United States government evidence included the following three examples of decoded Atención messages. (Not reported whether the original clear texts were in Spanish, although the phrasing of "Day of the Woman" would indicate so. ):

At the rate of one spoken number per character per second, each of these sentences takes a minute or more to transmit. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. International Women's Day ( IWD) is marked on March 8 every year

The moderator of an e-mail list for global numbers station hobbyists claimed "Someone on the Spooks list had already cracked the code for a repeated transmission [from Havana to Miami] if it was received garbled. " Such code-breaking is possible if a one-time pad decoding key is used more than once. In Cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP is an Encryption Algorithm where the Plaintext is combined with a random key or "pad" [10]

Formats

Generally, numbers stations follow a basic format, although there are many differences in details between stations. Transmissions usually begin on the hour or half-hour.

The prelude or introduction of a transmission (from which stations' informal nicknames are often derived) includes some kind of identifier, either for the station itself and/or for the intended recipient. This can take the form of numeric or radio-alphabet "code names" (e. g. "Charlie India Oscar", "250 250 250"), characteristic phrases (e. g. "¡Atención!", "1234567890"), and sometimes musical or electronic sounds (e. g. "The Lincolnshire Poacher", "Magnetic Fields"). Sometimes, as in the case of the Israeli radio-alphabet stations, the prelude can also signify the nature or priority of the message to follow (e. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. g. (hypothetically) "Charlie India Oscar-2", indicating that no message follows). Often the prelude repeats for a period before the body of the message begins.

There is usually an announcement of the number of number-groups in the message, then the groups are recited. Groups are usually either four or five digits or radio-alphabet letters. The groups are typically repeated, either by reading each group twice, or by repeating the entire message as a whole.

Some stations send more than one message during a transmission. In this case, some or all of the above process is repeated, with different contents.

Finally, after all the messages have been sent, the station will sign off in some characteristic fashion. Usually it will simply be some form of the word "end" in whatever language the station uses (e. g. "end of message, end of transmission"; "Ende"; "fini"; "final"; "konec"). Some stations, especially those thought to originate from the former Soviet Union, end with a series of zeros, e. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 g. "000 000"; others end with music or other sundry sounds.

Due to the secretive nature of the messages, the cryptographic function employed by particular stations is not publicly known. It is possible that some stations use a one-time pad that would make the contents of these groups indistinguishable from randomly generated numbers or digits. In Cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP is an Encryption Algorithm where the Plaintext is combined with a random key or "pad" See If It Had Not Been For 15 Minutes, Chapter 7 for a simplified explanation of decoding numbers messages without a computer.

Transmission technology

Although few numbers stations have been tracked down by location, the technology used to transmit the numbers has historically been clear — stock shortwave transmitters using powers from 10 kW to 100 kW. For biologic transmitters see Transmitter substance. A transmitter is an electronic device which usually with the aid of an antenna

Amplitude modulated (AM) transmitters with optionally variable frequency, using class-C power output stages with plate modulation, are the workhorses of international shortwave broadcasting, including numbers stations. Amplitude modulation ( AM) is a technique used in electronic communication most commonly for transmitting information via a Radio Carrier wave An electronic amplifier is a device for increasing the power and/or Amplitude of a signal. Methods At the beginning of the 20th century there were four chief methods of arranging the transmitting circuits The transmitting system consists of two tuned

Application of spectrum analysis to number station signals has revealed the presence of data bursts, RTTY-modulated subcarriers, phase-shifted carriers, and other unusual transmitter modulations like polytones. A spectrum analyzer or spectral analyzer is a device used to examine the spectral composition of some electrical, acoustic, or optical Radioteletype ( RTTY) is a Telecommunications system consisting of two or more Teleprinters using Radio as the Transmission medium. A subcarrier is a separate analog or Digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as Voice Phase-shift keying (PSK is a Digital Modulation scheme that conveys data by changing or modulating the phase of a reference signal Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK is a variation of Frequency-shift keying (FSK that uses more than two frequencies [11] (RTTY-modulated subcarriers were also present on some U. S. commercial radio transmissions during the Cold War. [12])

The frequently reported use of high tech modulations like data bursts, in combination or sequence with spoken numbers, suggest transmissions for differing intelligence operations. In Telecommunication, the term burst transmission has the following meanings Any relatively high-bandwidth transmission over a short period of time [1]

For spies in the field, low tech spoken number transmissions continue to have advantages in the 21st century. High tech data receiving equipment is difficult to obtain,[13] and being caught with more than a civilian shortwave news radio could be construed as evidence of spying. Yet governments' embassies, aircraft, and ships at sea are known to possess complex receiving equipment that could make regular use of encrypted data transmissions from the home country. These probably include charts and photos that require more transmitted data than can be sent efficiently using spoken numbers.

The USSR and superpower number stations

Interference with documented broadcasts

The North Korean propaganda station Voice of Korea began to broadcast on the Lincolnshire Poacher's frequency, 11545 kHz, in 2006, possibly to deliberately interfere with its propagation. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Voice of Korea ( Korean: 조선의 소리 is the International broadcasting service of North Korea. The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious powerful shortwave Numbers station that used two bars from the English folk song " The Lincolnshire Poacher This clash can be viewed in video format here: [2]. The apparent target zone for the Lincolnshire Poacher signals originating in Cyprus is the Middle East, not the Far East which is covered by its sister station Cherry Ripe. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. Cherry Ripe is the nickname of a mysterious powerful Shortwave Numbers station that uses several bars from the English Folk song "

On 27 September 2006, radio amateur transmissions in the 30m band were affected by the E7 "Russian Man" number station at 1740 UTC. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The interference can be heard here: [3]

The late "Havana Moon" reported in his own publication "The Numbers Factsheet" in October 1990 that "one particularly dangerous station has been interfering with air to ground traffic on 6577 kHz, a frequency allocated to international aeronautical communications in the busy Caribbean sector". The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting "On at least one monitored transmission, the air traffic controller at ARINC moved the pilot to an alternate frequency as the numbers transmission was totally blocking the frequency from effective use".

A station operated by the West German BND agency whose callsign was "Hotel Kilo" ([4]) used to transmit on 9450 kHz, interfering with Radio Moscow (now The Voice of Russia) which used the same frequency. The Bundesnachrichtendienst ( Federal Intelligence Service, BND is the foreign Intelligence agency of the German government under the control of the Voice of Russia is the Russian government's international radio broadcasting service owned by the All-Russia State Television and Radio Company. A tape recording of the interference was submitted to Radio Moscow which prompted this response: [5]

SW Radio Africa transmits from Meyerton, South Africa, on 4880 kHz and is the "Independent Voice of Zimbabwe". Here you can view a video of the MOSSAD E10 station "Uniform Lima X-Ray" interfering with the African station. [6]

The religious station WYFR transmits from Okeechobee, Florida, USA, on 6855 kHz. WYFR is a Shortwave Radio station located in Okeechobee Florida, United States. Okeechobee is a city in Okeechobee County, Florida, United States. It is regularly affected by the Cuban Spanish number station "V2". A video shows the V2 interfering with the American station. - [7]

A BBC frequency, 7325 kHz, has also been used. This prompted a letter to the BBC from a lady listener in Andorra. Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western She wrote to the "Waveguide" program complaining that her listening had been spoiled by a female voice reading out numbers in English and she asked the announcer what this interference was. The BBC presenter laughed at the suggestion of spy activity. He had consulted the experts at Bush House (BBC headquarters) who declared that the voice was reading out nothing more sinister than snowfall figures for the ski-slopes near the listener's home. With more research into this case, short wave enthusiasts are fairly sure that this was a numbers station being broadcast on a random frequency. [8] The likelihood of the broadcast being snow readings is in doubt because it would have been illegal to broadcast on an already used frequency.

Radio Ukraine International uses 9950 kHz in the 31 metre band. At 1610 UTC on Thu 22 NOV 07, the powerful S06 Russian number station transmitted a call up of "425". You can see a video of this here:[9]

Attempted jamming of number stations

Numbers station transmissions have often been the target of jamming attempts. Despite this targeting, many number stations continue to broadcast unhindered. Several theories exist that aid in explaining the inability to effectively jam the transmissions. With only a finite number of jamming transmitters available at any given time, it may be more efficient to block clandestine stations intended for a large audience rather than a message intended for a single person. Another theory is that there may be a "gentlemen's agreement" in place; i. A gentlemen's agreement is an informal Agreement between two or more parties e. "we won't jam yours if you don't jam ours". In addition, the haphazard nature of some stations, e. g. not having a fixed schedule or frequency, also makes jamming more difficult because the broadcast may go undetected.

Historical examples of jamming:

Classification

Although most number stations have various nicknames which usually describe some aspect of the station itself, the ENIGMA 2000 number stations monitoring group has assigned a code to each known station, this takes the form of a letter followed by a number (or, in the case of some "X" stations, more letters). The letter indicates the language used by the station in question:


For example, the well known Lincolnshire Poacher station has the designation E3 (or E03), the Cuban "Atencion" station has designation V2 (or V02). The most recent station to be given a designation is E27, which was a station heard broadcasting on several occasions in late 2006 and early 2007.

Some stations have also been stripped of their designation if they are discovered not to be a numbers station- this was the case for E22 which was discovered in 2005 to be test transmissions for All India Radio. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی

Popular culture references

Music

In 1997, The Conet Project: Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations, a four CD set of recordings of numbers stations was released by England's Irdial-Discs record label. The Conet Project Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations is a four- CD set of recordings of Numbers stations mysterious Shortwave radio stations A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio This has now been made available on archive. org [14].

Recordings of numbers stations sometimes find their way onto records by other musicians via sampling, such as Stereolab's song "Pause", Porcupine Tree's "Even Less", Chroma Key's "Even the Waves", or various songs by Wilco, whose album Yankee Hotel Foxtrot is named after a message sampled on it. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording Stereolab are an Alternative music band formed in 1990 in London, England Porcupine Tree are a Progressive rock band formed by Steven Wilson in 1987 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Chroma Key is the name under which ex- Dream Theater Keyboardist Kevin Moore records Wilco is an American rock band based in Chicago, Illinois. The band was formed in 1994 by the remaining members of Alternative country group Yankee Hotel Foxtrot (sometimes abbreviated YHF) is the fourth Album by Chicago -based rock band Wilco. Pere Ubu's drummer Scott Krauss is an avid fan of numbers stations, and has featured recordings in several of the group's songs. Pere Ubu are an Experimental rock music group formed in Cleveland Ohio, in 1975 The track "On the Lamb" by 310, from the album Aug 56 lasts almost half an hour, and features samples from a numbers station throughout.

The reclusive Scottish duo Boards of Canada were influenced by numbers stations at an early age. Boards of Canada (BoC are a Scottish Electronic music duo consisting of brothers Michael Sandison (born June 1, 1970) and Marcus Eoin Sandison The track "Gyroscope" on the Geogaddi album contains a sample of a numbers station with a child counting. Geogaddi is the second album by Boards of Canada. It was released in February 2002 on three different days for each region to a large degree of anticipation

U. S. punk band Heather Hates You references numbers stations in their song "I've Got A Secret Decoder Ring" from their 2006 disc "A Scar is Born". The album ends with a morse code message akin to certain numbers station transmissions.

The UK based group 65daysofstatic sample "The Lincolnshire Poacher" along with several other stations on the song "No Station. 65daysofstatic (also known by the abbreviations 65dos, 65days, or simply 65) are an Instrumental Post-rock band from Sheffield The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious powerful shortwave Numbers station that used two bars from the English folk song " The Lincolnshire Poacher "

The song "Voices" [15] by the Germany based pop group Botany Bay was inspired by number stations and uses recordings of number station broadcasts.

The UK group Cinerama released a cover of The Smiths song "London" as a b-side to their single "Manhattan", in 2000. Cinerama were a UK indie pop band headed up by David Gedge the frontman for The Wedding Present. The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982 The track contains a couple of numbers station samples.

Italian progressive metal band Madwork sampled a numbers station in the introduction to their track entitled "Null" in 2005.

The Swedish electronic band Covenant used several samples from The Conet Project in the intro during their "United States of Mind" tour in 2000. Covenant is a band from Sweden that has composed Electronic music. It can be heard on the live album Synergy. Synergy is the first Live album by Covenant, released as a stand alone CD in 2000 as well as a CD/VHS set by Dependent Records.

The electronica song "Lifelight" by Andy Hunter° on the album "Life" features a sample of a Spanish number station in the background midway through the track at 5:07. This is an article about the British DJ For the EastEnders character see Andy Hunter (EastEnders character.

The instrumental composition "Numbers Station" by Canadian musician and artist Derek R. Audette features samples of authentic numbers station broadcasts throughout the track.

Yankee Hotel Foxtrot is the fourth album by Chicago-based rock band Wilco. Yankee Hotel Foxtrot (sometimes abbreviated YHF) is the fourth Album by Chicago -based rock band Wilco. Wilco is an American rock band based in Chicago, Illinois. The band was formed in 1994 by the remaining members of Alternative country group The album took its name from a track on The Conet Project: Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations. The Conet Project Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations is a four- CD set of recordings of Numbers stations mysterious Shortwave radio stations

The final track, "Found Wanting" on Australian musician David Bridie's 2000 album Act Of Free Choice begins, ends and is interspersed with what sounds like a Numbers Station recording. David Bridie is a contemporary folk musical artist from Melbourne Australia

Turkish electronic music band Etnik Sentetik sampled several transmissions between 2000-2001. Etnik Sentetik is an electronic music band from Istanbul The story of the group stretches back to 1995 when Sami Baruh and Mahmut Akyalçın first joined forces and began producing Numbers Station recording used at the intro of their track entitled "Kısa Dalga" in 2004.

One could argue that Kraftwerk's track Numbers is influenced by numbers station broadcasts. Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from Computer World ( German version Computerwelt) is a Concept album created by Kraftwerk and released in 1981

Film and television

The West German film Der Westen Leuchtet shows an agent called Harald Liebe receiving a number station transmission via a Sony ICF-7800 radio. He is then shown decoding the message using his one-time pad. See [11]

In the 1950 Jean Cocteau film Orphée, the poet Orpheus listens to such a station in Death's chauffeured Rolls Royce. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Orpheus ( Orphée) is a 1950 French film directed by Jean Cocteau and starring Jean Marais.

Cameron Crowe also featured parts of The Conet Project in scenes of the movie Vanilla Sky. Cameron Bruce Crowe (born July 13, 1957) is an Academy Award -winning American Writer and Film director. The Conet Project Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations is a four- CD set of recordings of Numbers stations mysterious Shortwave radio stations Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American Psychological thriller Film, which has been variously characterized by published film critics as "an odd He said he used the station recordings to create a sense of confusion.

A transcript of numbers from transmissions of the Lincolnshire Poacher station were printed on the set of a series of the UK TV Series: Mark Thomas Comedy Product. Mark Clifford Thomas (born 11 April, 1963) is an English Comedian, presenter political activist and reporter from south London In the special episode The Secret Map of Britain number station samples were used as link music between segments.

The numbers 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, and 42 were transmitted from a numbers station on the island in ABC's drama series Lost. The television show Lost includes a number of mysterious elements that have been ascribed Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series.

One of the clues that appears during the playing of the Lost Experience alternative reality game ("ARG") is the website http://persephone.thehansofoundation.org. The website features looping audio meant to very closely resemble a numbers station.

In the 1991 film Toy Soldiers, the Colombian forces utilize number stations to communicate between the school and their home base. Toy Soldiers is a 1991 action / Drama film directed by Daniel Petrie Jr Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. There are multiple scenes which depict the encoding and decoding of information transmitted over portable numbers stations.

In the 1984 film Red Dawn, a band of high school guerrilla fighters hears two code phrases (each repeated twice) broadcast over the radio as they hide out in the wilderness. Red Dawn is a 1984 war film by John Milius about a fictional invasion of the United States by the Soviet Union, Cuba and The phrases are: The chair is against the wall and John has a long mustache (the latter of which was actually used as a code-signal by the French Resistance during World War II). The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

In the 1959 book and 1962 film The Longest Day, members of the French resistance listen to a radio station broadcasting nonsense phrases (such as "I like Siamese cats") for particular phrases (such as "John has a long mustache," and "Wounds my heart with dolorous languour," a line from a Paul Verlaine poem), which are coded messages regarding D-Day. The Longest Day is a book by Cornelius Ryan published in 1959, telling the story of D-Day, the first day of the World War II The Longest Day is a 3-hour-long War film with a very large cast based on the 1959 history The Longest Day by Cornelius Ryan The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German Paul-Marie Verlaine (vɛʁˈlɛn March 30, 1844 &ndash January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist

In parody of this, the British TV series Allo Allo has Rene Artois (Nighthawk), Edith Artois (Mrs Nighthawk) and others operating a secret radio in wartime Nouvion. 'Allo 'Allo! was a long-running British sitcom broadcast on BBC1 from 1982 to 1992 comprising eighty-five episodes Nouvion (or sometimes Nouvion-en-Ponthieu is a commune of the Somme département, in France. They broadcast in codephrase, usually with the codephrases having an alternative humorous or risque interpretation, with predictably hilarious results from eavesdroppers.

In the 1973 film Seventeen Moments of Spring agent Stirlitz listens to a number transmission on Russian radio and later decodes it using a book. Seventeen Moments of Spring ( 1973) ("Семнадцать мгновений весны" in Russian) also Seventeen Instants of Spring Max Otto von Stirlitz (Шти́рлиц transcribed Shtirlits is a hero of a popular Russian book series written by novelist Julian Semyonov

Video games

Space Giraffe, an Xbox Live Arcade game released in August 2007, uses a sequence of specially recorded Welsh numbers [12] in the style of numbers stations as part of its main menu music, and bonus round music. Space Giraffe is a fast-paced action arcade Video game by Jeff Minter and Ivan Zorzin of Llamasoft.

Recordings

See also

References

  1. ^ Miami - News - Espionage Is in the Air
  2. ^ "The Shortwave And the Calling: For Akin Fernandez, Cryptic Messages Became Music To His Ears", The Washington Post, August 3, 2004. Shortwave Radio operates between the frequencies of 3000 KHz (3 Radioteletype ( RTTY) is a Telecommunications system consisting of two or more Teleprinters using Radio as the Transmission medium. A secret broadcast is simply put a broadcast that is not for the consumption of the general public " Letter beacons " are radio transmissions of uncertain origin which consist of only a single repeating Morse Code letter The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious powerful shortwave Numbers station that used two bars from the English folk song " The Lincolnshire Poacher Cherry Ripe is the nickname of a mysterious powerful Shortwave Numbers station that uses several bars from the English Folk song " Yosemite Sam is the Nickname given by DXers to a mysterious number station that first surfaced on December 19, 2004. UVB-76 is the callsign of a Shortwave Radio station that usually broadcasts on the frequency 4625 kHz (AM full carrier A one-way voice link (OWVL is a Shortwave radio broadcast used by Spy networks to communicate with agents in the field The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  3. ^ http://www.myspystory.com/chap6.html "So here she was with a pillow over her head and over the radio. . . "
  4. ^ http://www.hackcanada.com/blackcrawl/consprcy/secretfr.txt
  5. ^ Miami - News - Espionage Is in the Air
  6. ^ IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR 15 MINUTES
  7. ^ Salon People Feature | Counting spies
  8. ^ William Poundstone, "Big Secrets", p. 197.
  9. ^ (Smolinski reported by Mays,2005) (now a password URL, but retained as archive record)
  10. ^ Chris Smolinski of Spooks to Miami New Times reporter Brett Sokol, 2001. http://www.miaminewtimes.com/issues/2001-02-08/kulchur.html
  11. ^ Schimmel, Donald W. , The Underground Frequency Guide: A Directory of Unusual, Illegal, and Covert Radio Communications (3rd ed. ) [Solana Beach, CA: High Text Publications, Inc. , 1994], pp. 27–28.
  12. ^ Collins, Barry W. , W4TLV, "The day the U. S. Army invaded W4TLV," QST, pp. 48–49 (July 1997)
  13. ^ Even a non-standard civilian shortwave radio can be difficult to obtain in a totalitarian state. See If It Had Not Been For 15 Minutes, chapter 6 for the problems of obtaining a numbers station receiving radio in East Germany during the Cold War.
  14. ^ archive.org
  15. ^ I'm sending coded signals to the world...

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