A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate. In Biochemistry, a hydrolase is an Enzyme that catalyzes the Hydrolysis of a Chemical bond. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions Nucleotides are Organic compounds that consist of three joined structures a nitrogenous base a Sugar, and a Phosphate group See also Adenosine triphosphate (ATP A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. For example, they convert adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, and guanosine monophosphate to guanosine. Adenosine monophosphate ( AMP) also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a Nucleotide that is found in RNA. Adenosine is a Nucleoside composed of a Molecule of Adenine attached to a Ribose sugar molecule ( Ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9- Guanosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid and abbreviated GMP, is a Nucleotide that is found in RNA Guanosine is a Nucleoside comprising Guanine attached to a Ribose ( Ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9- Glycosidic bond.
They have an important function in digestion in that they break down consumed nucleic acids. Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed A nucleic acid is a Macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric Nucleotides In Biochemistry these Molecules carry Genetic information
They can be divided into two categories, based upon the end which is hydrolyzed:
5' nucleotidases cleave off the phosphate from the 5' end of the sugar moiety. This article is about the Enzyme Commission codes For the European Commission system for coding chemicals see EC-No. This article is about the Enzyme Commission codes For the European Commission system for coding chemicals see EC-No. They can be classified into various kinds depending on their substrate preferences and subcellular localization. Membrane bound 5' nucleotidases displays specificity towards adenosine monophosphates and are predominantly involved in the salvage of preformed nucleotides and in signal transduction cascades involving purinergic receptors. Soluble 5' nucleotidases are all known to belong to the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily of enzymes which are two domian proteins characterised by a modified Rossman fold as the core and variable cap or hood. The soluble forms are further subclassified based on the criterion mentioned above. mdN and cdN are mitochondrial and cytosolic 5'-3' pyrimidine nucleotidases. cN-I is a cytosolic nucleotidase(cN) characterized by its affinity towards AMP as its substrate. cN-II is identified by its affinity towards either IMP or GMP or both. cN-III is a pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase. 5' nucleotidases are involved in varied functions like cell-cell communication, nucleic acid repair, purine salvage pathway for the synthesis of nucleotides, signal transduction, membrane transport etc.
References
- Hunsucker, S. A. , Mitchell, B. S. and Spychala, J. (2005). "The 5'-nucleotidases as regulators of nucleotide and drug metabolism". Pharmacol. Ther. 107, 1–30.
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