A nozzle is a mechanical device or orifice designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. FLUID ( F ast L ight '''U'''ser '''I'''nterface D esigner is a graphical editor that is used to produce FLTK Source code
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
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Types of nozzles
Jets
A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a nozzle intended to eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a surrounding medium. Gas jets are commonly found in gas stoves, ovens, or barbecues. In Cooking, a gas stove is a Cooker which uses Natural gas as a Fuel source An oven is an enclosed compartment for Heating, Baking or Drying. barbeque block party Kansas cityjpg|thumb|right|275px|A barbecue on a trailer at a Block party in Kansas City. Gas jets were commonly used for light before the development of electric light. Gas lighting refers to a technology used to produce light from gas usually methane but also including hydrogen and ethylene " Electric Light " is a song by Infernal, scheduled to be their next single after " Whenever You Need Me " off their album Electric Other types of fluid jets are found in carburetors, where smooth calibrated orifices are used to regulate the flow of fuel into an engine, and in jacuzzis or spas. A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal A calibrated orifice is a restriction that is deliberately placed into a system of pipes to set the flow rate through the system Jacuzzi is a company that produces whirlpool Bathtubs History Around 1900 seven brothers named Jacuzzi (pronounced yah-KUH-tzih immigrated The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as Balneotherapy, Spa towns or Spa resorts offering such treatment or the medication
High velocity nozzles
Frequently the goal is to increase the kinetic energy of the flowing medium at the expense of its pressure energy and/or internal energy. The kinetic energy of an object is the extra Energy which it possesses due to its motion In Thermodynamics, the internal energy of a Thermodynamic system, or a body with well-defined boundaries, denoted by U, or sometimes
Nozzles can be described as convergent (narrowing down from a wide diameter to a smaller diameter in the direction of the flow) or divergent (expanding from a smaller diameter to a larger one). A de Laval nozzle has a convergent section followed by a divergent section and is often called a convergent-divergent nozzle. A de Laval Nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube that is pinched in the middle making an hourglass-shape
Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids. If the nozzle pressure ratio is high enough the flow will reach sonic velocity at the narrowest point (i. e. the nozzle throat). In this situation, the nozzle is said to be choked.
Increasing the nozzle pressure ratio further will not increase the throat Mach number beyond unity. Mach number (\mathrm{Ma} or M (generally ˈmɑːk sometimes /ˈmɑːx/ or /ˈmæk/ is the speed of an object moving through air or any Fluid Downstream (i. e. external to the nozzle) the flow is free to expand to supersonic velocities. Note that the Mach 1 can be a very high speed for a hot gas; since the speed of sound varies as the square root of absolute temperature. Sound is a vibration that travels through an elastic medium as a Wave. Thus the speed reached at a nozzle throat can be far higher than the speed of sound at sea level. This fact is used extensively in rocketry where hypersonic flows are required, and where propellant mixtures are deliberately chosen to further increases the sonic speed. In Aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are highly Supersonic.
Divergent nozzles slow fluids, if the flow is subsonic, but accelerate sonic or supersonic fluids.
Convergent-divergent nozzles can therefore accelerate fluids that have choked in the convergent section to supersonic speeds. A de Laval Nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube that is pinched in the middle making an hourglass-shape This CD process is more efficient than allowing a convergent nozzle to expand supersonically externally. The shape of the divergent section also ensures that the direction of the escaping gases is directly backwards, as any sideways component would not contribute to thrust.
A jet exhaust produces a net thrust due to the energy obtained from combusting fuel which is added to the inducted air, increasing its kinetic energy.
A nozzle is also yet another word for a nose.
For a given mass flow, greater thrust is obtained with a higher exhaust velocity. However, the best energy efficiency is obtained when the exhaust speed is well matched with the airspeed, but greater mass flows are needed to give similar thrust. However, no jet aircraft can fly exceed its exhaust jet speed very much due momentum considerations, and so supersonic jet engines, like those employed in fighters and SST aircraft (e. A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed g. Concorde), need high exhaust speeds which in turn implies relatively high nozzle pressure ratios. Therefore supersonic aircraft very typically use a CD nozzle despite weight and cost penalties. Subsonic jet engines employ relatively low, subsonic, exhaust velocities. They thus have modest nozzle pressure ratios and employ simple convergent nozzles. In addition, bypass nozzles are employed giving even lower speeds. Description Jet engines are generally able to create considerably more energy than they can use in moving air through the engine core
Rocket motors use convergent-divergent nozzles with very large area ratios so as to maximise thrust and exhaust velocity and thus extremely high nozzle pressure ratios are employed. A rocket engine is a Jet engine that uses only Propellant mass for forming its high speed propulsive jet. Mass flow is at a premium since all the propulsive mass is carried with vehicle, and the very highest exhaust speeds are usually desirable.
Nozzles used on feeding hot blast in a blast furnace or forge are called tuyeres. Hot blast refers to the preheating of air blown into a Blast furnace or other metallurgical process A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. A forge is the workplace of a smith or a Blacksmith. A forge is sometimes referred to as a smithy. A tuyere is a Tube, Nozzle or Pipe through which Air is blown into a Furnace or Hearth.
Magnetic nozzles
Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some types of propulsion, such as VASIMR, in which the flow of plasma is directed by magnetic fields instead of walls made of solid matter. The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket ( VASIMR) is an electro-thermal thruster for Spacecraft propulsion. In Physics and Chemistry, plasma is an Ionized Gas, in which a certain proportion of Electrons are free rather than being bound In Physics, a magnetic field is a Vector field that permeates space and which can exert a magnetic force on moving Electric charges
Spray nozzles
Many nozzles "atomise" liquids. A spray nozzle is a device that facilitates the formation of Spray.
- Venturi tube nozzles are used for spray painting, perfumes, carburettors for internal combustion engines, spray on deodorants, antiperspirants and many other uses. An aspirator, also called an Eductor-jet pump or filter pump is a device that produces Vacuum by means of the Venturi effect. A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Deodorants are substances applied to the body particularly the Armpits mainly to reduce Body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of Perspiration. Deodorants are substances applied to the body particularly the Armpits mainly to reduce Body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of Perspiration.
- Air-Aspirating Nozzle-uses an opening in the cone shaped nozzle to inject air into a stream of water based foam (CAFS/AFFF/FFFP) to make the concentrate "foam up". Most commonly found on foam extinguishers and foam handlines.
- Swirl nozzles inject the liquid in tangentially, and it spirals into the center and then exits through the central hole. Due to the vortexing this causes the spray to come out in a cone shape.
Vacuum nozzles
Vacuum cleaner nozzles come in several different shapes. A vacuum cleaner (in colloquial British English also hoover) is a device that uses an air Pump to create a partial Vacuum to Suck
Shaping nozzles
Some nozzles are shaped to produce a stream that is of a particular shape. For example Extrusion molding is a way of producing lengths of metals or plastics or other materials with a particular cross-section. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile These nozzles are typically referred to as a die. A die is a specialized Tool used in Manufacturing industries to cut shape and form a wide variety of products and components
Other meanings
In some areas of Scotland, the nozzle can refer to the nose. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Anatomically a nose is a protuberance in Vertebrates that houses the Nostrils or nares which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the
See also
External links
A SERN, which stands for single expansion ramp nozzle, is a type of linear expansion Nozzle where the gas pressure transfers work only on one side A rocket engine nozzle is a Propelling nozzle usually of the de Laval type used in a Rocket engine to expand and accelerate the Combustion A spray nozzle is a device that facilitates the formation of Spray.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic