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 Nothofagus obliqua
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Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of about 35 species of trees and shrubs native to the temperate oceanic to tropical Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east & southeast Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia). In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme.
In the past they were included in the family Fagaceae, but genetic tests by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group revealed them to be genetically distinct, and they are now included in a family their own, the Nothofagaceae. The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both Evergreen and Deciduous trees and shrubs which are characterized by alternate The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to two international groups of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of about 35 Species of Trees and shrubs native to the temperate oceanic
The leaves are toothed or entire, evergreen or deciduous. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including The fruit is a small, flattened or triangular nut, borne in cupules containing 2-7 nuts. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants.
Nothofagus species are used as food plants by the larva of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus including A. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example The Hepialidae is a family of Insects in the Lepidopteran order. A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Aenetus is a genus of Moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 24 described species found in Indonesia, New Guinea, New eximia and A. virescens.
Many individuals are extremely old, and at one time it was believed that some populations could not reproduce in present-day conditions at the location where they were growing, except by suckering (clonal reproduction), being remnant forest from a cooler time. It has since been shown that sexual reproduction may occur[1], but distribution in cool, isolated high-altitude environments at temperate and tropical latitudes is consistent with the theory that the species was more prolific in a cooler age. The Evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle The first Fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing Organisms is from Eukaryotes of the Stenian The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the [2] The pattern of distribution around the southern Pacific Ocean rim has fed speculation that the dissemination of the genus dates to the time when Antarctica, Australia and South America were connected, the hypothetical common land-mass referred to as Gondwanaland. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago [3]
Taxonomy
The genus is classified in the following sections:[1]
- Sect. Brassospora (type Nothofagus brassi)
- Nothofagus aequilateralis (New Caledonia)
- Nothofagus balansae (New Caledonia)
- Nothofagus baumanniae (New Caledonia)
- Nothofagus brassii (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus carrii (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus codonandra (New Caledonia)
- Nothofagus crenata (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus discoidea (New Caledonia)
- Nothofagus flaviramea (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus grandis (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus nuda (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus perryi (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus pseudoresinosa (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus pullei (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus resinosa (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus rubra (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus starkenborghii (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus stylosa (New Guinea)
- Nothofagus womersleyi (New Guinea)
- Sect. UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus baumanniae is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae family UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus discoidea is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae family UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus nuda is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae family UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus stylosa is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae family UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus womersleyi is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae family Fuscospora (type Nothofagus fusca)
- Nothofagus alessandri (Central Chile)
- Nothofagus fusca (New Zealand)
- Nothofagus gunnii (Australia: Tasmania)
- Nothofagus solandri (New Zealand)
- Nothofagus truncata (New Zealand)
- Sect. UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus alessandri (Ruil is a species of Plant in the Fagaceae family Nothofagus fusca (New Zealand Red Beech is a species of Nothofagus, endemic to New Zealand, where it occurs on both North The Tanglefoot Beech or Deciduous Beech ( Nothofagus gunnii) is a Deciduous shrub native to Tasmania, Australia, where it is the only Nothofagus solandri var solandri (New Zealand Black Beech and var Nothofagus truncata or Hard Beech is a species of tree endemic to New Zealand Lophozonia (type Nothofagus menziesii)
- Nothofagus alpina (=N. UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus alpina (syn N procera) (Rauli is a species of Plant in the Fagaceae procera) (Central Chile)
- Nothofagus cunninghamii (Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania)
- Nothofagus glauca (Central Chile)
- Nothofagus macrocarpa (Central Chile)
- Nothofagus menziesii (New Zealand)
- Nothofagus moorei (Australia: New South Wales, Queensland)
- Nothofagus obliqua (South America)
- Sect. The Myrtle Beech ( Nothofagus cunninghamii) is an Evergreen tree native to Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. UserPolbot. --> Nothofagus glauca ( Hualo) is a species of Plant in the Nothofagaceae Nothofagus menziesii or Silver beech is a Tree of the Nothofagus or southern beech genus endemic to New Zealand. Nothofagus moorei, once referred to as 'Negrohead beech' but now as 'Antarctic beech' (not to be confused with its South American relative Nothofagus antarctica Nothofagus obliqua, ( Roble, Hualle, Coyán) is a Deciduous tree from Chile and Argentina. Nothofagus (type Nothofagus antarctica)
- Nothofagus antarctica (South America)
- Nothofagus betuloides (South America)
- Nothofagus dombeyi (Central Chile and Andean Patagonia)
- Nothofagus nitida (South America)
- Nothofagus pumilio (South America)
References
- ^ Nothofagus website (in French)
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