Norway Spruce
Norway Spruce
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Pinaceae Genus: Picea Species: P. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant Conifers This order was formerly known as the The family Pinaceae ( pine family) is in the order Pinales and includes many of the well-known Conifers of commercial importance such as Cedars Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae abies
Binomial name
Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.

Norway Spruce (Picea abies) is a species of spruce native to Europe. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817 - 1908 was a German Botanist and Geologist. Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae

It is a large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 35-55 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1-1. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or 5 m. The shoots are orange-brown and glabrous (hairless). The leaves are needle-like, 12-24 mm long, quadrangular in cross-section (not flattened), and dark green on all four sides with inconspicuous stomatal lines. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore found mostly on the underside of a Plant Leaf The cones are 9-17 cm long (the longest of any spruce), and have bluntly to sharply triangular-pointed scale tips. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers They are green or reddish, maturing brown 5-7 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 4-5 mm long, with a pale brown 15 mm wing. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

It grows throughout northeast Europe from Norway and Poland eastward, and also in the mountains of central Europe, southwest to the western end of the Alps, and southeast in the Carpathians and Balkans to the extreme north of Greece. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The northern limit is in the arctic, just north of 70°N in Norway. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Its eastern limit in Russia is hard to define, due to extensive hybridisation and intergradation with the Siberian Spruce (Picea obovata, syn. P. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Siberian Spruce ( Picea obovata, syn Picea abies subsp obovata) is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. abies subsp. obovata), but is usually given as the Ural Mountains. Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye However, trees showing some Siberian Spruce characters extend as far west as much of northern Finland, with a few records in northeast Norway. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The hybrid is known as Picea x fennica (or P. × subsp. fennica, if the two taxa are considered subspecies), and can be distinguished by a tendency towards having hairy shoots and cones with smoothly rounded scales. A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. ^[1][2][3]

Populations in southeast Europe tend to have on average longer cones with more pointed scales; these are sometimes distinguished as Picea abies var. acuminata (Beck) Dallim. & A. B. Jacks. , but there is extensive overlap in variation with trees from other parts of the range. ^[1][2][3]

Some botanists treat Siberian Spruce as a subspecies of Norway Spruce, though in their typical forms, they are very distinct, the Siberian Spruce having cones only 5-10 cm long, with smoothly rounded scales, and pubescent (hairy) shoots. Siberian Spruce ( Picea obovata, syn Picea abies subsp obovata) is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains ^[1][2][3] Genetically Norway and Siberian Spruces have turned out to be extremely similar and should be considered as two closely related subspecies of P. Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. abies ^[6].

Another spruce with smoothly rounded cone scales and hairy shoots occurs rarely in the central Alps in eastern Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation It is also distinct in having thicker, blue-green leaves. Many texts treat this as a variant of Norway Spruce, but it is as distinct as many other spruces, and appears to be more closely related to Siberian Spruce, Schrenk's Spruce (P. Schrenk's Spruce ( Picea schrenkiana) is a Spruce native to the Tian Shan mountains of central Asia in western China ( Xinjiang schrenkiana) from central Asia and Morinda Spruce (P. The Morinda Spruce or West Himalayan Spruce ( Picea smithiana) is a Spruce native to the western Himalaya and adjacent mountains from northeast smithiana) in the Himalaya. Treated as a distinct species, it takes the name Alpine Spruce (Picea alpestris (Brügger) Stein). As with Siberian Spruce, it hybridises extensively with Norway Spruce; pure specimens are rare. ^[1][2][3]

The tallest measured tree, 63 m tall, is in Perucica Virgin Forest, Sutjeska National Park, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The oldest tree known is a Norway Spruce, discovered in Sweden in 2008. It has been carbon dated at being over 9500 years old. ^[7]

Cultivation and uses

Norway Spruce is one of the most widely planted spruces, both in and outside of its native range, used in forestry for timber and paper production, and as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. It is also widely planted for use as a Christmas tree. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration Every Christmas, the Norwegian capital city of Oslo provides the cities of New York, London and Washington D.C. with a Norwegian spruce, which is placed at the most central square of each city. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D This is mainly a sign of gratitude for the aid these countries gave during the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

It is naturalised in some parts of North America, though not so extensively as to be considered an invasive weed tree. WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format It can grow fast when young, up to 1 m per year for the first 25 years under good conditions, but becomes slower once over around 20 m tall. ^[8]

Several cultivars have been selected for garden use. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar

References

Shoot	Shoot	Cone	19th century illustration
Tree	Picea abies 'Nidiformis', a dwarf cultivar	Picea abies 'Acrocona', a slow-growing cultivar noted for abundant cone production	Three Pineapple galls developing on Norway Spruce. The Pineapple or Pseudocone gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of up to a hundred pine needles mostly on Norway Spruce and Sitka Spruce.

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