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For other places with this name, see Northumberland (disambiguation)
Northumberland
Flag of Northumberland
Flag of Northumberland
Image:EnglandNorthumberland.png
Geography
Status: Ceremonial & Non-metropolitan county
Region: North East England
Area:
- Total
- Admin. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear Surface area is the measure of how much exposed Area an object has council		 Ranked 6th
5,013 km²
Ranked 6th
Admin HQ: Morpeth
ISO 3166-2: GB-NBL
ONS code: 35
NUTS 3: UKC21
Demographics
Population:
- Total (2006 est. This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area. See also Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of This is a list of non-metropolitan counties of England by area Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town ISO 3166-2GB is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United Kingdom. The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology )
- Density
- Admin. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Council		 Ranked 44th
309,900
62 / km²
Ranked 33rd
Ethnicity: 99. This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Population. This is a list of non-metropolitan counties of England by population. 0% White
Politics
Northumberland County Council
http://www.northumberland.gov.uk/
Executive: TBA (council NOC)
MPs: Peter Atkinson (C)

Alan Beith (LD)
Ronnie Campbell (L)
Denis Murphy (L)
Police Force Covering Area
Image:Northumbriapolice.gif
Northumbria Police
Districts
Image:NorthumberlandNumbered.png
  1. Blyth Valley
  2. Wansbeck
  3. Castle Morpeth
  4. Tynedale
  5. Alnwick
  6. Berwick-upon-Tweed
Long Crag.
Long Crag. Within the context of Local councils of the United Kingdom the term No Overall Control (abbreviated to NOC refers to a situation in which no single party achieves Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons Peter Atkinson (born 19 January 1943, Northumberland) is a British Conservative Party politician The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Sir Alan James Beith (born 20 April 1943 The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Ronald Campbell (born August 14, 1943) is the Labour Member of Parliament for Blyth Valley in north-east England. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Denis Murphy (born 2 November 1948 Ashington) is a politician in the United Kingdom. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Northumbria Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the areas of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear in England. This article describes the Local government district For the Parliamentary constituency of the same name see Blyth Valley (UK Parliament constituency Wansbeck is a local government district in south-east Northumberland, England. Castle Morpeth is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland, England. Tynedale, is a local government district in south-west Northumberland, England. Alnwick is a local government district of Northumberland, England. Berwick-upon-Tweed is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland in the north-east of England, on the border with

Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and nearly eighty miles of North Sea coastline. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. Since 1974 the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county; however, both Morpeth and Alnwick claim the title county town. Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland.

As the kingdom of Northumbria under King Edwin, the region's historical boundaries stretched from the Humber in the south to the Forth in the north. Saint Edwin (alternately Eadwine or Æduini) (c 586 &ndash 12 October 632/633 was the King of Deira and Bernicia - which would The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England The historic boundaries of the county cover a different area, including Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, areas administered by Tyne and Wear since 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth North Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear in the North East of England. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales The historic boundaries of the county are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. Islandshire was a region in England, centred around Lindisfarne or Holy Island including many villages on the mainland Bedlingtonshire is an area in England, consisting solely of the parish of Bedlington. Norhamshire was an Exclave of County Durham in England. It was first mentioned in 995, when it formed part of the lands of the priory at

Being on the border of Scotland and England, Northumberland has been the site of many battles. The Anglo-Scottish border (or English-Scottish border) runs for 96  Miles nbsp(154  km) between Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The county is noted for its undeveloped landscape of high moorland, a favourite with landscape painters, and now largely protected as a National Park. Northumberland National Park is the northernmost national park in England.

Northumberland's county flower is the Bloody Cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum) and her affiliated Royal Navy ship is her namesake, HMS Northumberland. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Gardeners often use the name "geranium" to mean Pelargonium: see below. Service history Construction She was built by Swan Hunter in 1992 at Wallsend, was launched by her sponsor Lady Kerr in April 1992 and was accepted

Contents

History

Main article: History of Northumberland

Once part of the Roman Empire and the scene of many wars between England and Scotland, Northumberland has a long and violent history. Northumberland, England 's northernmost county is a land of historical extremes The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. There are more castles there than anywhere else in England, including those at Alnwick, Bamburgh, Dunstanburgh and Warkworth. Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. Dunstanburgh Castle lies on a spectacular headland on the coast of Northumberland in northern England, between the villages of Craster and Embleton Warkworth may refer to Warkworth Northamptonshire, England Warkworth Northumberland, England Warkworth

The region of present-day Northumberland once formed the core of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia, which was later united with Deira south of the Tees to form Northumbria. The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland and the North-East of Deira was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD The Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles Northumberland is often called the "cradle of Christianity" in England, because it was on Lindisfarne, a tidal island north of Bamburgh, also called Holy Island, that Christianity flourished when monks from Iona were sent to convert the English. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Lindisfarne was the home of the Lindisfarne Gospels and Saint Cuthbert, who is buried in Durham Cathedral. Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. The Lindisfarne Gospels is an illuminated Latin manuscript of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John For the Dungeons & Dragons deity see Saint Cuthbert (Dungeons & Dragons St Cuthbert of Lindisfarne (c Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England

Bamburgh is the historic capital of Northumberland, the "royal" castle from before the unification of England under one monarch. Bamburgh Castle is an imposing Castle located on the coast at Bamburgh in Northumberland, England ( The capital of Northumberland now, however, may be Morpeth, since Northumberland County Council's offices are in that town or perhaps the market town of Alnwick, mainly because the Duke of Northumberland has his home there. Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. The Duke of Northumberland is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain.

The lords of Northumberland once wielded inordinate power in English affairs because, as the Lords of the Marches, they were entrusted with protecting England from Scottish invasion. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Northumberland has a history of revolt and rebellion against the government, as seen in the Rising of the North in Tudor times. The Rising of the North or Revolt of the Northern Earls was an unsuccessful uprising against Elizabeth I of England in 1569 by Catholics of The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period These revolts were usually led by the then Dukes of Northumberland, the Percy family. The Duke of Northumberland is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. Shakespeare makes one of the Percys, the dashing Harry Hotspur, the real hero of his Henry IV, Part 1. William Shakespeare ( baptised Henry IV Part 1 is a History play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written no later than 1597

The county was also a centre for Roman Catholicism in England, as well as of Jacobite feelings after the Restoration. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland Northumberland became a sort of wild county, where outlaws and border reivers hid from the law. Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo - Scottish border ( Border country) for nearly three hundred years from the late 13th century However, the frequent cross-border skirmishes and accompanying local lawlessness largely subsided after the union of the crowns of Scotland and England under King James VI and I. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James

Northumberland played a key role in the industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Coal mines were once widespread in Northumberland, with collieries at Ashington, Ellington and Pegswood The region's coalfields fuelled industrial expansion in other areas of the country, and the need to transport the coal from the collieries to the Tyne led to the development of the first railways. Ashington is a town in the Wansbeck district of Northumberland, England. Ellington is a small Village on the coast of Northumberland, England. Pegswood is a former coal mining village in Northumberland, England. Ship-building and armaments manufacture were other important industries. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons

Today, Northumberland is still largely rural. As the least populated county in England, it commands much less power in British affairs than in times past. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In recent years the county has had considerable growth in tourism due to its scenic beauty and the abundant evidence of its historical significance.

Physical geography

Physical geography of Northumberland and surrounding areas
Physical geography of Northumberland and surrounding areas

The physical geography of Northumberland is diverse. It is low and flat near the North Sea coast and increasingly mountainous toward the northwest. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Cheviot Hills, in the northwest of the county, consist mainly of resistant Devonian granite and andesite lava. The Cheviot Hills are a range of rolling hills straddling the England / Scotland border between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders. Geological resistance is a measure of how well Minerals resist erosive factors and is primarily based on hardness, Chemical reactivity and cohesion The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era spanning from to  million years ago. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. For the extinct cephalopod genus see Andesites. Andesite (ˈændəsaɪt is an igneous, Volcanic rock, of intermediate Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures A second area of igneous rock underlies Whin Sill (on which Hadrian's Wall runs), an intrusion of carboniferous Dolerite. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock Whin Sill is a tabular layer of Igneous rock or sill, in County Durham and Northumberland, in the Northeast of England. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Diabase (ˈdaɪəbeɪs or Dolerite is a Mafic, Holocrystalline, Igneous rock equivalent to Volcanic Basalt or plutonic Both ridges support a rather bare moorland landscape. Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils Either side of Whin Sill the county lies on carboniferous limestone, giving some areas of karst landscape. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble Bedrock, usually Carbonate rock such as Limestone [1] Lying off the coast of Northumberland are the Farne Islands, another Dolerite outcrop, famous for their bird life. The Farne Islands (also referred to less formally as the Farnes) are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England.

There are coal fields in the southeast corner of the county, extending along the coastal region north of the river Tyne. The term 'sea coal' likely originated from chunks of coal, found washed up on beaches, that wave action had broken from coastal outcroppings.

River Coquet.
River Coquet.

Being in the far north of England, above 55° latitude, and having many areas of high land, Northumberland is one of the coldest areas of the country. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the It has an average annual temperature of 7. 1 to 9. 3 °C, with the coldest temperatures inland. [2] However, the county lies on the east coast, and has relatively low rainfall, between 466 and 1060 mm annually, mostly falling in the west on the high land. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to [3] Between 1971 and 2000 the county averaged 1321 to 1390 hours of sunshine per year. [4]

Approximately a quarter of the county is protected as the Northumberland National Park, an area of outstanding landscape that has largely been protected from development and agriculture. Northumberland National Park is the northernmost national park in England. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The park stretches south from the Scottish border and includes Hadrian's Wall. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman Most of the park is over 800 feet (240 metres) above sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The Northumberland Coast is also a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Northumberland Coast is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB covering 39 miles of coastline from Berwick-Upon-Tweed to the River Coquet An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland

Ecology

There are a variety of notable habitats and species in Northumberland including: Chillingham Cattle herd; Holy Island; Farne Islands; and Staple Island. Chillingham (Wild Cattle are cattle which live wild in a large enclosed park at Chillingham Castle, Northumberland, England. Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. The Farne Islands (also referred to less formally as the Farnes) are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. Staple Island is a small rocky island that is one of the outer Farne Islands in Northumberland, England.

Economy and industry

Housedon Hill
Housedon Hill

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Northumberland at current basic prices published (pp. 240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year Regional Gross Value Added[5] Agriculture[6] Industry[7] Services[8]
1995 2,585 130 943 1,512
2000 2,773 108 831 1,833
2003 3,470 109 868 2,494

Northumberland has a relatively weak economy amongst the counties and other local government areas of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [9] The county is ranked sixth lowest amongst these 63 council areas. In 2003 23% of males and 60% of females were earning less than the Council of Europe's decency threshold. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 As of May 2005 unemployment is at 2. 3%, in line with the national average. [10] Between 1999 and 2003 businesses in the county grew 4. 4% to 8,225, making 0. 45% of registered businesses in the UK. [11]

A major source of employment and income in the county is tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The county annually receives 1. 1 million UK visitors and 50,000 foreign tourists who spend a total of £162million in the county. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [12].

Education

Northumberland has a completely comprehensive education system with 15 state schools and one independent school. Similar to Bedfordshire, it embraced the comprehensive ideal with the three tier system of lower/middle/upper schools with large school year sizes (often around 300). Bedfordshire (abbreviated Beds) is a County in England that forms part of the East of England region. Three-tier education refers to those structures of schooling which exist in some parts of England where pupils are taught in three distinct school types This eliminates choice of school in most areas - as instead of having two secondary schools in one town, one school becomes a middle school and another becomes an upper school; in individual towns everyone will go to the same school. Cramlington Community High School has almost 400 pupils in each school year; making it one of the largest schools in England. There is only one school for the whole of the Berwick-upon-Tweed district. Blyth Community College also situated in Northumberland, able to hold 1500 students throughout the building. Blyth Community College is a high school in Blyth Northumberland, England.

Demographics

At the Census 2001 Northumberland registered a population of 307,190,[13] estimated to be 309,237 in 2003. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology [14] In 2001 there were 130,780 households, 10% which were all retired, and one third were rented. Northumberland has a very low ethnic minority population at 0. 985% of the population, compared to 9. 1% for England as a whole. 81% of the population reported their religion as Christianity, 0. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 8% as another religion, and 12% as having no religion. [15].

Politics

See also: List of Parliamentary constituencies in Northumberland

Like most English shire counties Northumberland has had a two-tier system of local government. The county of Northumberland is divided into 4 Parliamentary constituencies - 1 Borough constituencies and 3 County constituencies. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales At present (2008) it still has a county council based in Morpeth and also has six districts, each with their own district council. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town These districts are, Blyth Valley, Wansbeck, Castle Morpeth, Tynedale, Alnwick and Berwick-upon-Tweed. This article describes the Local government district For the Parliamentary constituency of the same name see Blyth Valley (UK Parliament constituency Wansbeck is a local government district in south-east Northumberland, England. Castle Morpeth is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland, England. Tynedale, is a local government district in south-west Northumberland, England. Alnwick is a local government district of Northumberland, England. Berwick-upon-Tweed is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland in the north-east of England, on the border with The county and district councils are responsible for different aspects of local government.

However, the Department for Communities and Local Government have passed plans to reorganise Northumberland's administrative structure. The Department for Communities and Local Government (branded as Communities and Local Government) is the United Kingdom government department for communities Two proposals were looked at - one to abolish all of the districts to create a Northumberland unitary authority; and one to create two separate unitary authorities, South East Northumberland (the area now covered by Blyth Valley and Wansbeck), and Rural Northumberland (the area now covered by the other four districts). See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The proposal for a countywide unitary authority was approved in July 2007. The changes are planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. It is planned that during 2009 there will be structural changes to local government in England, whereby a number of new unitary authorities will be created [16][17][18]

Elections for the new unitary authority council took place on 1 May 2008.

Northumberland is represented in the House of Commons by four Members of Parliament, of whom one is a Conservative, one is a Liberal Democrat and two are Labour. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the

Culture

The Northumberland Flag
The Northumberland Flag

Northumberland has traditions not found elsewhere in England, reflecting a mix of indigenous, Anglian, Celtic and Norse influences. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language These include the rapper sword dance, the Clog dance and the Northumbrian smallpipe, a sweet chamber instrument, quite unlike the Scottish bagpipe. History The rapper sword tradition was traditionally performed in the mining villages of the Northumberland and Durham coalfield in North East England, Clogging is a type of Folk dance rooted in traditional European dancing from the British Isles, in which the dancer's footwear is used musically by striking the heel The Northumbrian smallpipes (also known as the Northumbrian pipes are bellows-blown Bagpipes from the North East of England. Northumberland also has its own kilt and tartan, sometimes referred to in Scotland as the Shepherd’s Tartan. The kilt is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century Border tartan, sometimes known as "Northumbrian tartan" "Shepherds' Plaid" or "Border Drab" is a design used in woven fabrics historically associated Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Traditional Northumberland music sounds similar to Scottish music, reflecting the strong historical links between Northumbria and Scotland. Here Northumbria is taken to mean the traditional counties of Northumberland, the northernmost county of England, and County Durham, Sunderland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

The Border ballads of the region have been famous since late mediaeval times. Thomas Percy, whose celebrated Reliques of Ancient English Poetry appeared in 1765, states that most of the minstrels who sang the Border ballads in London and elsewhere in the 15th and 16th centuries belonged to the North. Thomas Percy ( April 13, 1729 - September 30, 1811) was Bishop of Dromore and editor of Tatler, Guardian The activities of Sir Walter Scott and others in the 19th century gave the ballads an even wider popularity. Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout William Morris considered them to be the greatest poems in the language, while Algernon Swinburne knew virtually all of them by heart. William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896 was an English Architect, Furniture and Textile designer artist writer and socialist associated Algernon Charles Swinburne (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909 was a Victorian era English poet

One of the best-known is the stirring Chevy Chase, which tells of the Earl of Northumberland's vow to hunt for three days across the Border 'maugre the doughty Douglas'. There are two English Ballads known as The Ballad of Chevy Chase, but the nature of ballads means that there may well have been many more versions of this once popular Of it, the Elizabethan courtier, soldier and poet Sir Philip Sidney famously said: 'I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas that I found not my heart moved more than with a trumpet'. Sir Philip Sidney ( November 30, 1554 &ndash October 17, 1586) became one of the Elizabethan Age's most prominent figures Ben Jonson said that he would give all his works to have written Chevy Chase. Benjamin Jonson ( c 11 June 1572 &ndash 6 August 1637) was an English Renaissance Dramatist

Overall the culture of Northumberland, as with the north east of England in general, has much in common with Scottish Lowland culture than each has with the rest of their respective countries. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. There are two factors that suggest this. First: the clear pattern of net southward migration. There are more Scots in England than English people north of the border. Much of this movement is cross-county rather than distant migration, and the incomers bring their culture with them, for example Scottish country dancing. Secondly, the fading attraction of Newcastle as the regional centre: North Northumberland is 40 - 55 miles distant from Newcastle but on the doorstep of Berwick (England) with its own attached Scottish county Berwickshire. From here the Scots capital Edinburgh, is as easily reached as Newcastle. The linguistic links between the two include many Old English words, such as bairn for child. For further information, see Scots language and Geordie. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English Attempts to raise the level of awareness of Northumberland culture have also started, with the formation of a Northumbrian Language Society to preserve the unique dialects (Pitmatic and Northumbrian) of this region, as well as to promote home-grown talent. Pitmatic (originally "pitmatical") is a Dialect of English used in the counties of Northumberland and Durham

Northumberland has its own flag, based on the design first used on the tomb of St Oswald in the 7th century. Oswald (c 604 &ndash August 5, 642) was King of Northumbria from 634 until his death and is now venerated as a Christian Saint. The current version was granted to the county council in 1951, and adopted as the flag of Northumberland county in 1995. [1]

Media

Having no large population centres, the county's mainstream media outlets are served from nearby Tyne and Wear, including radio stations and television channels (such as BBC Look North, BBC Radio Newcastle, Tyne Tees Television and Metro Radio), along with the majority of daily newspapers covering the area (The Journal, Evening Chronicle). This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. The term television channel generally refers to either a Television station or its cable / satellite counterpart (both outlined below Tyne Tees Television is the ITV television contractor for North East England. Metro Radio is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to North East England. The Journal is a daily newspaper produced in Newcastle upon Tyne. The Evening Chronicle is a daily evening Newspaper produced in Newcastle upon Tyne, covering Tyne and Wear, southern Northumberland It is worth remembering however that whereas Northumberland, like many administrative areas in England, has been shorn of its geographical regional centre, that centre - Newcastle upon Tyne - remains an essential element within the entity we know as Northumberland. Newcastle's newspapers are as widely read in its Northumbrian hinterland as any of those of the wider county: the Northumberland Gazette, Morpeth Herald, Berwick Advertiser, Hexham Courant and the News Post Leader. The Northumberland Gazette is a weekly Newspaper published in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. The Morpeth Herald is a weekly newspaper published in Morpeth Northumberland, England.

Lionheart FM, a community radio station based in Alnwick, has recently been awarded a five-year community broadcasting license by OFCOM. Community radio is a type of Radio service that caters to the interests of a certain area broadcasting material that is popular to a local audience but is overlooked by more Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication Radio Borders covers Berwick and the rural north of the county. Radio Borders is a radio station broadcasting to the Scottish Borders and North Northumberland.

People

George Stephenson was born in Northumberland
George Stephenson was born in Northumberland

Famous people born in Northumberland

Ashington was the birth place of the three famous footballers Bobby and Jack Charlton in 1937 and 1935 respectively; and Jackie Milburn previously in 1924. George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 &ndash 12 August 1848) was an English Civil engineer and mechanical engineer Ashington is a town in the Wansbeck district of Northumberland, England. Sir Robert "Bobby" Charlton, CBE (born 11 October 1937 in Ashington, Northumberland) is a former English Professional John "Jack" Charlton, OBE, DL (born Ashington, Northumberland, 8 May 1935) is a former Footballer John Edward Thompson 'Jackie' Milburn, ( 11 May 1924 &ndash 9 October 1988) also known to fans as Wor Jackie and 'the first World The basketballer Alan Hoyle was born here in 1983 whilst in 1978 Steve Harmison, an international cricketer was born here. Alan Hoyle (b December 13 1983, Ashington, Northumberland, England) is a British Basketball player who Stephen James Harmison MBE (born 23 October 1978 Ashington, Northumberland) is an England Cricketer and a leading Test match Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries

Mickley was the birth place of Thomas Bewick, an artist, wood engraver and naturalist in 1753 and Bob Stokoe, a footballer, F. Mickley is a small hamlet near Prudhoe and Stocksfield in the English county of Northumberland. Thomas Bewick (12 August 1753 – November 8, 1828) was an English wood engraver and ornithologist. Robert "Bob" Stokoe ( September 21, 1930 – February 1, 2004) was an English footballer and manager who was able almost A. Cup winning manager in 1930

Other notable births include:

Famous people linked with Northumberland

Image:Swinburne.jpg
Algernon Swinburne, the poet was raised in Northumberland

The site [2] contains exhaustive detailed entries for famous deceased Northumbrians. Alan Shearer, OBE (born 13 August 1970 is an English retired footballer who played as a Striker in the English Premier League for

Settlements

See also: List of places in Northumberland
Major settlements in Northumberland
Alnwick | Ashington | Bamburgh | Bedlington | Berwick-upon-Tweed | Blyth | Cramlington | Haltwhistle | Hexham | Morpeth | Newbiggin-by-the-Sea | Ponteland | Prudhoe | Rothbury | Seahouses | Wooler


See also

External links

Notes and references

  1. ^ Northumberland National Park Authority, n. This is a list of places in Northumberland, in England. The area covered is the ceremonial county, hence the exclusion of places traditionally regarded This is a list of places in Northumberland, in England. The area covered is the ceremonial county, hence the exclusion of places traditionally regarded Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. Ashington is a town in the Wansbeck district of Northumberland, England. Bamburgh is a large village on the coast of Northumberland, England. Bedlington is a town in Northumberland, to the north of the Tyne and Wear urban area Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost Blyth ( or spelling pronunciation) is a Town in southeast Northumberland, England. The Town of Cramlington in the county of Northumberland is situated nine miles north of the city of Newcastle Upon Tyne in the north-east of Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Hexham New South Wales|Hexham (constituency Hexham is a Market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. Morpeth is the County town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town Newbiggin-by-the-Sea is a small Town in Northumberland, England, lying on the North Sea coast Ponteland is a small town situated in Castle Morpeth, Northumberland. For the settlement and oil field in the US state of Alaska, see Prudhoe Bay. For the town of the same name in New South Wales, Australia see Rothbury New South Wales For the town of the same name in Michigan Seahouses is a large Village on the North Northumberland coast in England. Wooler is a small Town in Northumberland, England. It lies on the edge of the Northumberland National Park, by the Cheviot Hills and The Duke of Northumberland is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. This is a list of places in Northumberland, in England. The area covered is the ceremonial county, hence the exclusion of places traditionally regarded The county of Northumberland is divided into 4 Parliamentary constituencies - 1 Borough constituencies and 3 County constituencies. The Anglo-Scottish border (or English-Scottish border) runs for 96  Miles nbsp(154  km) between d. "The topology and climate of Northumberland National Park. "
  2. ^ Met Office, 2000. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, "Annual average temperature for the United Kingdom. "
  3. ^ Met Office, 2000. "Annual average rainfall for the United Kingdom. "
  4. ^ Met Office, 2000. "Annual average sunshine for the United Kingdom. "
  5. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  6. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  7. ^ includes energy and construction
  8. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  9. ^ Northumberland County Council, 2003 "Northumberland in context. ". MS Word, HTML (Google)
  10. ^ Northumberland InfoNet, 2005. "Unemployment Statistics. "
  11. ^ Northumberland InfoNet, 2004. "Key Statistics: Businesses. " (PDF)
  12. ^ Northumberland InfoNet, 2004 "Key Statistics: Tourism. " (PDF)
  13. ^ Office for National Statistics, 2003. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly "Update on 2001 Census figures. " (PDF)
  14. ^ Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2003. The Department for Communities and Local Government (branded as Communities and Local Government) is the United Kingdom government department for communities "Local Government Finance Settlement 2005/06. " (PDF)
  15. ^ Office for National Statistics, 2001. "KS07 Religion: Census 2001, Key Statistics for local Authorities. "
  16. ^ One Future, One Council - proposal from Northumberland County Council
  17. ^ One Northumberland Two Councils - proposal from the six district councils
  18. ^ Communities and Local Government - Proposals for future unitary structures: Stakeholder consultation

Bibliography

Tomlinson, W. W. (1888). Comprehensive guide to the county of Northumberland (reprinted 1968). Trowbridge, UK: Redwood.


Coordinates: 55°18′N 1°41′W / 55.30, -1.68

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

Dictionary

Northumberland

-proper noun

  1. The most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumberland, Scotland and the North Sea.
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